| 释义 |
roodn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian rōde staff, gallows, twig, rod, measure of land (West Frisian roede , roe twig, rod, rod used for measuring, measure of land), Old Dutch ruoda rod, stick (Middle Dutch rōde , roode , roede , ruede , roe twig, rod, rod used for measuring, measure of length, measure of land, measure of capacity (especially for wine), staff, pole, penis, (only in the genitive phrase der crucen roede ‘the rod of the cross’) crossbar of the cross on which Jesus suffered, Dutch roede , roe ), Old Saxon ruoda the cross upon which Jesus suffered, (also in form rōda ) rod (Middle Low German rōde , roede , rūde twig, shoot of a plant, rod, staff, pole, rod used for measuring, measure of length, measure of land, measure of capacity (especially for wine), German regional (Low German) rōde , rōe ), Old High German ruota , ruoda rod, rod used for measuring, staff, pole (Middle High German ruote , rūte , German Rute , †Ruthe twig, rod, rod used for measuring, measure of length, measure of land, penis), Old Icelandic róða (feminine), róði (masculine) rod, (after English) the cross on which Jesus died (also in extended use in sense ‘statue of a saint’), Swedish regional roda , roa staff, rod, pole (1587); further etymology unknown. Compare ( < Middle Low German) Swedish rode , Danish rode , both in sense ‘measure of length’. It has been suggested that the word may be < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin rētae (plural noun) trees standing on the bank of a river or projecting from a river (in an isolated attestation in Gellius 11.17.4) and also (with suffixation) Old Russian ratišče (1499), Old Russian ratovišče (16th cent.; Russian (regional) ratovišče ), Czech ratiště shaft. However, this suggestion is not widely accepted, and the Latin noun may in fact show an early borrowing < a different Germanic word. Compare rod n.1, with which the word shows both semantic and formal overlap.In Old English usually a strong feminine (rōd ); a weak feminine by-form (rōde ) is occasionally attested. (Where forms with final -e occur as the first element of compounds in Old English, it is sometimes difficult to determine whether this shows attributive use of a disyllabic stem form or an inflected genitive form modifying the second word: compare e.g. rood-token n. at Compounds 1.) In Old English the word is very rare in its original sense of ‘stick of wood’, etc., and attested only in technical uses, e.g. ‘a (fuller's) staff, a (sail-)yard’ (see sense 1). It is the usual Old English translation equivalent of classical Latin crux (see cross n.) in its specific Christian senses (see branch II.). For variation between forms with long and short stem vowel (chiefly in sense 7) see discussion at rod n.1 The unusual form reed (one isolated attestation in the rustic dialect of Gammer Gurtons Nedle: see quot.) is unexplained. With Old English seglrōd sailyard (see sense 1) compare Old Saxon segalrōda , Old High German segalruota . In sense 9 after the corresponding use of Middle Dutch roede; compare Middle Low German rōde . The English word was also borrowed into post-classical Latin and Anglo-Norman (chiefly in senses 6 and 7a); compare post-classical Latin (in British sources) roda measure of land area equal to 40 square rods (frequently from a1128–1586; also in Scottish sources as ruda (1468, 1558)), measure of length (frequently from c1265), measure of wine (from 1371), cross (1395), Anglo-Norman rode measure of length and area, crop produced from a rood of land (early 14th cent. or earlier). †I. A piece of wood. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > club or stick > [noun] > pole or staff OE (Julius) 22 June 126 Ðone Iacobum Iudęa leorneras ofslogan for Cristes læþþum mid webwyrhtan rode. OE 83 Swa þa mæstrapas men ne cuðon, ne ða seglrode geseon meahton, eorðbuende.., hu afæstnod wæs feldhusa mæst. II. Chiefly Christian Church. society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > [noun] > crucifixion > cross OE 191 Forþon þe he [sc. Crist] me of eorþan to heofenum laþaþ, þy sceal min rod onwended beon. OE (Claud.) xl. 19 Æfter þam hæt Farao þe ahon on rode [L. in cruce]. OE (Corpus Cambr. 196) 30 Nov. 260 On Patria þære ceastre he [sc. St Andrew] wæs ahangen on rode. ?a1160 (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 þe Iudeus of Noruuic bohton an Cristen cild beforen Estren & pineden him alle þe ilce pining ðat ure Drihten was pined & on Lang Fridæi him on rode hengen. