rufi-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rufi-.

Etymology: < scientific Latin rufi-, combining form (in e.g. ruficornis : see ruficornate adj. at sense 1) of classical Latin rūfus red (see rufous adj.); compare -i- connective. Compare rufo- comb. form.Chiefly found in borrowings and adaptations of scientific Latin, French, and German words, as exemplified below. Compare French rufi- and German rufi-, formations in both of which are found from at least the mid 19th cent.

1. Botany and Zoology. Used to form adjectives describing animals and plants that have reddish parts.

† ruficarpous adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + -carpous comb. form, after scientific Latin ruficarpa (1807 as a specific epithet)] Obsolete rare having reddish fruit.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/1 Having fruit of a ruddy colour, as the Bauhinia ruficarpa: ruficarpous.

† ruficaudate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + caudate adj., after scientific Latin ruficaudis (1775 as a specific name)] Obsolete rare red-tailed.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/1 Having a red tail, as the Platyrhynchus ruficaudatus: ruficaudate.

† ruficornate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + classical Latin cornū, literally ‘horn’ (see cornu n.) + -ate suffix², after scientific Latin ruficornis (1758 as a specific name)] Obsolete rare having reddish antennae.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/2 Having fallow or reddish yellow antennæ, as the Tabanus ruficornis: ruficornate.

† rufigastrate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + ancient Greek γαστρ-, γαστήρ stomach (see -gaster comb. form) + -ate suffix², after scientific Latin rufigaster (1787 as a specific name)] Obsolete rare having a reddish belly.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/2 Having a ruddy-coloured belly, as the Sylvia rufigastra: rufigastrate.

† rufilabrate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + labrum n.¹ + -ate suffix², after post-classical Latin rufilabris (1803 or earlier)] Obsolete rare having a reddish lip.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/2 Having a ruddy lip, as the Elater rufilabris: rufilabrate.

2. Chemistry. Used to form names of red compounds.

ruficarmin n.

Brit.

/ˌruːfɪˈkɑːmɪn/

U.S.

/ˌrufəˈkɑrmən/

(also ruficarmine) [ < rufi- comb. form + carmine n. and adj., after German Ruficarmin (C. Liebermann & W. A. van Dorp 1872, in Ann. der Chem. u. Pharm. 163 117)] now rare a red substance obtained by heating carminic acid, said to have the formula C₁₆H₁₂O₆.

ΚΠ

1872 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 25 706 This body, which the authors call ruficarmin, is another product of the condensation of carmine-red.

1884 Amer. Naturalist 18 327 I hope later to try some coloring experiments with coccinin, ruficoccin, carmin red, and ruficarmin.

1918 A. G. Perkin & A. E. Everest Nat. Org. Colouring Matters i. 78 Ruficarmine, C₁₆H₁₂O₆, can be obtained, according to Liebermann and van Dorp, by heating carminic acid with water.

ruficoccin n.

Brit.

/ˌruːfɪˈkɒksɪn/

U.S.

/ˌrufəˈkɑksən/

[ < rufi- comb. form + coccin n., after German Ruficoccin (C. Liebermann & W. A. van Dorp 1871, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 4 656)] now rare a red-brown substance obtained by heating carminic acid, said to have the formula C₁₆H₁₀O₆.

ΚΠ

1871 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 24 913 This new colouring matter. which the authors call ruficoccin, is very sparingly soluble in cold water.

1892 A. Collin & W. Richardson tr. R. Nietzki Chem. Org. Dye-stuffs xv. 267 Ruficoccin is a brick-red powder, sparingly soluble in water and ether, easily soluble in alcohol.

1919 Color Trade Jrnl. Feb. 40/2 When carminic acid is heated to 390°F with water or with dilute hydrochloric acid,..an insoluble red product known as rufi-carmine or ruficoccin, is formed.

rufigallic adj.

Brit.

/ˌruːfɪˈɡalɪk/

U.S.

