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单词 marshalsea
释义

marshalsean.

Brit. /ˈmɑːʃlsi/, U.S. /ˈmɑrʃəlsi/
Forms: see marshalcy n.; also late Middle English marchalcie, late Middle English marchallsy, late Middle English marchasye, late Middle English marschalse, late Middle English marschalsi, late Middle English merchalsye, 1500s marchese, 1500s mareshelsey, 1500s marsalsay, 1500s marshalseye, 1500s marshellsay, 1500s marshialse, 1500s marshialshy, 1500s–1600s marshashey, 1500s– marshalsea, 1600s marshall sea, 1600s marshallsey, 1600s marshalsee, 1600s martialsea, 1600s martial sea, 1600s martialsie, 1600s merchciallcy, 1700s marshel sete. Frequently with capital initial.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: marshalcy n.
Etymology: Originally a variant of marshalcy n., now distinguished in form in the senses below (for Anglo-Norman, French, and post-classical Latin parallels to these senses, see marshalcy n.).Sometimes in plural in the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in sense 2a (perhaps with reference to both court and prison together: see quot. 1639 at sense 1a). Compare Middle French marchaucies (c1380 in Froissart), French Mareschaussées (Cotgrave, 1611) Marshalsea prison. Forms in -sea perhaps represent a reanalysis by folk etymology as if < marshal n. + sea , variant of see n.1 (compare word division in the forms marshall sea and martial sea in quots. 1639 at sense 1a, 1660 at sense 1a). The form marshel sete in quot. 1707 at sense 3 is probably after seat n. (marchdies and milisheha also occur in the same source, apparently as confused forms of the present word).
Now historical.
1.
a. A court formerly held before the steward and the knight marshal of the royal household of England (later before a barrister appointed by the knight marshal), originally to hear cases between the monarch's servants, but afterwards with wider jurisdiction. Also more fully Marshalsea court. Cf. palace court n. 2.The court was abolished under the provisions of the County Courts Act, 1849.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > courts with other specific jurisdictions
marshalseaa1400
oyer and terminer1469
High Commission1581
jail-delivery1612
Court of (the) Verge1647
palace court1685
Court of Claims1691
Industrial Court1852
brewster sessions1883
traffic court1896
family court1917
a1400 in K. W. Engeroff Untersuchung ‘Usages of Winchester’ (1914) 64 Euerych bakere..sholde make whitbred, and wel y-bake, vp-on þe a-syse of þe marchasye.
c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 40 (MED) Bailyues, schereues, and seriauntes..doþ enditen..pore men..and dryueþ hem to assyses and to marchalsie for to wynne of hem wrongfully.
a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 24 Allso leeful be hit to the Bakers..to com hidur and sell hur brede, so that hit haue the weight as the kynges marchallsy wull.
?1542 H. Brinkelow Complaynt Roderyck Mors xi. sig. C6 The court of the marshyalsee [?1548 reads marshialse].
a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 25 The Marshalsey for matters within the Verge, or limits assigned to the Kings House, or Palace.
1639 in Verney Papers (1853) 215 I praye lett mee heare how businesses goes att the marshall seas, boat[h] in the prison and in the courte.
1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 146 In the Case of Martial sea, and in the Common Pleas.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 76 The court of the marshalsea, and the palace court at Westminster, though two distinct courts, are frequently confounded together.
1773 Salkeld's Rep. Cases King's Bench (ed. 5) 2 sig. 3Y2v This must have been to the Palace Court, where neither Plaintiff nor Defendant must be of the King's Household; but, in a Suit in the Marshalsea both must be of the King's Household.
1827 W. Buckley (title) The jurisdiction and practice of the Marshalsea & Palace Courts, with tables of costs and charges, etc.
1849 Act 12 & 13 Vict. c. 101 §14 From and after the thirty-first day of December 1849 all the power, authority, and jurisdiction of the said Court of the Marshalsea, and of the said Court of the Palace of the Queen at Westminster..shall cease and determine.