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 99 Seint andrew machte þolien þet þe harde rode hefe him towart heouene. c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 75 in C. Horstmann (1887) 3 Huy founden roden þreo þo huy hadden i-dolue longe. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 10973 (MED) Þe nexte ȝer þer after, giwes a child in drowe At lincolne, þat het hue, & in þe rode him slowe. c1400 (?c1380) l. 96 Þaȝ I be nummen in ninniue and naked dispoyled, On rode rwly to-rent. 1767 C. Smart tr. Horace Satires i. viii, in tr. Horace (new ed.) III. 109 The waxen was in suppliant mood, As bound to perish on the rood. 1826 J. Baillie i. ii. 11 To crucify a babe, And, while it yet hangs shrieking on the rood, Fall down and worship it! 3. society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > cross society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > crucifixion > instruments of crucifixion > the cross OE (Northumbrian) xix. 25 Stabant autem iuxta crucem iesu mater eius et soror matris eius : gestodun uutudlice neh uel æt ðær rode hælendes mode[r] ðæs uel his & suoester moderes his. OE 97 We sceolan weorðian þæt halige sigetacen Cristes rode..& biddon ure synna forgifnessa ealle ætsomne, swa he for us ealle þrowade on ðære rode. OE Ælfric (Julius) (1881) I. 152 Mid lacum, þæt is mid haligdome of þæs Hælendes rode, and of Marian reafe. c1175 ( (Bodl. 343) (1894) 2 Her onginnæð to sæcgæn be þam treowe þe ðeo rode wæs of iwroht. a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 102 in A. S. M. Clark (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 138 He bringet þe rode up on his rug þat stod on munt caluarie. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) 5569 Þa Rode þe Crist ure Lauerd alisden on þes middelærd. c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 24 in C. Horstmann (1887) 1 (MED) He seide me..to burie þe rode op-on Caluarie hulle. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 1669 Bi þat blisful barn þat bouȝt us on þe rode. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 427 Þe foure irene nayles þat Crist was i-nayled with to þe rode. a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann (1881) 2nd Ser. 128 (MED) Saint Eline..Fand þe cors [read cros] þat men cald þe rode. c1450 (Coventry) (1973) 233 The paleis of Surrie nought ferre thense, The holie church roode is þere nouthe. ?1515 (de Worde) sig. A.ii Whan she sawe her sone on the rode The swerde of sorowe gaue that lady wounde. c1600 A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 6 When he wes rent vpon the rude He boght belevers with his blude. 1623 J. Abbot i. 30 Iesvs on the Rood, With armes extended, shed his pretious bloud. 1740 E. Wardlaw (new ed.) xx. 21 Make Orisons to him that sav'd Our Souls upon the Rood. 1765 C. Smart tr. cxxxviii. 142/1 The Lord, which dy'd upon the rood, Shall with my soul his peace conclude. 1841 W. Wordsworth in R. H. Horne 42 God,..that died upon the rood, From thee and thy base throat, keep all that's good. 1868 W. Morris i. 336 Good hope I have Of help from Him that died upon the rood. 1920 J. Hebblethwaite 92 O God, let in a surging flood, A streaming of the holy blood That flowed so freely on the rood. 1959 A. J. McVan tr. A. Machado in 161 No song nor love I could Give to that Jesus on the rood, But to Him who walked on the sea. 2005 S. L. Keefer in D. F. Johnson & E. M. Treharne ii. 27 Christ's death on the Rood must..be understood as a mystery, of necessity challenging the Christian reader to reassess it from a new angle, and to consider the complexities of the meaning of redemption. OE (Northumbrian) xxvii. 42 Si rex israhel est, descendat nunc de cruce : gif cynig israhela is astige nu of rode. OE (Julius) 25 Mar. 44 Ða æfter twa ond ðritegum geara..wæs Crist ahangen on rode. c1225 (?OE) (Worcester) (Fragm. B) l. 27 Mid his reade blode þet he ȝeat on rode. Þo þu we[re] ifreod to farene into heouene. c1300 (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1901) l. 11 Ihesu crist was don on rode, And þolede deþ for vre gode. c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 1914 Þilke lord þat died on rode Þe blisse, & saue. c1400 (?c1380) 705 (MED) He on rode þat blody dyed. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) ix. l. 275 ‘Mercy,’ he said; ‘for him that deit on rud’. c1500 (?a1437) (1939) cxxxix Be him that starf on rude. 1567 (1897) 131 On Rude, thow sched thy blude. 