† Ruffinn.¹

Forms:

α. Middle English rofyn, Middle English rufin, Middle English 1600s–1700s ruffin, late Middle English ruffyn (in a late copy), 1700s ruffen; Scottish pre-1700 ruffyne, pre-1700 rufyn, pre-1700 rufyne, pre-1700 rwffyne, pre-1700 rwyffyne.

β. 1500s–1800s ruffian.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymons: proper name Rufon-, Rufo, Ruffon-, Ruffo.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Rufon-, Rufo (also Ruffon-, Ruffo; 10th cent. or earlier), the name (of uncertain origin) of a demon said to have been sent in the likeness of a dragon to devour St Margaret of Antioch in accounts of her life (compare early quots. at sense 1), with alteration of the ending perhaps after Middle English pet forms of male forenames in -in (as e.g. Robin (see robin n.¹), Dobbin (see dobbin n.), etc.). Compare (as the name of this demon in versions of the legend) Anglo-Norman Ruffon (early 12th cent.) and Old English Hrufum , Ruffus , and (reflecting the Latin accusative form) Rufonem (compare quots. OE, lOE at sense 1). Compare also ruffy n.¹In β. forms by association with ruffian n. (see discussion and compare β. forms at that entry). Sense 2 could alternatively be interpreted as an extended sense of ruffian n. (compare forms at that entry), developed as a result of semantic influence of examples at sense 1.

Obsolete.

1. (The name of) a devil or fiend.In quot. 1591 applied to a pagan god.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] > specific names of

Ruffinc1225

ragamuffinc1400

Tutivillusc1475

Modo1603

legiona1616

OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 124 Ic sende to þe Hrufum [L. Rufonem], minne broþur, on dracan gelicnesse, to þam þæt he þe forswulge.

lOE St. Margaret (Corpus Cambr.) (1994) 162 Ic minne broþor Rufonem to þe gesænde on dracan gelice, þæt he sceolde þe fordon.]

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 30 Þu..art mi broðeres bone, Rufines [c1225 Royal Ruffines; L. Rufonem], þe rehe[st] & te read-wisest of all þeo in helle.

a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 197 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 67 Ruffin [L. Rufonem] was my broþer, þat tou here sclowe.

c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 75 So hard Rofyn rogud his rolle Þat he smot with his choule Aȝayns the marbys stone.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3715 Þan Rufyne, his famylier,..Sperit þe causse of his langour.

1591 (?a1425) Moses & the Law (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 87 I have godes wonder fell; both Ruffyn and Reynell will worke right as I them tell.

1600 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2013) 11 Ruffyn [1607 MS. Harl. 2124 ruffian]..loke that thou keepe mankinde from blesse that I and my fellowes fell downe for aye.

2. cant. In specific sense (frequently with capital initial): the Devil, Satan. Chiefly in the ruffin cly you: ‘the devil take you’. archaic in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun]

devileOE

Beelzebubc950

the foul ghosteOE

SatanOE

warlockOE

SatanasOE

worsea1200

unwinea1225

wondc1250

quedea1275

pucka1300

serpenta1300

dragon1340

shrew1362

Apollyon1382

the god of this worldc1384

Mahoundc1400

leviathan1412

worsta1425

old enemyc1449

Ruffin1567

dismal1570

Plotcocka1578

the Wicked One1582

goodman1603

Mahu1603

foul thief1609

somebody1609

legiona1616

Lord of Flies1622

walliman1629

shaitan1638

Old Nicka1643

Nick1647

unsel?1675

old gentleman1681

old boy1692

the gentleman in black1693

deuce1694

Black Spy1699

the vicious one1713

worricow1719

Old Roger1725

Lord of the Flies1727

Simmie1728

Old Scratch1734

Old Harry1777

Old Poker1784

Auld Hornie1786

old (auld), ill thief1789

old one1790

little-good1821

Tom Walker1833

bogy1840

diabolarch1845

Old Ned1859

iniquity1899

α.

