Romishadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈrəʊmɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈroʊmɪʃ/

Forms: 1500s Rhomish, 1500s Romeish, 1500s Romissh, 1500s Romysh, 1500s Romyshe, 1500s Romyssh, 1500s–1600s Romishe, 1500s– Romish; Scottish pre-1700 Romische, pre-1700 1700s– Romish.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps originally modelled on a Dutch lexical item, or perhaps originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: Rome n., -ish suffix¹.

Etymology: < Rome n. + -ish suffix¹, perhaps originally after Dutch roomsch (now rooms ; Middle Dutch roomsch ) or German römisch (Old High German rōmisc , rūmisc , Middle High German rœmisch ). Compare Old Frisian rūmesk , rōmesk , rōmisk , rōmsk , Middle Low German römisch , römesch (Old Saxon rōmesc ), Danish †romsk , †romisk (Old Danish romsk ; superseded by romersk , which shows alteration after romer (noun) Roman), Swedish †romisk , †romsk , †römsk (Old Swedish romsker , römsker ; superseded by romersk , which shows alteration after romare (noun) Roman). All of the Germanic parallels are attested both in the general sense ‘Roman’ and in the specific sense ‘Roman Catholic’, although the latter is now usually expressed by the compounds cited at Romish Catholic adj. and n. Compare earlier Roman adj.¹, Roman n.¹In Romish bean, Romish pease after Dutch roomse boon, roomse erwt respectively (see Roman bean n., Roman pease n. at Roman n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 3b).

A. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of (esp. ancient) Rome; Roman. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > in Italy > Rome

Romana1387

Romisha1531

Romeward1842

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Romans > [adjective]

RomanishOE

Romana1387

Romisha1531

Romified1606

Romanized1621

aerarian1836

Quiritian1839

a1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1538) i. f. lxx Examyne the Romysh byshop [1531 the pope] by this rule.

1549 E. Allen tr. L. Juda Paraphr. Reuelacion S. John vi. f. vii^v, in M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II The Romyshe Emperours did continually, slaye one an other.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 55 The Romish Tityrus, I heare, Through his Mecænas left his Oaten reede.

1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. C^v Do this, and I wil giue thee..My cambricke apron, and my romish gloues.

1658 J. Mumford Qvestion of Qvestions 23 S. Peter and S. Paul..caused no part of the bible to be translated into the Romish language.

1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxi A Romish squadron landed at Pompeii.

1816 T. J. Howell Stranger in Shrewsbury 182 During its subjection to the Romish yoke, this country formed part of the province of Flavia Cæsariensis.

1864 Christian Observer July 504 He lived before the utter decline of the Romish language; Latin was his native tongue.

1911 T. G. Roberts Capt. of Raleigh's i. 8 He writes verses!—verses to the moon—aye, and to ancient Romish goddesses!

1917 W. Owen Let. 14 Feb. (1967) 435 Do you need a Brooch? I saw an Egyptian one..and an Assyrian. No they wouldn't do since you no longer wear your Ancient British frocks. All the others in this town are either Romish, or nondescript.

2. Of, relating to, or belonging to the Roman Catholic Church; adhering to or favouring Roman Catholic doctrine, practice, etc.; Roman Catholic. Frequently derogatory.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [adjective]

RomanisheOE

Laterana1400

Romana1500

papistical1527

popish1528

antichristian1532

pontifical1533

Babylonical1535

papish1538

Romish1538

papistic1545

west1549

catholic1554

mass-monging1556

western1562

Latin1564

Babylonian1567

Babylonish1570

Romish Catholic?1570

Romanist1572

Roman Catholic1587

papala1593

pseudo-catholical1601

Babylonic1602

pseudo-Catholic1605

Romist1605

Romified1609

Babelish1610

papizing1612

pontifician1612

pontificial1614

Romulean1615

papized1639

Romanistical1646

Romanical1664

papagan1679

popish-like1689

Anglo-Roman1766

papicolar1811

Romanistic1829

pre-Reformation1855

papalistic1861

papalized1879

1538 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Sarcerius Common Places of Script. xxxv. f. cxxxvii^v (side note) The heresye of a romyshe saynt.