1575 J. Rolland ii. f. 25v Als I the pray that for me deit on Rude. 1603 (Charteris) (1920) 43 ‘That’, quod the king, ‘be him that deid on Rude.’ 1722 W. Hamilton ix. ii. 225 Mercy he cry'd, for him that dy'd on Rood, To Mend my Life. 1823 T. Roscoe tr. J. C. L. de Sismondi III. xxiv. 189 The curse of God who died on rood, was on that sinner's head. 1868 T. Westwood 64 Once in the flesh, these eyne Beheld the Christ on Rood. 1906 C. M. Doughty II. vii. 121 Then did long sorrow wring their faithful hearts, Until, like lily, folds the Lord, on rood, His virgin head, and passed His suffering flesh! 1922 J. Joyce ii. xii. [Cyclops] 309 He conjured them by Him who died on rood that they should well and truly try and true deliverance make. the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > [noun] society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] > trial or affliction to be borne OE (Northumbrian) xvi. 24 Si quis uult post me uenire..tollat crucem suam et sequatur me : gif hua wil æfter meh gecyme..genimma roda uel unhælo his & gefylgeð me. lOE (Corpus Cambr. 303) (1980) 118 He gewissode þa gebroðra..: hu hi sceolden beren Cristes rode uppan heora hrycge; þæt is hu hie scolden forhæfdnessa hæbben and þa soðe lufe healden. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 5608 He take hiss rode. & bere itt rihht. & follȝhe swa min bisne. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 147 He munegeð us an oðer rode to berene þet is inemned..fleises lensing. 1837 C. J. Latrobe xxviii. 112 His hardened blood, Which he, for Christ's sake, shed upon the rood Of martyrdom, ere many a rolling sun, Now should stream forth afresh as erst it flowed! 1892 W. B. Yeats 93 (title) To the rose upon the rood of time. 1916 J. M. Plunkett 68 Dreamt Truth that is to waking Truth a gloss, Dream-love that is to the life of loves that seem To bear the rood of love's eternal theme, The strength that brings to Calvary their cross. 2006 R. F. Storey 201 The feeling of martyrdom that emanates from many of the self-crucified on the rood of poststructuralist indeterminacy. 4. society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > cross > crucifix > in church society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol > specific symbols > cross OE Rec. Gifts of Bp. Leofric to Exeter Cathedral (Bodl.) in A. J. Robertson (1956) 226 He hæfð þider ynn gedon ii biscoproda & ii mycele gebonede roda butan oðrum litlum silfrenum swurrodum. lOE (Laud) anno 1083 Sume..scotedon adunweard mid arewan toweard þam haligdome swa þet on þære rode þe stod bufon þam weofode sticodon on mænige arewan. lOE (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1102 Þeofas..breokan þa mynstre of Burh and þærinne naman mycel to gode on golde & on seolfre, þet wæron roden & calicen & candelsticcan. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) 11029 Þe king nom ane rode [c1300 an halidom]. c1300 St. Mary of Egypt (Laud) l. 77 in C. Horstmann (1887) 263 (MED) Heo ȝeode In bi-fore þe rode. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 6594 He wende him uorþ to chirche & biuore þe rode com. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. v. 145 (MED) Synne shal I lete..And bidde þe rode of bromholm bringe me out of dette. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vii. 93 Be þe rode of chestre [B. Rode of Lukes], I wile worsshipe þerewiþ treuþe in my lyue. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 194 It is..idil forto trotte to..the rode of the north dore at London rather than to ech other roode. 1496–7 in H. Littlehales (1905) 224 Item, to the karvare..for mendyng the Roode, the Crosse, þe Mary & Iohn. 1587 D. Fenner sig. Piv All Roodes, all Images of Saintes.., should..be defaced. 1594 J. Lyly v. iii. sig. H2 Get you gone, or I sweare by the roodes bodie Ile laye you by the heeles. c1613 ( in T. Stapleton (1839) 179 That wold be the most joyfull tydings unto me.., as knoweth the blessed Rode of Rodeborne, who save you in His blessed keepinge. 1625 E. Pagitt (1635) 22 Vouchsafe to blesse this Rood of the Crosse, that [etc.]. 1714 A. Pope Chaucer's Wife of Bath in R. Steele 16 He..now lies buried underneath a Rood, Fair to be seen, and rear'd of honest Wood. 1751 S. Whatley at Wheathamstead Here are the remains of the popish image called the rood, which is turn'd into the clerk's desk. 1812 J. Brady II. 154 One of the most famous of these Crucifixes was found at Boxley Abbey in Kent, styled the Rood of Grace. 1853 J. Ruskin II. iv. 70 The great rood that crosses the church before the altar, raised in bright blazonry against the shadow of the apse. 1873 W. H. Dixon III. xvi. xi. 243 Praying and going on a pilgrimage to shrine and rood. 1938 H. M. Smith i. iii. 115 Nearly all of them [sc. guilds] kept lights burning before some image or before the rood in the church. 