Romanesquen.adj.

Brit.

/ˌrəʊməˈnɛsk/, U.S.

/ˌroʊməˈnɛsk/

Forms: 1600s 1800s Romanesk, 1700s– Romanesque. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: Roman adj.¹, -esque suffix.

Etymology: < Roman adj.¹ + -esque suffix. In senses A. 3 and B. 2 after French romanesque (adjective) of the nature, reminiscent, or characteristic of a romance (1627; > Spanish romanesco (1740)), (noun) that which is romantic (1689). The uses with reference to the Romance languages and an early medieval style of architecture are unparalleled in French (in which roman romaunt adj. is used in these senses) and in other Romance languages. With sense A. 1 compare Tudesque adj.Quot. 1666 at sense A. 1 may instead refer specifically to linguistic usage in the vicinity of Rome, after Italian romanesco (adjective) typical of Rome or the surrounding area.

A. n.

†1. = romance n. 8. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance

romance1348

Romanesque1666

Roman1789

romancy1836

neo-Latin1850

1666 G. Torriano Proverbial Phrases 293/2 in Piazza Universale The Romanesk in the skirts of the City of Rome, is very corrupt and barbarous, and no waies pleasant.

1794 W. Beckford Hist. France I. xi. 241 The Tudesque, or the German, was the vernacular tongue of the Franks; but intermixing it with that of the conquered nations, who used the Romanesque, or rustic Latin, they gradually lost their original language.

1802 A. Ranken Hist. France II. vii. i. 336 The two languages approached one another and by their union generated the Romanesque or Romans, a new tongue.

1867 A. T. Drane Christian Schools & Scholars I. v. 178 The Romanesque, or corrupt Latin, which prevailed in the southern provinces of Gaul.

2. In early use esp. with the. The Romanesque style of art or architecture.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > Romanesque

Romanesque1819

1819 W. Gunn Inq. Gothic Archit. 36 If we direct our research to Britain, we find instances of the Romanesque in very early times.

1825 A. Pugin Specimens Gothic Archit. (ed. 3) I. p. xvi A church at Gelnhausen, built in the 13th century, in a mixed style, with pointed arches, and some ornaments belonging to the Romanesque.

1850 Sir G. Scott Anc. Churches 79 I do not for a moment admit that Romanesque is other than a purely and truly Christian style.

1936 A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. W. Europe iii. 42 This group of churches..presents closer affinities, in its internal ordinance, with Norman Romanesque than with any other northern school.

2004 D. Brown God & Enchantm. of Place ii. 42 If Romanesque is given qualified praise, even Fra Angelico is already seen as compromised by a false intellectualism.

3. With the. That which is romantic. Cf. sense B. 2. rare.Non-glossarial evidence of the spec. sense given in quot. 1826 is lacking.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > painting of fanciful subjects

Romanesque1826

1826 J. Elmes Gen. Dict. Fine Arts Romanesque, in painting, &c. That which appertains to romance or fable. The romanesque, in historical painting, may be defined as the choice of a subject of a fanciful nature rather than one founded on fact.

1962 R. Howard tr. J. Hytier André Gide v. 147 If the old ease of his manner is still here, the originality is less urgent, the romanesque is increasingly sacrificed to the desire to convince.

B. adj.

1. = romance adj.¹ 1a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Italic > of Romance languages

Romana1393

romance1421

romaunt1530

Romanic1683

Romanesque1715

Romane1830

Romanistic1882

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 304 The old Norman Dialect was compos'd of those, Theudisque and the provincial and vulgar Romanesque Dialects.

1804 W. Mitford Inq. Princ. Harmony Lang. (ed. 2) 237 Southern French, formerly distinguished from the northern by the name of the Roman, Romanesk, or Romance language.

1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) xii. 622 The German language has taken more kindly to this Romanesque ornament than English has.

1910 Catholic Encycl. VIII. 225/2 Thus originated the Romanesque or neo-Latin languages.

1957 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 8 300 In 1 Cor. xv. 40–43 the Vulgate distinguishes between gloria and claritas, but neither the Romanesque languages nor the A.V. follow suit.

2. Of the nature of or reminiscent of a romance (romance n. 1, romance n. 3); inclined to romance; romantic. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > tendency towards romance > [adjective]

romancial1653

romantical1662

romanical1665

romantic1755

Romanesque1763

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > quality appealing to emotion or imagination > [adjective] > having emotional or romantic appeal > of places

Romanesque1763

1763 F. Brooke Hist. Lady Julia Mandeville I. 67 We have been dining al fresco in a rustic temple..: romanesque, simple; the pillars trunks of ancient oaks, the roof the bark of trees, the pavement pebbles, the seats of moss.