1539 R. Morison Exhort. to styrre All Eng. Men (new ed.) sig. C vi^v The capytayne of the Romyshe churche, was lyghtly persuaded, to lodge with the byshop.

1585 Act 27 Eliz. c. 2 §1 Priests..made..according to the Order and Rites of the Romish Church.

1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens Ep. sig. ¶¶^v Iesuiticall Treatises, or Romish prayer-bookes, Portuasses, and Mannuals.

a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) iv. 45 Upon promise of the Duke to become Romish.

1725 G. Berkeley Proposal supplying Churches (rev. ed.) 15 Our neighbours of the Romish communion.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1784 II. 576 The charity in which he lived with good men of the Romish Church.

1814 W. Scott Diary 26 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. viii. 241 Here, after 1745,..the priest of Egg used to perform the Romish service.

1850 S. Wilberforce in R. G. Wilberforce Life S. Wilberforce (1881) II. 91 An assurance sufficient to convince me that there is no danger of your acting in fact as a Romish confessor in the orders of the English Church.

1862 F. J. Furnivall R. Mannyng's Handlyng Synne (Roxburghe Club) p. xlviii The Romish second (Mosaic third) Commandment.

1910 F. C. Warre Eng. Church in 19th Cent. II. vi. 113 Evangelicals assert that..the advance of ritualism and Romish doctrine favoured by the English Church Union left them no choice.

1984 C. Nicholl Cup of News xi. 158 Jack's admiration of Rome as a city shades riskily into an apology for Romish religion.

2002 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 7 Dec. (Features section) 49 Anglican but with Romish inclinations that were not so much doctrinal as ceremonial and certainly sartorial.

†B. n.

With plural agreement. Usually with the: Roman Catholics as a class. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun]

papist1528

Romanist1534

Roman1537

Romist1543

papistic1545

popestant1549

flesh-maker1551

mass-monger1551

Romish1551

Pope catholicc1554

popeling1563

catholic1570

Romish Catholic1571

popera1577

Pope worshipper1579

papane1581

Roman Catholic1581

Cacolike1582

Cartholic1582

papisha1595

Babylonian1603

papal1611

popinian1613

Papalin1616

Romulist1620

papicolist1633

western1640

papagan1641

universalist1644

red-letter man1677

RC1691

Azymite1728

papalist1752

craw-thumper1786

catholicist1812

papisher1817

pontifical1832

Romanite1839

dogan1847

mickey1851

redneck1852

mackerel-snatcher1855

Latin1867

Romanensian1885

Roman candle1897

Mick1902

Mick Dooley1905

Mickey Doo1905

left-footer1911

Pape1927

right-footer1929

Doolan1940

tyke1941

Tim1958

mackerel-snapper1960

Teague1971

Mickey Doolan1972

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Q.vi^v The Romishe, reason thus. Yf thou wilt enter to heauen, kepe the commaundementes: Therefore kepyng the commaundementes, purchaseth heauen.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxvj ^v As al those Romish be vtterly vncurable.

1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. Y 3 In other points they seeme to stand..between the Romish and the Protestants.

1625 W. Pemble Justification (1629) 75 Against this the Romish contend, labouring to proue [etc.].

1717 R. Savage Convocation 3 The Pagan prey on slaughter'd Wretches Fates, The Romish fatten on the best Estates.

1837 Missionary Reg. Jan. 2 The Protestants..have uniformly failed—the Romish have been crowned with triumphant success!

Compounds

C1.

Romish alum n. rare (now historical) = Roman alum n. at Roman n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] > alum > Roman alum

Romish alum1620

Roman alum1653

1620 J. Bonoeil Obseruations Fit Roomes Silk-wormes D b Roach-Allum, called Romish Allum.

1932 J. U. Nef Rise Brit. Coal Industry I. ii. ii. 185 There can be no doubt that the dyers had been hitherto largely dependent upon ‘Romish’ alum.

†C2. In the names of plants originating from or in some way connected with the ancient empire or city of Rome, as Romish bean, Romish pease, etc. (see Roman n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 3b). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Roomsch erwetan, romish Pease.

1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Roomsche boontjens, romish beanes.