1960 W. Miller (1961) xxii. 193 The old man climbed the ladder and replaced the rood on its iron hook. 1978 J. T. White xii. 142 The rood has gone, burnt at the Reformation, but the church retains much of interest. 2003 R. C. Rath iii. 99 On the floor was the chancel-screen, topped with a crucifix or rood. society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > cross > figure or representation of OE tr. Felix (Vesp.) (1909) ii. 110 Þa aras he and hine sylfne getacnode insegle Cristes rode [L. salutari sigillo]. OE Royal Charter: William I to Archbishops, Bishops, & Others, supporting Rights of Abbot Baldwin in D. C. Douglas (1932) 54 Ic..bebead þis gewrit to writene & gewritan ic hic [read hit] gemearcode to trymmunge mid tacne drihtenlican rode. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1934) 48 (MED) Com a culure..of heouene wið a rode leitinde of liht & of leome. c1300 St. Bartholomew (Laud) l. 173 in C. Horstmann (1887) 372 (MED) Þo maden huy alle in heore fore-heued þe fourme of þe rode. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 21678 (MED) Quen israel vte of egypte yed, O þat blisced lambs blod A cros was mad in signe o rode. a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann (1881) 2nd Ser. 57 (MED) Þat ilk figure of þe rode Honurde þai with mayn. society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Exaltation of Cross (14 September) > [noun] 1814 J. Train 30 [She told] How he, by lore obain'd at School, Each month could count from Rood to Yule. III. A unit of measurement. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > rod, pole, or perch OE Charter: Bp. Wærferð to Æðelred & Æðelflæd (Sawyer 1280) in A. J. Robertson (1956) 36 Þonæ hagan..se is fram þære ea sylfre bi þæm norðwalle eastwardes xxviii roda lang & þonon suþwardes xxiiii roda brad & eft þonon westwardes on Sæferne xix roda long. a1450 in R. H. Robbins (1952) 61 He here bete..þat sche sholde not come by nyȝthe With-Inne vij rode of londe space þer as Seynt Ieorge i-namyd was. 1465–6 in (1841) 438 j acre of lond conteynyth in lengthe xl rodes. 1543 in XVIII. ii. 118 For skoryn of a water souer.., cxx rud after id. ob. a rud. a1661 W. Brereton (1844) 17 It is ten English rood long on the sides, eight rood broad. 1690 3 A large Bird-Cage which is sixteen Rood long, and twelve Foot broad. 1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 26 in W. Stork (ed. 2) At about 200 yards distance from it runs out a large stream of water..and may be smelt at some roods distant. 1790 W. Marshall Agric. Provincialisms in II. 441 Rood, a measure of eight yards in length. 1805 R. W. Dickson I. 112 These [stones]..are commonly put about the middle of the work, in the proportion of nine or ten to every rood of seven yards. 1856 J. C. Morton (new ed.) II. (Gloss.) 1126/1 Rood,..(Chesh.), of hedging, 8 yards;..(Derbys.), of bark, seems to be a pile 7 yards in length; of draining or fencing, 7 or 8 yards [etc.]. 1881 (at cited word) Such piece~work as hedging and ditching, draining, putting up posts and rails, &c., is done at so much per rood. 1920 5 157 An acre was 20 roods long by 8 roods broad, 16 ft. to a rood (a little less area than now). 7. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > an acre > quarter acre or rood lOE Tithes, Peterborough (Sawyer 1448) in S. E. Kelly (2009) 325 Of Æstune to tiþunge, healf xviii æcer sed & xiiii giorde sed & iii roda sed. 1442 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1442 §29. m. 4 The feerde parte of a rode of londe. a1475 in A. Clark (1905) i. 287 The forsaid Rode of land, with all his pertynentis. a1500 (Sloane) (1890) 45 (MED) In wyntur a ploughe may erye iij rodis & a halfe on þe day & in eche off þe oþer seasons a acree off þe day. ?a1560 L. Digges (1571) ii. xi. sig. N ij So manye perches you maye conclude the Area of that Figure, which..bringeth 10 Acres 3½ Roodes. 1608 E. Topsell 156 There was likewise seene a dragon in India, as long as fiue roodes of land are broade, which is incredible. 1667 J. Milton i. 196 His other Parts besides Prone on the Flood,..Lay floating many a rood . View more context for this quotation 1685 (MS.) (Leicestershire Record Office DE 3577/25) In the west Field... One old rood. 1712 J. Arbuthnot vi. 24 Nic..calculated the Acres and Roods to a great Nicety. 