1874 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 37 31 Twelve officers of the late Marshalsea Court, received in pensions 1,482 l. a-year.
1913 Amer. Hist. Rev. 18 773 Young noblemen..who indulged in private conflicts found their way from the London magistrates or the Marshalsea..to Star Chamber, where they were properly fined.
1978–9 18th-cent. Stud. 12 207 Fielding wrote asking the duke's interest to obtain him the office of Judge of the Marshalsea.
1988 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 48 446 Havering tenants displayed no liking for it [sc. Westminster]. They preferred the court of the Marshalsea.
b. The body of soldiers or servants attached to the marshalsea court. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > marshal of King's house > department of
marshalseac1400
marshalcy1601
c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 209 (MED) Þe childerne, þat were put in hostages..folwede þe Kyngus Marchalcie..fetrede in stronge yrenes.
2.
a. (The name of) a prison in Southwark, London (originally the prison of the Court of the Marshalsea), under the control of the knight marshal, and in later years used for the imprisonment of debtors (abolished in 1842). Also Marshalsea prison. Usually with the.The exact date of the foundation of the prison is unknown; it existed in the 14th cent., although the knight marshal is known to have kept prisoners in Southwark in the 13th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > specific prisons
King's Bench1427
marshalsea1436
tunc1503
chateleta1513
clinkc1530
the Fleet1530
Bocardo1535
bastille1561
Poultry Compter1644
Whit1673
the Moor1869
the Ville1903
the Scrubs1923
H-block1976
Mandela University1986
1311 in J. E. B. Gover et al. Place-names Surrey (1934) 31 Marescalcie.
1427 in E. F. Jacob & H. C. Johnson Reg. Henry Chichele (1937) II. 357 Lego incarceratis [in] hiis quinque carceribus videlicet Ludgate, Newgate, Flete, Kyngesbenche et Marchalsie.
1428 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 78 The prisons of Ludgate, Marchalsie, Kyngesbenche.]
1436 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 106 To the Prisoners of the Marchalse.
c1500 God spede Plough (Lansd.) 77 in W. W. Skeat Pierce Ploughman's Crede (1873) 71 Then commeth the tipped-staves for the Marshalse, And saye they haue prisoners mo than Inough.
1501 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 89 The prisoners in Newgate, Ludgate, to the Kyngs Benche, and to the Marshalsy.
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 4th Serm. sig. Mvi Thre wekes sessions at newe gate, and fourthnighte Sessions at the Mershialshye [1549 STC 15274.3 Marshialsy].
1554 H. Hilarie Resurreccion of Masse sig. Bviv A sorte of the preachers are caste in pryson Some in the towreland some in the marshalseas.
c1555 Manifest Detection Diceplay (Vele) C iij b Your fine chets..made both in ye kings bench & in ye marshalsea.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 63 He was send unto the Marchese.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 84 Ile finde A Marshallsey, shall hold ye play these two Monthes. View more context for this quotation
1641 W. Prynne Antipathie 239 He was committed to the Marshashey among Rogues and murtherers.
1654 T. Warren Vnbeleevers 236 We..must commit his Minor to the Marshalsie as a Rebel against reason.
1717 E. Ward Brit. Wonders 35 Criminals of Low'r Degree, Fill'd Newgate, Fleet, and Marshalsea.
1769 I. Bickerstaff Hypocrite i. v. 14 Say I am gone to Newgate, and the Marshalsea, to distribute alms.
1813 Gentleman's Mag. i. 480 The Southern boundary wall of the Marshalsea Prison.
1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xxxii. 281 The Marshal of the Marshalsea..had got him hard and fast.
1935 W. E. Hooper (title) The history of Newgate and the Old Bailey, and a survey of the Fleet prison and Fleet marriages, the Marshalsea and other old London jails, etc.
1952 Shakespeare Q. 3 288 The production brought to mind the rich Shakespearian associations of Southwark, where stood the Globe, the Swan, the Rose, and also the Marshalsea prison.
