| 释义 |
waybreadn.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch wegebrede (Dutch weegbree ), Old Saxon wegabreda , wegbrede (Middle Low German wegebrede ), Old High German wegabreita (Middle High German wegebreite , German Wegebreite , now rare), Old Swedish väghbredha (Swedish vägbreda ), Old Danish vegbrede (Danish vejbred ) < the Germanic base of way n.1 (the early continental forms have genitive plural) + the Germanic base of broad adj., the basic sense of the compound being ‘broadleaved plant of the way’ (the plant typically grows on well-trodden paths); compare brede n.2In some of the α. forms (especially waybread), apparently with remodelling of the second element after bread n. (compare quot. 1998 at sense 1α. , and also waybread n.2). In β. forms originally (in Old English) representing a by-form without i-mutation; in later use reinforced by broad adj. In γ. forms (originally and chiefly in waybread leaf n. at Compounds) from the Old English genitive compound wegbrǣdan lēaf (compare quot. OE for waybread leaf n. at Compounds). Compare also occasional examples of wayfaring leaf in word lists, apparently showing reinterpretation after wayfaring n. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Plantaginaceae > [noun] α. eOE (Royal) (1865) i. xxxiii. 80 Gif he [sc. spring] on earan sie gebeate wegbrædan & feferfugean & pipor, wring on þæt eare. eOE (Royal) (1865) ii. lxv. 292 Genim..þa ruwan wegbrædan nioþowearde. OE Ælfric (St. John's Oxf.) 311 Plantago, wegbræde [c1225 Worcester weibreode]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxix. 1024 Weybrede ychiewid easeth and clensiþ swellynge gomes. ?a1425 (?1373) (1938) f. 59v (MED) Playnteyn oþer waybrede is colde and dry in the þirde degre. 1562 W. Turner f. 94 There ar two kyndes of plantayn or Waybrede, the lesse and the greater. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. xxv. viii. 223 Themison..set forth a whole booke of the hearbe Waibread or Plantain, wherein he highly praiseth it. 1657 W. Coles lxxvi*. 75* The generall English name is Plantaine; but that which the Greeks call Eptaneuron, we call Way-bred, because it commonly breeds by the wayside. 1705 tr. A. Cowley Plants in (1711) III. 303 Next Waybred rose..Her Nature is astringent, which great Hate Of her among Blood-letters does create. 1766 at Weed Great plantain, or way-bread, is easily known by its broad leaves, spreading on the ground, and marked on the under surface with seven strong nerves. 1861 P. Lankester 109 The common name of Plantago Major is undoubtedly Way-bred (not Way-bread, as it is usually spelt), from its frequency by the way-side, seeming as if bred on the road. 1924 W. J. Malden 299 Waybread or Broad-leaved Plantain..is a weed which occupies much surface and gives little food, while its broad leaves smother and destroy many seedlings. 1964 E. Salisbury (ed. 2) 135 Pale Plantain..is a perennial resembling our own Waybread. 1998 No. 12. 20/1 It [sc. plantain] earned its nickname ‘waybread’, because it was often gathered and eaten by travelers. 1538 W. Turner at Alisma Water plantane or Water Waybrede. Compounds the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Plantaginaceae > [noun] OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius (Vitell.) (1984) ii. 42 Wiþ muþes wunde genim wegbrædan leaf [?a1200 Harl. 6258B webræde leaf] & hyre seaw, gnid tosomne, hafa ðonne swiþe lange on þinum muðe & et ðone wyrtwalan. ?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 13 Nim webradeleaf ar sunne upgange. c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich (1896) 141 (MED) Ley aweybrode lef aboue þe bak syde toward þe sore. 1599 ‘T. Cutwode’ (Roxb.) cxvii And with a Wabret leafe he made a wallet. 1609 in T. Craig-Brown (1886) I. 180 Being demandit if she gave drinks, she answered she gave nane bot off Waburne leavis for the hart-axes. 1623 (Abbotsford Club) 1 She appoyntit thame the wayburne leaf to be eattin nyne morningis. 1651 110 Take Smallage, Southernwood, House-leek, Violet-leaves, and Roots, and Waybroad-leaves, of each a good quantity. 1803 J. Leyden i. 101 The wabret leaf, that by the pathway grew. 1820 Nov. 202 I thought the grey whin was gaun frae below me—it shook like a wabron-leaf. 1831 W. Patrick 94 Greater Plantain... The leaves (vulgarly called the Wayburn-leaf) are spread on the ground. 1931 J. R. Nicolson xv. 103 For a suppurating sore the common application was a ‘waaverin leaf’. 2012 J. Borodale vi. ii. 338 At the bottom is what, at first, I took to be a waybread leaf. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). waybreadn.2Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: way n.1, bread n. Etymology: < way n.1 + bread n.The introduction of the word was apparently inspired by a common folk etymology of waybread n.1 (compare discussion of α. forms at that entry; compare also P. Gilliver et al. Ring of Words (2006) 59). It is presented in Tolkien's fiction as a literal translation of a similarly-formed compound in his invented Elvish language (compare quot. 1954 at sense 1). Compare classical Latin viāticum provisions for a journey, lit. ‘(something) for the way’, in post-classical Latin also with specific reference to the Eucharist given to the dying (see viaticum n. and compare quot. 1958 at sense 2). 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien ii. viii. 385 The food was mostly in the form of very thin cakes, made of a meal that was baked a light brown on the outside, and inside was the colour of cream... ‘We [sc. the Elves] call it lembas or waybread, and it is more strengthening than any food made by Men.’ 1966 U. K. Le Guin vii. 95 Packs filled with waybread and dried meat given by the Fiia, who delighted in giving. 1987 G. Chetwin vii. 82 Then, out of curiosity, he opened the pack of waybread. There were four cakes in the pack. 2009 N. Asire in M. Lackey 308 Chewing the last bit of waybread, he washed it down with a cup of water from the stream. society > faith > artefacts > consumables > eucharistic elements > [noun] 1958 J. R. R. Tolkien 25 Oct. (1995) 288 Another [critic] saw in waybread (lembas) = viaticum and the reference to its feeding the will..and being more potent when fasting, a derivation from the Eucharist.] 1993 D. L. Gelpi vii. 199 In comparing the Eucharistic bread and wine to manna, Paul proclaimed them the ‘waybread’ of Christians, the food divinely given to sustain believers in their journey through life to glory with the risen Christ. 1998 B. G. Lockerd 284 This is in contrast to the mention of the ‘viaticum’ two lines earlier [in T. S. Eliot's poem ‘Animula’]—the final reception of Communion being the way-bread which makes death a union and integration rather than a division and disintegration. 2003 D. B. Hart in R. A. Kereszty 151 Christ is, then, both the Way for us and the waybread that sustains us. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.1eOEn.21954 |