1768 R. Rouse 35 Arable Land in the Gallow-field... One rood lying on Cole furlong... One old rood on Broom furlong. 1770 O. Goldsmith 58 A time there was..When every rood of ground maintained its man. 1805 23 43 I had an acre and three rood of carrots. 1892 R. L. Stevenson ii. 95 His old family estates, not one rood of which remained to him. 1894 W. H. Groves 21 Thomas Bek..made one purpesture of old one rood of ground. 1973 2 Mar. 24/1 (advt.) A stone-built, slated dwellinghouse..on an area of 2 acres 3 roods 15 perches (S.M.) or thereabouts of the lands of Bofealan. 2001 65 289 The close..is labelled ‘Home Close’, containing 2 roods 26 perches. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > square rod, pole, or perch ?c1450 in (1869) 42 404 (MED) By hye ferete for pavyng of xij rode, the stone new boght. 1464 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers (1872) 153 John Thomsoun..sal pay for his fredom x s. at Beltan or a rud of causay. c1580 in J. D. Marwick (1871) II. 58 To the..calsay makaris for ilk scottis rude, that is to say vj elnis of lenth and vj elnis of breid, xxx schillingis Scottis. 1597 J. Skene at Particata Sex elnes lang, and sex elnes broad, makis ane fall. To this fall the little ruid, or ruid of warke, or of buirdes, or of maisone, or sklait warke, is equal. 1609 J. Skene tr. Burrow Lawes in cxix Ane Ruid of land within ane Baronie, sould be measured be sax elnes... Ane Ruid of land within burgh, conteines twentie fute. 1758 P. Hudson 72 272¼ Feet is one Rod of Brick-work. 1794 A. Pringle 32 Slating is measured by the rood of forty-two and one fourth square yards, and costs in the workmanship 12s. or 13s. a rood. 1829 S. Glover I. 91 Slate is sold by the rood, or in sufficient quantity to roof in 44 square yards. 1849 J. Craig Rood... In Building, 36 square yards. In Flooring, 100 square feet. 1855 J. C. Morton II. (Gloss.) 1126/1 Rood,..(Chesh.),..of land, 8 yards square = 64 square yards; of marl, 64 cubic yards... (Durham), of wall~building, 7 yards... (Berwicks.),..of masonry, 6 yards square, 2 feet thick [etc.]. 1908 H. R. Kempe 698 In other parts masonry walling is measured by the rood of 36 square yards, or 24 cubic yards, the standard thickness being two feet. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > building wood > measure or quantity of 1391–2 in J. T. Fowler (1888) III. 106 (MED) In j rod meremii sarrand. eoden tempore, 3 s. 4 d. 1489 in E. Beveridge (1917) 6 A quarter rud of burdis. 1534–5 in J. T. Fowler (1898) I. 111 Pro sarracione j di. Rude meremii. 1632 in F. Collins (1905) II. 122 I discharge him of the payment of xxijs. enenst one rood of boardes he bought of me. the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > of wine 1495 A. Halyburton (1867) 109 A stek of Ryns wyn haldand 3 ham, a strif les, price of the rud 15 li. 15 s. c1503 R. Arnold f. lxxijv/1 The rood of reynysh wyne of Dordreight is x. awames... Item the rood of andwarp is xiiij. awmes. Phrasesthe mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > referring to Jesus > with reference to the Passion or crucifixion OE Prayers (Arundel 155) xiv, in (1941) 65 236 Ac per signum salutiferę crucis tuę te rogo & obsecro, ut me numquam deseras : & þurh tacn halwendre rode þinre ic bidde & ic halsige þæt [me] næfre þu forlæte. c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 1766 For cristes rode! What haue y don wouȝ? c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) 461 ‘Beues!’ a seide, ‘for þe rode, What dostow her?’ c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson (1842) 32 (MED) For the rode, On quat maner spendutte he his gud, That thusgate is a-way? 1508 (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aii*v Schir gawyne graith ye that gait for the gude rude. 1578 J. Rolland 150 I hecht be the Rude, Do ȝe not sa, I sall se ȝour hart blude. OE Homily: Sunnandæges Spell (Tiber. A.iii) in A. S. Napier (1883) 224 Wit swerigaþ..þurh þa halgan Cristes rode [OE Corpus Cambr. 419 þurh þa halgan rode], þe he for manna helo aþrowade, þæt hit is eal soþ, þæt wit sæcgaþ. c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 968 ‘Bleþelich,’ a seide, ‘be þe rod!’ c1390 in F. J. Furnivall (1901) ii. 717 (MED) Þis gode comunes, bi þe Rode, I likne hem to þe Schipes mast. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. iv. l. 134 ‘And ȝet,’ quod resoun, ‘bi þe Rode I shal no reuthe haue’. a1450 (?c1350) Pride of Life l. 298 in N. Davis (1970) 99 (MED) Þou schal, boy, ar þou hennis go, Be auaunsyd, bi þe rode. ?1520 J. Rastell sig. Bvij Ye by the rode euyn with the gretest. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 94 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 97 Be ye rud I am richt rad For to behald ȝour halyness. 1575 W. Stevenson i. iv Ah, Hodg, Hodg! if that ich cold find my neele, by the reed, Chould sow thy breches, ich promise thee with full good double threed. 1604 W. Shakespeare iii. iv. 14 Ger. Haue you forgot me? Ham. No by the rood not so. View more context for this quotation 1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 884 in (1910) Then Will..Ran ramping, swearing, rude and rape. 1715 N. Rowe iii. 24 Nay, by the Rood, my Lord, you were to blame To let a Hair-brain'd Passion be your Guide. 1796 R. Southey 202 By the rood, I thank his Grace. If she be young and fair No worthless prize my lords. 1810 W. Scott i. 28 Now, by the rood,..Your courtesy has erred. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in 112 Yea, by God's rood, I trusted you too much. 1896 A. Austin i. i. 5 By the rood! they are wise enough. 1912 H. Gilbert iii. 113 ‘By the rood!’ one said, ‘thou'rt a fool of a chapman, but as a bowman thou'rt as good as any forester.’ 1941 A. Stringer 38 But you're wrong, by the rood; I've a liking for delicate things. 1993 A. Krailsheimer tr. V. Hugo i. 59 By the Rood! Holy Father, you are the most beautifully ugly thing I've ever seen in my life. Compounds C1. (Branch II.) society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > [noun] > of the Holy Rood 1473 in J. Stuart (1844) I. 31 Schir Androu,..chaplan of ye Rude altar, in ye parisch kirk of ye said burgh. 1556 in J. Stuart (1844) I. 296 Maister Edward Menzies, cheplane of the ruid alter in the organ loft. 1650–1 (1887) 301 The annuell of the Rude altar. 1739 F. Blomefield II. xlii. 552 I find the Images of St. Laurence,..mentioned to be in this Church, together with the Rood Altar. 1847 J. Glen iii. 72 At the Reformation, the chaplainry of the Rood Altar was held by Sir Robert Watson, who reported its revenues to be £20 sterling yearly. 2002 N. Coldstream vi. 180 The disposition of altars and furnishings in the church reflected the hierarchy of Christ and the saints: the high altar at the east took precedence over the rood and the rood altar. 1842 1 54 We notice..some alterations in the commonly received architectural terms: thus Belfry-arch is called Tower-arch; Chancel-arch is in some cases Rood-arch. 1968 31 11 (caption) Virgin Mary, the 5th century mosaic in the rood-arch of basilica S. Maria Maggiore in Rome. 2002 R. Neason 411 She walked down through the center aisle of the quire that filled the chancel, each step taken under the scrutiny of the bishops, finally reaching the rood arch. society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > screen > [noun] > beam at top of c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 496 He..lyth ygraue vnder the roode beem. 1797 J. Nichols 93 The light before the rood-beam. 1845 J. H. Parker (ed. 4) I. 312 The rood..was supported either by a beam called the rood-beam, or by a gallery, called the rood-loft. 2001 J. Middleton-Stewart ii. v. 133 It is unlikely that more than one rood would have stood on the rood-beam, even though the Southwold beam spanned the width of the church. society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > collection box > [noun] 1556 (1887) 68 Quhatsumevir persone being charget to gaddir with the Rud brod. 1893 H. E. Haferkorn v.–vi. 52 Rood-boards and seats in the Chancel St. Mary's, Bury St. Edmunds. society > faith > artefacts > furniture > canopy > [noun] > over rood 1520 in G. J. Piccope (1857) I. 38 I bequethe unto the roode seller off Manchester xls. 1917 F. E. Howard & F. H. Crossley (1919) 142 (caption) Hennock, Devon, rood celure. 2011 G. R. Sharpe iii. 216 Many [roods] had a gilded canopy immediately overhead, and above this some had a series of intricately worked and richly decorated panels set into the ceiling known as the rood celure. society > faith > artefacts > cloths, carpets, cushions > cloth (general) > curtain or hanging cloth > [noun] > as a covering > to cover crucifix 1431–40 in J. L. Glasscock (1882) 11 [For washing] le rodecloth. 1466 Inventory in (1887) 50 44 (MED) Item, j Rode clothe steyned wt the passion of our lorde, of the yifte of John Crouton. 1566 in E. Peacock (1866) 159 One rood clothe, one banner clothe, one veale. 1709 J. Strype xv. 192 The 24. being S. Bartholomew's day,..were burnt all the Roods of S. Mary and S. John; and many other Church Goods, with Copes, Crosses, Censers, Altar-Cloths, Rood-Cloths. 