1776 in T. Harmer Observ. Divers Passages Script. (ed. 2) I. 244 Some [bread and cakes], Rauwolff tell us, done with yolks of eggs, some mixed with several sorts of seeds, as of sesamum, Romish coriander, and wild garden saffron.

Derivatives

ˈRomishly adv.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [adverb]

popishly1538

Romishly1541

catholicly1542

papistically1572

malignantly1645

papistlyc1649

Roman Catholicly1687

1541 ‘J. Sawtry’ Def. Mariage Preistes sig. Aviii^v Wyn. hymself..created y^e popes creature, doctour of the popis lawe, aftir warde popisshly preisted, & at last Romisshly bisshopped.

1658 F. Osborne Mem. Reigns Elizabeth & James in Wks. (1673) 484 Prayers and Fasts appointed to be used by those Romishly affected through~out this whole Realm.

1859 Amer. Q. Church Rev. July 230 Hildebrand is a sort of hero with the Romishly inclined part of the High Churchmen of England.

1988 Church Hist. 57 165 Featley indicated that these ‘informants’..were really Romishly inclined and..carrying out a policy for the Devil.

ˈRomishness n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [noun]

RomeeOE

Babylon1530

popishness1531

popery?1536

popistry?1542

papistry1543

mass-monging1552

antichristianity1555

antichristianism1588

Babel1599

papacy1599

Romanism1603

poping1608

Babylonism1610

Catholicism1613

Romanality1637

catholicship1653

Romishness1653

Roman Catholicism1662

Roman Catholicity1806

catholicity1830

popism1841

old religion1934

1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 13 Every round reprover, and renouncer of your Romishness, is as much a reviler with you, as your selves are at Rome.