1793 T. Cogan Rhine II. 81 This town is of a considerable size. Its situation is very Romanesque; but to external appearance it is impoverished.

1799 T. R. Malthus Diary 24 June (1966) 87 He spoke of him [sc. Gustavus III] as..a little too romanesque and bizarre.

1850 C. M. Yonge Kenneth xx. 237 ‘I know he thinks your point of honour rather romanesque,’ said Effie, in her French-English.

1869 K. H. Digby Little Low Bushes 260 All fair things, lovely,..wild, or romanesque.

1911 Bookman June 366/1 L'Amour Masqué has..the two chief characteristics of Balzac fiction: a very romanesque adventure, treated in a very philosophical spirit.

2005 S. Diaconoff Through Reading Glass iii. 79 As a young woman she was impetuous and very romanesque, drawn to adventure and extravagant disguise.

a. Designating a style of architecture prevalent in western Europe from the 10th to the 12th cent., characterized esp. by the use of semicircular arches and massive construction. Of an arch, architectural feature, building, etc.: belonging to, characteristic of, or built in this style.The origins of this style are sometimes traced back to the 7th cent., or even to the end of the Western Roman Empire. The medieval English form of the style is more commonly referred to as Norman.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Romanesque and pre-Romanesque

Romanesque1819

pre-Romanesque1888

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Romanesque and pre-Romanesque > style

Romanesque1819

1819 W. Gunn Inq. Gothic Archit. 44 I have cited the reign of Justinian as a period when the Romanesque style was greatly extended.

1819 W. Gunn Inq. Gothic Archit. 110 Who can bear to look at his Romanesque cloisters in the Royal Exchange, after having seen the colonnades at Greenwich?

1830 W. Whewell Archit. Notes German Churches 48 In the three great Romanesque cathedrals we have a horizontal moulding.

1883 ‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 33 The prisons and clock tower are Romanesque.

1925 E. Wharton Let. 9 June (1988) 483 We plunged into the Pyrenees at Luchon, & wandered among flowers & Romanesque churches.

1981 Monitor (McAllen, Texas) 1 Mar. 14 c/4 The Romanesque main building was completed in 1903.

2003 Art Q. Spring 15/1 The restoration of the rose windows in Dubrovnik's late Romanesque Franciscan monastery cloister.

b. Of or relating to the culture or period within which the Romanesque style in architecture was prevalent; (of art, etc.) characteristic of this culture or period.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Romanesque and pre-Romanesque > style > characterized by specific style

Romanesque1835

1815 H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 The minor ornaments of them have led to the foundation of a style in painting which might with much more propriety be called Romanesque than Arabesque.]

1835 R. Willis Remarks Archit. Middle Ages ii. 27 This [feature] is to be found in many early buildings of the Romanesque period, and even in our country, as in the pier arches of St Albans.

1837 Brit. Critic Apr. 314 The massy proportion given by Romanesque artists to the column itself, was only an accommodation of the character of that feature to its use.

1887 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 3 116 The frescos..of the xi century at Nepi are not surpassed by any single work of Romanesque art.

1921 V. O. Vogt Art & Relig. xix. 186 In Germany are many notable buildings in the later Romanesque period, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles, Cologne.