1859 S. Hopkins I. vii. 156 Fragments of altars, Popish books, surplices, and copes, banners, altar-cloths, rood-cloths, and crucifixes. 2005 J. F. Merritt ii. 58 The wardens..paid for the rood cloth to be hung. society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Holy Rood Eve (13 September) > [noun] 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 634 On the rude-evyn [1489 Adv. Rood Euen], in the dawing, The Inglis host blew till assale. 1539 Lady M. Grenville in M. A. E. Wood (1846) III. lv. 125 Written on Holy Rood even, by yours, heart and body, Margaret Grenville. 1650 in W. M. Ogilvie (1876) 35 Rudevin. 1825 J. Jamieson Suppl. at Reid-day On Reid-een, or the eve of this day, i.e., the evening preceding it, the hart and the hind are believed to meet for copulation. society > leisure > social event > large or public event > [noun] > fair > specific 1541 in A. Jervise (1885) I. 115 [The principal annual fair was held upon the Rood Day (the third of May) from which it had the name of] Ruid fair. 1685 (1820) VIII. 504 Ane free fair yearly to be holdin..at the paroch kirk of Killmanevock upon the Second Day of September called the Ruidfair. 1790 D. Morison 11 When lads an' lassies..Came to the Rood Fair jauntin. 1832 T. Carlyle Let. 17 Oct. in (1977) VI. 245 We despatched the animal to Alick, to make ready for the ‘Roodfair’. 1931 J. Buchan 86 Old John Naps was at the Rood Fair on Barton Heath. 1992 (Nexis) 6 Oct. 9 Dumfries was busy on Saturday with the traditional Rood Fair taking place beside the market. society > faith > artefacts > consumables > candle or light > [noun] > placed before or beside the rood 1434–5 in H. E. Salter (1933) 32 Item, resiue of the Rode lychtte xxi lib. of holde wex. 1529 in J. W. Clay (1902) VI. 21 The residue to the upholdynge of the rode light. 1755 B. Willis 281 He..gave two Cloths to the hight Altar, and Legacies to the Trinity, St. Sepulchres, St. John Baptist, and the Rood Lights. 1868 M. E. C. Walcott 601 If any failed in reverence to the dean, they stood for a day and night before the rood-light. 1995 A. D. Brown v. 128 Endowments and bequests were left for the rood light. society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > mass > kinds of mass > [noun] > in honour of rood 1875 R. S. Fittis 28 His two houses in the Spey Street had, at a very remote period, been burdened with the annual payment of thirteen shillings four pennies to St. James' Altar, and of ten shillings to the Rood Mass, or service at the Holy Cross Altar. 2004 B. Boydell ii. 34 The mass of the Holy Cross, or rood mass, was celebrated daily except Friday by one of the minor vicars. society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [noun] > crucifixion c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 2018 Ne munnde he næfre letenn himm. Þurrh rode pine cwellenn. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > celebrating mass 1516 in I. H. Jeayes (1906) No. 91 Indenture between Sir Thomas Russell, ‘rood~prest’,..and John Knyvetone. 1618 in 11 21 Umquhill Sir Robert Meldrum, ruidpreist of Kinedvard. 1875 12 Mar. 168/2 Obtaining orders in the Church of Rome as a secular priest, it is believed that he [sc. John Knox] held the appointment of chaplain or rood-priest in the chapel of St. Nicholas, at Samuelston. 2006 M. M. Harvey xii. 190 Christopher Riseley, the Rood priest of St Oswald's, got £3 7s 8d. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Waltham-Abby 16 in Harpsfield..confesseth himself ignorant of the reason of the Rood-scituation. society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > screen > [noun] > gallery at top of 1434–5 in H. E. Salter (1933) 32 Item, for i lib. of wyre candell of talow to the rode solere. c1562 in (1903) 61 To a peynetr for peynetyng the rode soler, xiid. 1838 J. Britton 431 The rood-loft was called solarium sanctæ crucis, and, colloquially, the rood-soller. 1891 23 266 Above the screen was a platform or gallery called the rood-loft, rood soller, or holy loft. 2004 M. Heale ii. v. 215 Professor Gwynn-Jones erroneously followed Theophilus Jones in stating that the offerings to the ‘rood soller’ were assigned to the vicar in this agreement. 1841 May 325 The pulpits are fashioned precisely on the old models, corbeled out, and ascended by the rood stairs, and not so large as to form a prominent feature. 1950 17 July 6/3 The church, which dates from 1336, still retains a number of its ancient features, and it is believed that there are two sets of rood stairs, both of which are now blocked up. 2006 T. Lloyd et al. 300 A rood stair in the thickness of the wall, with a four-centred arched doorway, opens into the dormered bay. 1822 E. J. Willson Gloss. Gothic Archit. 