1608 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. C2 The Ruffin cly the nab of the Harman beck.

a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush iii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ll4/1 And let the Quire Cuffin: And Herman Beck strine, and trine to the Ruffin.

1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew ii. sig. F3^v I sweare by the Ruffin, That we are assaulted by a quire Cuffin.

1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 20 Wapping thou I know dost love, Else the Ruffin cly thee Mort.

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Ruffin, the devil; may the ruffin nab the cuffin queer..may the devil take the justice.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 405 The ruffin cly the nab of Stephen Hand as give me the lady coppaleen.

β. 1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) Peddelars Frenche sig. Giii^v To the ruffian, to the deuyll the ruffian cly thee, the deuell take thee.1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 174 A rarer beast in England, then a Woolfe; and a straunger monster in Print, then the diuine Ruffian, that intituled himselfe, Flagellum Principum.1608 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. C3^v The ruffian cly the ghost of the Harmanbeck.1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) at word Ruffian [1785 (ed. 1) Ruffin], the devil... Ruffian cook ruffian, who scalded the Devil in his feathers; a saying of a bad cook.1870 All Year Round 5 Mar. 321/2 Almost enough to make us take a rattler..and drive to a country where the ruffian (his Satanic majesty) is not so present.1884 G. A. Townsend Entailed Hat xii. 120 The hardy stranger had recovered himself and..drawn a dirk-knife. ‘The ruffian cly you!’ he bellowed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ruffin
释义	† Ruffinn.¹ Forms: α. Middle English rofyn, Middle English rufin, Middle English 1600s–1700s ruffin, late Middle English ruffyn (in a late copy), 1700s ruffen; Scottish pre-1700 ruffyne, pre-1700 rufyn, pre-1700 rufyne, pre-1700 rwffyne, pre-1700 rwyffyne. β. 1500s–1800s ruffian. Origin: From a proper name. Etymons: proper name Rufon-, Rufo, Ruffon-, Ruffo. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Rufon-, Rufo (also Ruffon-, Ruffo; 10th cent. or earlier), the name (of uncertain origin) of a demon said to have been sent in the likeness of a dragon to devour St Margaret of Antioch in accounts of her life (compare early quots. at sense 1), with alteration of the ending perhaps after Middle English pet forms of male forenames in -in (as e.g. Robin (see robin n.¹), Dobbin (see dobbin n.), etc.). Compare (as the name of this demon in versions of the legend) Anglo-Norman Ruffon (early 12th cent.) and Old English Hrufum , Ruffus , and (reflecting the Latin accusative form) Rufonem (compare quots. OE, lOE at sense 1). Compare also ruffy n.¹In β. forms by association with ruffian n. (see discussion and compare β. forms at that entry). Sense 2 could alternatively be interpreted as an extended sense of ruffian n. (compare forms at that entry), developed as a result of semantic influence of examples at sense 1. Obsolete. 1. (The name of) a devil or fiend.In quot. 1591 applied to a pagan god. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] > specific names of Ruffinc1225 ragamuffinc1400 Tutivillusc1475 Modo1603 legiona1616 OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 124 Ic sende to þe Hrufum [L. Rufonem], minne broþur, on dracan gelicnesse, to þam þæt he þe forswulge. lOE St. Margaret (Corpus Cambr.) (1994) 162 Ic minne broþor Rufonem to þe gesænde on dracan gelice, þæt he sceolde þe fordon.] c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 30 Þu..art mi broðeres bone, Rufines [c1225 Royal Ruffines; L. Rufonem], þe rehe[st] & te read-wisest of all þeo in helle. a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 197 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 67 Ruffin [L. Rufonem] was my broþer, þat tou here sclowe. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 75 So hard Rofyn rogud his rolle Þat he smot with his choule Aȝayns the marbys stone. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 3715 Þan Rufyne, his famylier,..Sperit þe causse of his langour. 