/ˌrufəˈɡælɪk/

[apparently < rufi- comb. form + gallic adj.², after French acide rufigallique (1849 or earlier) or German Rufigallussäure (1855 or earlier)] rufigallic acid n. a weakly acidic red crystalline substance obtained by heating gallic acid with acids.Systematic name: 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroxyanthraquinone; C₁₄H₈O₈.

ΚΠ

1856 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) 326 When dissolved in hot oil of vitriol, and precipitated from the cold solution by water, gallic acid is obtained in a peculiar form, called rufigallic acid, which is C₁₄H₄O₈.

1870 Nature 11 Aug. 308/1 Gallic acid..when heated with sulphuric acid, yields rufigallic acid, until now considered as C₇H₄O₄.

1955 Biochem. Jrnl. 59 479/1 Rufigallic acid and asperthecin decompose very rapidly in strongly alkaline solution.

2004 U.S. Patent 2004/0202930 5/2 Rufigallic acid is prepared according to the method of Robiquet..by condensing gallic acid in the concentrated sulfuric acid.

rufimoric adj.

Brit.

/ˌruːfɪˈmɔːrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌrufəˈmɔrɪk/

[ < rufi- comb. form + moric adj., after German Rufimorinsäure rufimoric acid (R. Wagner 1851, in Jrnl. f. prakt. Chem. 52 462)] now rare rufimoric acid n. a red acidic substance, not identified, obtained by heating morintannic acid (maclurin).

ΚΠ

1851 Chem. Gaz. 16 June 266 A brick-red amorphous mass separates, which has the property of yielding a magnificent carmine solution on being mixed with the smallest quantity of ammonia or potash. On account of this property, the author calls this substance rufimoric acid.

1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing v. 407 A solution of moritannic acid in sulphuric acid deposits, after having been allowed to stand for some time, a new acid called rufimoric.