11/2 in A. Pugin (1823) II Rood-tower, Rood-steeple, the tower or steeple built over the intersection of the body and cross-ailes of a church. 1825 H. Owen & J. B. Blakeway II. 64 The centre tower, or, as such fabricks erected over the crosses of cathedral and abbey churches, were often denominated, the rood steeple. a1400 ( Bounds (Sawyer 727) in W. de G. Birch (1893) III. 365 Of than more on holenbrok, thannen on lechmere thanne on rodestan. 1800 W. Scott 5 By the rood-stone [1802 black rood-stone],..I conjure thee, my love, to be there! [1801, 1802 eds.: Note The Black-rood of Melrose was a crucifix of black marble.] 1849 W. S. Gibson 20 The ‘Monk's Stone’ at Seton..may have been erected as a way-side rood-stone. 2006 (Nexis) 11 May 20 The oldest inhabited village in England, Rudstone,..is named after the ‘rood stone’ ancient monolith found close by. society > faith > worship > other practices > [noun] > sign of the cross OE (1992) xii. 228 We sculon beran usse reliquias ymb ure land, þa medeman Cristes rodetacen þe we Cristes mæl nemnað, on þam he sylfa þrowode for mancynnes alysnesse. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iii. 21 God..het niman anes geares lamb æt ælcum hiwisce..and wyrcan mid þæs lambes blode rodetacn on heora gedyrum. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xviii. 174 He..mearcode him on heafde halig rodetacn, and on his guðfanan gode to wurðmynte. lOE (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 963 Ic wille þet ealle þa freodom & ealle þa forgiuenesse þe mine forgengles geafen þet hit stande, & ic write & feostnige mid Cristes rodetacne. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 121 (MED) Crist, godes sune, wes ibuhsum þan heuenliche federe to þa deðe, and þet to swulche deðe swa ȝe maȝen iseon on þere rode tacne to-foren eou. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 19 Makeð þe rode taken [a1250 Nero rodentokne; a1400 Pepys a croice] as ich ear ou tachte. a1333 in C. Brown (1924) 15 (MED) Þe kynges baneres beth forth y-lad, Þe rode tokne is nou to-sprad. 1847 E. M. Sewell iii. 66 The Anglo-Saxons were accustomed to sign their letters with a rood-token, or mark of a cross. 1896 A. Austin (1901) iii. iv. 72 Christ's own city, mastering still mankind By the rood-token of His martyrdom. 1904 W. O. Stevens 36 In the hot-water ordeal..the prisoner was required to ‘kiss the Book and Christ's rood-token’. society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > crossing > [noun] > tower over 1727 B. Willis I. 223 The Rood-Tower, or Steeple, in Height, to the Top of the Lantern, within-side, 162 Foot. 1839 XIV. 8/2 Placed in the Rood (or central) tower. 2005 H. Coghill iii. 31 Its church had a central rood-tower and high spire. C2. (Branch III.) 1806 J. Grahame i. 23 The oak majestical, whose aged boughs Darken a rood breadth. 1870 June 488/1 There is only a rood breadth between me and Mr. Weatherspoon, and there they have them dying continually. 1903 W. H. Browne in Notes 133 Rude braid, rood-breadth. 1989 No. 27. 36/2 It appears that ‘narrow land’, ‘half land’, and ‘rood breadth’ had the same meaning and were each about 5 yards wide. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > rod, pole, or perch > when laid flat 1262–8 in 80 (MED) xij rodefal in campo de Serholm..xxxta rodefal ex parte Aquilonis acrarum dictorum abbatis et conventus. 1324 in M. T. Löfvenberg (1946) 62 (MED) [A certain plot of land, containing 12 feet and 10] rodefalles. a1400 (a1250) Grant of Land, Longton, Lancs. in A. N. Webb (1970) 137 Cum quincque rodefalles super Stanfurlung. 1901 W. Farrer 107 Of Richard del Brek, for entry to 4 roodfalls and 8 feet of land of the waste—6d. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). roodv. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Apparently related to roud v., although the relationship between the forms is difficult to account for. Compare earlier rud n.3 and the forms at that entry, and also earlier rodding n.1, redd n.2, and later roud n. Now English regional ( East Anglian). 1814 G. V. Sampson iv. 241 The salmon..rood or spawn in the fords or shallows. 1868 W. Peard iv. 45 The heavier fish rood on the deeper runs. 1895 W. Rye Rode, to spawn. Usually Roud or Rowd. 1960 A. O. D. Claxton (ed. 2) 65 Rode, to spawn, as fish. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.OE v.1814 |