1591 (?a1425) Moses & the Law (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 87 I have godes wonder fell; both Ruffyn and Reynell will worke right as I them tell. 1600 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2013) 11 Ruffyn [1607 MS. Harl. 2124 ruffian]..loke that thou keepe mankinde from blesse that I and my fellowes fell downe for aye. 2. cant. In specific sense (frequently with capital initial): the Devil, Satan. Chiefly in the ruffin cly you: ‘the devil take you’. archaic in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] devileOE Beelzebubc950 the foul ghosteOE SatanOE warlockOE SatanasOE worsea1200 unwinea1225 wondc1250 quedea1275 pucka1300 serpenta1300 dragon1340 shrew1362 Apollyon1382 the god of this worldc1384 Mahoundc1400 leviathan1412 worsta1425 old enemyc1449 Ruffin1567 dismal1570 Plotcocka1578 the Wicked One1582 goodman1603 Mahu1603 foul thief1609 somebody1609 legiona1616 Lord of Flies1622 walliman1629 shaitan1638 Old Nicka1643 Nick1647 unsel?1675 old gentleman1681 old boy1692 the gentleman in black1693 deuce1694 Black Spy1699 the vicious one1713 worricow1719 Old Roger1725 Lord of the Flies1727 Simmie1728 Old Scratch1734 Old Harry1777 Old Poker1784 Auld Hornie1786 old (auld), ill thief1789 old one1790 little-good1821 Tom Walker1833 bogy1840 diabolarch1845 Old Ned1859 iniquity1899 α. 1608 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. C2 The Ruffin cly the nab of the Harman beck. a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush iii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ll4/1 And let the Quire Cuffin: And Herman Beck strine, and trine to the Ruffin. 1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew ii. sig. F3^v I sweare by the Ruffin, That we are assaulted by a quire Cuffin. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 20 Wapping thou I know dost love, Else the Ruffin cly thee Mort. 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Ruffin, the devil; may the ruffin nab the cuffin queer..may the devil take the justice. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 405 The ruffin cly the nab of Stephen Hand as give me the lady coppaleen. β. 1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) Peddelars Frenche sig. Giii^v To the ruffian, to the deuyll the ruffian cly thee, the deuell take thee.1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 174 A rarer beast in England, then a Woolfe; and a straunger monster in Print, then the diuine Ruffian, that intituled himselfe, Flagellum Principum.1608 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. C3^v The ruffian cly the ghost of the Harmanbeck.1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) at word Ruffian [1785 (ed. 1) Ruffin], the devil... Ruffian cook ruffian, who scalded the Devil in his feathers; a saying of a bad cook.1870 All Year Round 5 Mar. 321/2 Almost enough to make us take a rattler..and drive to a country where the ruffian (his Satanic majesty) is not so present.1884 G. A. Townsend Entailed Hat xii. 120 The hardy stranger had recovered himself and..drawn a dirk-knife. ‘The ruffian cly you!’ he bellowed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † ruffinn.² Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: ruffe n. Etymology: Apparently < ruffe n., with alteration of the ending perhaps after either Ruffin n.¹ or β. forms at ruffian n. and adj. Obsolete. rare. = ruffe n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > philomachus pugnax (ruff) ruffin1596 oxen-and-kine1602 shore sandpiper1785 fighting sandpiper- 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. xi. sig. L3 Yar..Brought a present ioyfully Of his owne fish..Whose like none else could shew, the which they Ruffins call. View more context for this quotation 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia iv. iii. 83 Dace, Roach, Ruffin, Eeles. 1854 C. J. Palmer in H. Manship Hist. Great Yarmouth 305 The ruffin is a species of perch (Perca cernua,) having a remarkable line drawn down the back, the tail and fins being spotted black. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.¹c1225n.²1596
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† Ruffinn.1

† ruffinn.2

† Ruffinn.¹

† ruffinn.²