1920 J. M. Matthews Applic. Dyestuffs xxi. 492 If the strong acid solution is allowed to stand for some days it deposits brick-red crystals of rufimoric acid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rufi-
释义	rufi-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rufi-. Etymology: < scientific Latin rufi-, combining form (in e.g. ruficornis : see ruficornate adj. at sense 1) of classical Latin rūfus red (see rufous adj.); compare -i- connective. Compare rufo- comb. form.Chiefly found in borrowings and adaptations of scientific Latin, French, and German words, as exemplified below. Compare French rufi- and German rufi-, formations in both of which are found from at least the mid 19th cent. 1. Botany and Zoology. Used to form adjectives describing animals and plants that have reddish parts. † ruficarpous adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + -carpous comb. form, after scientific Latin ruficarpa (1807 as a specific epithet)] Obsolete rare having reddish fruit.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/1 Having fruit of a ruddy colour, as the Bauhinia ruficarpa: ruficarpous. † ruficaudate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + caudate adj., after scientific Latin ruficaudis (1775 as a specific name)] Obsolete rare red-tailed.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/1 Having a red tail, as the Platyrhynchus ruficaudatus: ruficaudate. † ruficornate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + classical Latin cornū, literally ‘horn’ (see cornu n.) + -ate suffix², after scientific Latin ruficornis (1758 as a specific name)] Obsolete rare having reddish antennae.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/2 Having fallow or reddish yellow antennæ, as the Tabanus ruficornis: ruficornate. † rufigastrate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + ancient Greek γαστρ-, γαστήρ stomach (see -gaster comb. form) + -ate suffix², after scientific Latin rufigaster (1787 as a specific name)] Obsolete rare having a reddish belly.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/2 Having a ruddy-coloured belly, as the Sylvia rufigastra: rufigastrate. † rufilabrate adj. [ < rufi- comb. form + labrum n.¹ + -ate suffix², after post-classical Latin rufilabris (1803 or earlier)] Obsolete rare having a reddish lip.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1859 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1105/2 Having a ruddy lip, as the Elater rufilabris: rufilabrate. 2. Chemistry. Used to form names of red compounds. ruficarmin n. Brit. /ˌruːfɪˈkɑːmɪn/ , U.S. /ˌrufəˈkɑrmən/ (also ruficarmine) [ < rufi- comb. form + carmine n. and adj., after German Ruficarmin (C. Liebermann & W. A. van Dorp 1872, in Ann. der Chem. u. Pharm. 163 117)] now rare a red substance obtained by heating carminic acid, said to have the formula C₁₆H₁₂O₆. ΚΠ 1872 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 25 706 This body, which the authors call ruficarmin, is another product of the condensation of carmine-red. 1884 Amer. Naturalist 18 327 I hope later to try some coloring experiments with coccinin, ruficoccin, carmin red, and ruficarmin. 1918 A. G. Perkin & A. E. Everest Nat. Org. Colouring Matters i. 78 Ruficarmine, C₁₆H₁₂O₆, can be obtained, according to Liebermann and van Dorp, by heating carminic acid with water. ruficoccin n. Brit. /ˌruːfɪˈkɒksɪn/ , U.S. /ˌrufəˈkɑksən/ [ < rufi- comb. form + coccin n., after German Ruficoccin (C. Liebermann & W. A. van Dorp 1871, in Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges. 4 656)] now rare a red-brown substance obtained by heating carminic acid, said to have the formula C₁₆H₁₀O₆. ΚΠ 1871 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 24 913 This new colouring matter. which the authors call ruficoccin, is very sparingly soluble in cold water. 1892 A. Collin & W. Richardson tr. R. Nietzki Chem. Org. Dye-stuffs xv. 267 Ruficoccin is a brick-red powder, sparingly soluble in water and ether, easily soluble in alcohol. 1919 Color Trade Jrnl. Feb. 40/2 When carminic acid is heated to 390°F with water or with dilute hydrochloric acid,..an insoluble red product known as rufi-carmine or ruficoccin, is formed. rufigallic adj. Brit. /ˌruːfɪˈɡalɪk/ , U.S. /ˌrufəˈɡælɪk/ [apparently < rufi- comb. form + gallic adj.², after French acide rufigallique (1849 or earlier) or German Rufigallussäure (1855 or earlier)] rufigallic acid n. a weakly acidic red crystalline substance obtained by heating gallic acid with acids.Systematic name: 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroxyanthraquinone; C₁₄H₈O₈. ΚΠ 1856 W. Gregory Handbk. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) 326 When dissolved in hot oil of vitriol, and precipitated from the cold solution by water, gallic acid is obtained in a peculiar form, called rufigallic acid, which is C₁₄H₄O₈. 1870 Nature 11 Aug. 308/1 Gallic acid..when heated with sulphuric acid, yields rufigallic acid, until now considered as C₇H₄O₄. 1955 Biochem. Jrnl. 59 479/1 Rufigallic acid and asperthecin decompose very rapidly in strongly alkaline solution. 2004 U.S. Patent 2004/0202930 5/2 Rufigallic acid is prepared according to the method of Robiquet..by condensing gallic acid in the concentrated sulfuric acid. rufimoric adj. Brit. /ˌruːfɪˈmɔːrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌrufəˈmɔrɪk/ [ < rufi- comb. form + moric adj., after German Rufimorinsäure rufimoric acid (R. Wagner 1851, in Jrnl. f. prakt. Chem. 52 462)] now rare rufimoric acid n. a red acidic substance, not identified, obtained by heating morintannic acid (maclurin). ΚΠ 1851 Chem. Gaz. 16 June 266 A brick-red amorphous mass separates, which has the property of yielding a magnificent carmine solution on being mixed with the smallest quantity of ammonia or potash. On account of this property, the author calls this substance rufimoric acid. 1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing v. 407 A solution of moritannic acid in sulphuric acid deposits, after having been allowed to stand for some time, a new acid called rufimoric. 1920 J. M. Matthews Applic. Dyestuffs xxi. 492 If the strong acid solution is allowed to stand for some days it deposits brick-red crystals of rufimoric acid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1851
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