1864 M. Oliphant Perpetual Curate I. iii. 51 I think he has a bad attack of Romishness coming on.

1999 B. Zon Eng. Plainchant Revival Introd. 2 Catholics debunking the use of plainchant did so for reasons of aesthetics or practicability; Anglicans did so for that.., but also for its Romishness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	romish
释义	Romishadj.n. Brit. /ˈrəʊmɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈroʊmɪʃ/ Forms: 1500s Rhomish, 1500s Romeish, 1500s Romissh, 1500s Romysh, 1500s Romyshe, 1500s Romyssh, 1500s–1600s Romishe, 1500s– Romish; Scottish pre-1700 Romische, pre-1700 1700s– Romish. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps originally modelled on a Dutch lexical item, or perhaps originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: Rome n., -ish suffix¹. Etymology: < Rome n. + -ish suffix¹, perhaps originally after Dutch roomsch (now rooms ; Middle Dutch roomsch ) or German römisch (Old High German rōmisc , rūmisc , Middle High German rœmisch ). Compare Old Frisian rūmesk , rōmesk , rōmisk , rōmsk , Middle Low German römisch , römesch (Old Saxon rōmesc ), Danish †romsk , †romisk (Old Danish romsk ; superseded by romersk , which shows alteration after romer (noun) Roman), Swedish †romisk , †romsk , †römsk (Old Swedish romsker , römsker ; superseded by romersk , which shows alteration after romare (noun) Roman). All of the Germanic parallels are attested both in the general sense ‘Roman’ and in the specific sense ‘Roman Catholic’, although the latter is now usually expressed by the compounds cited at Romish Catholic adj. and n. Compare earlier Roman adj.¹, Roman n.¹In Romish bean, Romish pease after Dutch roomse boon, roomse erwt respectively (see Roman bean n., Roman pease n. at Roman n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 3b). A. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of (esp. ancient) Rome; Roman. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > in Italy > Rome Romana1387 Romisha1531 Romeward1842 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > ancient Romans > [adjective] RomanishOE Romana1387 Romisha1531 Romified1606 Romanized1621 aerarian1836 Quiritian1839 a1531 W. Tyndale Expos. 1 John (1538) i. f. lxx Examyne the Romysh byshop [1531 the pope] by this rule. 1549 E. Allen tr. L. Juda Paraphr. Reuelacion S. John vi. f. vii^v, in M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II The Romyshe Emperours did continually, slaye one an other. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 55 The Romish Tityrus, I heare, Through his Mecænas left his Oaten reede. 1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. C^v Do this, and I wil giue thee..My cambricke apron, and my romish gloues. 1658 J. Mumford Qvestion of Qvestions 23 S. Peter and S. Paul..caused no part of the bible to be translated into the Romish language. 1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. (ed. 2) III. lxxi A Romish squadron landed at Pompeii. 1816 T. J. Howell Stranger in Shrewsbury 182 During its subjection to the Romish yoke, this country formed part of the province of Flavia Cæsariensis. 1864 Christian Observer July 504 He lived before the utter decline of the Romish language; Latin was his native tongue. 1911 T. G. Roberts Capt. of Raleigh's i. 8 He writes verses!—verses to the moon—aye, and to ancient Romish goddesses! 1917 W. Owen Let. 14 Feb. (1967) 435 Do you need a Brooch? I saw an Egyptian one..and an Assyrian. No they wouldn't do since you no longer wear your Ancient British frocks. All the others in this town are either Romish, or nondescript. 2. Of, relating to, or belonging to the Roman Catholic Church; adhering to or favouring Roman Catholic doctrine, practice, etc.; Roman Catholic. Frequently derogatory. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [adjective] RomanisheOE Laterana1400 Romana1500 papistical1527 popish1528 antichristian1532 pontifical1533 Babylonical1535 papish1538 Romish1538 papistic1545 west1549 catholic1554 catholic1554 mass-monging1556 western1562 Latin1564 Babylonian1567 Babylonish1570 Romish Catholic?1570 Romanist1572 Roman Catholic1587 papala1593 pseudo-catholical1601 Babylonic1602 pseudo-Catholic1605 Romist1605 Romified1609 Babelish1610 papizing1612 pontifician1612 pontificial1614 Romulean1615 papized1639 Romanistical1646 Romanical1664 papagan1679 popish-like1689 Anglo-Roman1766 papicolar1811 Romanistic1829 pre-Reformation1855 papalistic1861 papalized1879 1538 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Sarcerius Common Places of Script. xxxv. f. cxxxvii^v (side note) The heresye of a romyshe saynt. 1539 R. Morison Exhort. to styrre All Eng. Men (new ed.) sig. C vi^v The capytayne of the Romyshe churche, was lyghtly persuaded, to lodge with the byshop. 1585 Act 27 Eliz. c. 2 §1 Priests..made..according to the Order and Rites of the Romish Church. 1628 W. Prynne Briefe Suruay Mr. Cozens Ep. sig. ¶¶^v Iesuiticall Treatises, or Romish prayer-bookes, Portuasses, and Mannuals. a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) iv. 45 Upon promise of the Duke to become Romish. 1725 G. Berkeley Proposal supplying Churches (rev. ed.) 15 Our neighbours of the Romish communion. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1784 II. 576 The charity in which he lived with good men of the Romish Church. 1814 W. Scott Diary 26 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. viii. 241 Here, after 1745,..the priest of Egg used to perform the Romish service. 