1996 Bookseller 27 Sept. 18/1 There is a general belief that people who can't pay their creditors must be cured by a short spell in the Marshalsea.
b. Used esp. as the name of certain other prisons; gen. a prison.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun]
quarternOE
prisona1200
jailc1275
lodgec1290
galleya1300
chartrea1325
ward1338
keepingc1384
prison-house1419
lying-house1423
javel1483
tollbooth1488
kidcotec1515
clinkc1530
warding-place1571
the hangman's budget1589
Newgate1592
gehenna1594
Lob's pound1597
caperdewsie1599
footman's inn1604
cappadochio1607
pena1640
marshalsea1652
log-house1662
bastille1663
naskin1673
state prison1684
tronk1693
stone-doublet1694
iron or stone doublet1698
college1699
nask1699
quod1699
shop1699
black hole1707
start1735
coop1785
blockhouse1796
stone jug1796
calaboose1797
factory1806
bull-pen1809
steel1811
jigger1812
jug1815
kitty1825
rock pile1830
bughouse1842
zindan1844
model1845
black house1846
tench1850
mill1851
stir1851
hoppet1855
booby hatch1859
caboose1865
cooler1872
skookum house1873
chokey1874
gib1877
nick1882
choker1884
logs1888
booby house1894
big house1905
hoosegow1911
can1912
detention camp1916
pokey1919
slammer1952
joint1953
slam1960
1652 Notable & Pleasant Hist. Knights of Blade 1 'Tis a profession which exposeth them to all sorts of hazards and perils, as to Prisons, Marshalsees, Sessions; and at last to the Metropolitan Sessions of the Old Baily.
1701 Deed, Order, & Will Bk., York Co., Va. in C. R. Lounsbury Illustr. Gloss. Early Southern Archit. & Landscape (1994) 226 The prisoners now in the marshallcy or goale of this County as debtors.
1729 House of Commons Resolution Nov. in J. T. Gilbert Hist. City of Dublin (1859) I. vii. 269 John Hawkins, Keeper of His Majesty's gaol of Newgate, and Sheriff's Marshalsea of the city of Dublin.
1857 Bankruptcy & Insolvency (Ireland) Act 20 & 21 Vict. c. 60 §240 Great expense has resulted from persons in the Four Courts Marshalsea receiving the Pauper Allowance there without any effort to obtain their discharge.
1907 S. A. O. Fitzpatrick Dublin vi. 212 The Four Courts Marshalsea was built about 1580.
3. In England: the statutory parish contribution to the county rate, levied from 1597 to 1739, for the relief of poor prisoners in the Marshalsea and King's Bench prison in London. Also (in extended use): any of various county rates levied for other purposes, such as the maintenance of houses of correction. Later as Marshalsea money (cf. jail money n. at jail n. Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > local or municipal taxes or dues > [noun] > other local or municipal dues or taxes
shot and lotlOE
burghal-pennyc1177
scot1227
scat1577
turnsilver1578
rogue money1585
town charge1592
marshalsea1657
by-law1691
tensership1701
statute money1792
corporate tax1824
UBR1985
1657 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 309 A sesment of five shillings the pound be forthwith leveyed and collected for payment of the arreares for the jaole and marshalsey and other necessarye repaires towards the church.
1707 in F. D. Price Wigginton Constables' Bk. (1971) 26 Marshel sete and house of coreteon fore payes.
1731 in F. D. Price Wigginton Constables' Bk. (1971) 44 For carriing in the marchall mony..0 1 6.]
1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 48 A reasonable allowance to the constable..to be paid out of the gaol and marshalsea money.
1802 in F. D. Price Wigginton Constables' Bk. (1971) 99 28th of Octbr, Paid five years Marshalsea Money to Rosman.
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Marshalsea-money, the county rate.
1893 M. H. A. Stapleton Three Oxfordshire Parishes 278Marshalsea money’ continued to be paid by the overseers until about the year 1827... Then it seems to have merged into the county rate.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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