1850 S. Wilberforce in R. G. Wilberforce Life S. Wilberforce (1881) II. 91 An assurance sufficient to convince me that there is no danger of your acting in fact as a Romish confessor in the orders of the English Church. 1862 F. J. Furnivall R. Mannyng's Handlyng Synne (Roxburghe Club) p. xlviii The Romish second (Mosaic third) Commandment. 1910 F. C. Warre Eng. Church in 19th Cent. II. vi. 113 Evangelicals assert that..the advance of ritualism and Romish doctrine favoured by the English Church Union left them no choice. 1984 C. Nicholl Cup of News xi. 158 Jack's admiration of Rome as a city shades riskily into an apology for Romish religion. 2002 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 7 Dec. (Features section) 49 Anglican but with Romish inclinations that were not so much doctrinal as ceremonial and certainly sartorial. †B. n. With plural agreement. Usually with the: Roman Catholics as a class. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun] papist1528 Romanist1534 Roman1537 Romist1543 papistic1545 popestant1549 flesh-maker1551 mass-monger1551 Romish1551 Pope catholicc1554 popeling1563 catholic1570 Romish Catholic1571 popera1577 Pope worshipper1579 papane1581 Roman Catholic1581 Cacolike1582 Cartholic1582 papisha1595 Babylonian1603 papal1611 popinian1613 Papalin1616 Romulist1620 papicolist1633 western1640 papagan1641 universalist1644 red-letter man1677 RC1691 Azymite1728 papalist1752 craw-thumper1786 catholicist1812 papisher1817 pontifical1832 Romanite1839 dogan1847 mickey1851 redneck1852 mackerel-snatcher1855 Latin1867 Romanensian1885 Roman candle1897 Mick1902 Mick Dooley1905 Mickey Doo1905 left-footer1911 Pape1927 right-footer1929 Doolan1940 tyke1941 Tim1958 mackerel-snapper1960 Teague1971 Mickey Doolan1972 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Q.vi^v The Romishe, reason thus. Yf thou wilt enter to heauen, kepe the commaundementes: Therefore kepyng the commaundementes, purchaseth heauen. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxvj ^v As al those Romish be vtterly vncurable. 1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. Y 3 In other points they seeme to stand..between the Romish and the Protestants. 1625 W. Pemble Justification (1629) 75 Against this the Romish contend, labouring to proue [etc.]. 1717 R. Savage Convocation 3 The Pagan prey on slaughter'd Wretches Fates, The Romish fatten on the best Estates. 1837 Missionary Reg. Jan. 2 The Protestants..have uniformly failed—the Romish have been crowned with triumphant success! Compounds C1. Romish alum n. rare (now historical) = Roman alum n. at Roman n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] > alum > Roman alum Romish alum1620 Roman alum1653 1620 J. Bonoeil Obseruations Fit Roomes Silk-wormes D b Roach-Allum, called Romish Allum. 1932 J. U. Nef Rise Brit. Coal Industry I. ii. ii. 185 There can be no doubt that the dyers had been hitherto largely dependent upon ‘Romish’ alum. †C2. In the names of plants originating from or in some way connected with the ancient empire or city of Rome, as Romish bean, Romish pease, etc. (see Roman n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 3b). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Roomsch erwetan, romish Pease. 1648 H. Hexham Groot Woorden-boeck Roomsche boontjens, romish beanes. 1776 in T. Harmer Observ. Divers Passages Script. (ed. 2) I. 244 Some [bread and cakes], Rauwolff tell us, done with yolks of eggs, some mixed with several sorts of seeds, as of sesamum, Romish coriander, and wild garden saffron. Derivatives ˈRomishly adv. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [adverb] popishly1538 Romishly1541 catholicly1542 papistically1572 malignantly1645 papistlyc1649 Roman Catholicly1687 1541 ‘J. Sawtry’ Def. Mariage Preistes sig. Aviii^v Wyn. hymself..created y^e popes creature, doctour of the popis lawe, aftir warde popisshly preisted, & at last Romisshly bisshopped. 1658 F. Osborne Mem. Reigns Elizabeth & James in Wks. (1673) 484 Prayers and Fasts appointed to be used by those Romishly affected through~out this whole Realm. 1859 Amer. Q. Church Rev. July 230 Hildebrand is a sort of hero with the Romishly inclined part of the High Churchmen of England. 1988 Church Hist. 57 165 Featley indicated that these ‘informants’..were really Romishly inclined and..carrying out a policy for the Devil. ˈRomishness n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [noun] RomeeOE Babylon1530 popishness1531 popery?1536 popistry?1542 papistry1543 mass-monging1552 antichristianity1555 antichristianism1588 Babel1599 papacy1599 Romanism1603 poping1608 Babylonism1610 Catholicism1613 Romanality1637 catholicship1653 Romishness1653 Roman Catholicism1662 Roman Catholicity1806 catholicity1830 popism1841 old religion1934 1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 13 Every round reprover, and renouncer of your Romishness, is as much a reviler with you, as your selves are at Rome. 1864 M. Oliphant Perpetual Curate I. iii. 51 I think he has a bad attack of Romishness coming on. 1999 B. Zon Eng. Plainchant Revival Introd. 2 Catholics debunking the use of plainchant did so for reasons of aesthetics or practicability; Anglicans did so for that.., but also for its Romishness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.a1531
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