1994 Homiletic & Pastoral Rev. June 17/2 Romanesque artists often blended the crucifixion and resurrection as Jesus almost stands rather than hangs on the Cross.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	romanesque
释义	Romanesquen.adj. Brit. /ˌrəʊməˈnɛsk/, U.S. /ˌroʊməˈnɛsk/ Forms: 1600s 1800s Romanesk, 1700s– Romanesque. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: Roman adj.¹, -esque suffix. Etymology: < Roman adj.¹ + -esque suffix. In senses A. 3 and B. 2 after French romanesque (adjective) of the nature, reminiscent, or characteristic of a romance (1627; > Spanish romanesco (1740)), (noun) that which is romantic (1689). The uses with reference to the Romance languages and an early medieval style of architecture are unparalleled in French (in which roman romaunt adj. is used in these senses) and in other Romance languages. With sense A. 1 compare Tudesque adj.Quot. 1666 at sense A. 1 may instead refer specifically to linguistic usage in the vicinity of Rome, after Italian romanesco (adjective) typical of Rome or the surrounding area. A. n. †1. = romance n. 8. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance romance1348 Romanesque1666 Roman1789 romancy1836 neo-Latin1850 1666 G. Torriano Proverbial Phrases 293/2 in Piazza Universale The Romanesk in the skirts of the City of Rome, is very corrupt and barbarous, and no waies pleasant. 1794 W. Beckford Hist. France I. xi. 241 The Tudesque, or the German, was the vernacular tongue of the Franks; but intermixing it with that of the conquered nations, who used the Romanesque, or rustic Latin, they gradually lost their original language. 1802 A. Ranken Hist. France II. vii. i. 336 The two languages approached one another and by their union generated the Romanesque or Romans, a new tongue. 1867 A. T. Drane Christian Schools & Scholars I. v. 178 The Romanesque, or corrupt Latin, which prevailed in the southern provinces of Gaul. 2. In early use esp. with the. The Romanesque style of art or architecture. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > Romanesque Romanesque1819 1819 W. Gunn Inq. Gothic Archit. 36 If we direct our research to Britain, we find instances of the Romanesque in very early times. 1825 A. Pugin Specimens Gothic Archit. (ed. 3) I. p. xvi A church at Gelnhausen, built in the 13th century, in a mixed style, with pointed arches, and some ornaments belonging to the Romanesque. 1850 Sir G. Scott Anc. Churches 79 I do not for a moment admit that Romanesque is other than a purely and truly Christian style. 1936 A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. W. Europe iii. 42 This group of churches..presents closer affinities, in its internal ordinance, with Norman Romanesque than with any other northern school. 2004 D. Brown God & Enchantm. of Place ii. 42 If Romanesque is given qualified praise, even Fra Angelico is already seen as compromised by a false intellectualism. 3. With the. That which is romantic. Cf. sense B. 2. rare.Non-glossarial evidence of the spec. sense given in quot. 1826 is lacking. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > painting of fanciful subjects Romanesque1826 1826 J. Elmes Gen. Dict. Fine Arts Romanesque, in painting, &c. That which appertains to romance or fable. The romanesque, in historical painting, may be defined as the choice of a subject of a fanciful nature rather than one founded on fact. 1962 R. Howard tr. J. Hytier André Gide v. 147 If the old ease of his manner is still here, the originality is less urgent, the romanesque is increasingly sacrificed to the desire to convince. B. adj. 1. = romance adj.¹ 1a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Italic > of Romance languages Romana1393 romance1421 romaunt1530 Romanic1683 Romanesque1715 Romane1830 Romanistic1882 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 304 The old Norman Dialect was compos'd of those, Theudisque and the provincial and vulgar Romanesque Dialects. 1804 W. Mitford Inq. Princ. Harmony Lang. (ed. 2) 237 Southern French, formerly distinguished from the northern by the name of the Roman, Romanesk, or Romance language. 1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) xii. 622 The German language has taken more kindly to this Romanesque ornament than English has. 1910 Catholic Encycl. VIII. 225/2 Thus originated the Romanesque or neo-Latin languages. 1957 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 8 300 In 1 Cor. xv. 40–43 the Vulgate distinguishes between gloria and claritas, but neither the Romanesque languages nor the A.V. follow suit. 2. Of the nature of or reminiscent of a romance (romance n. 1, romance n. 3); inclined to romance; romantic. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > tendency towards romance > [adjective] romancial1653 romantical1662 romanical1665 romantic1755 Romanesque1763 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > quality appealing to emotion or imagination > [adjective] > having emotional or romantic appeal > of places Romanesque1763 1763 F. Brooke Hist. Lady Julia Mandeville I. 67 We have been dining al fresco in a rustic temple..: romanesque, simple; the pillars trunks of ancient oaks, the roof the bark of trees, the pavement pebbles, the seats of moss. 1793 T. Cogan Rhine II. 81 This town is of a considerable size. Its situation is very Romanesque; but to external appearance it is impoverished. 1799 T. R. Malthus Diary 24 June (1966) 87 He spoke of him [sc. Gustavus III] as..a little too romanesque and bizarre. 1850 C. M. Yonge Kenneth xx. 237 ‘I know he thinks your point of honour rather romanesque,’ said Effie, in her French-English. 1869 K. H. Digby Little Low Bushes 260 All fair things, lovely,..wild, or romanesque. 1911 Bookman June 366/1 L'Amour Masqué has..the two chief characteristics of Balzac fiction: a very romanesque adventure, treated in a very philosophical spirit. 2005 S. Diaconoff Through Reading Glass iii. 79 As a young woman she was impetuous and very romanesque, drawn to adventure and extravagant disguise. 3. a. Designating a style of architecture prevalent in western Europe from the 10th to the 12th cent., characterized esp. by the use of semicircular arches and massive construction. Of an arch, architectural feature, building, etc.: belonging to, characteristic of, or built in this style.The origins of this style are sometimes traced back to the 7th cent., or even to the end of the Western Roman Empire. The medieval English form of the style is more commonly referred to as Norman. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Romanesque and pre-Romanesque Romanesque1819 pre-Romanesque1888 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Romanesque and pre-Romanesque > style Romanesque1819 1819 W. Gunn Inq. Gothic Archit. 44 I have cited the reign of Justinian as a period when the Romanesque style was greatly extended. 1819 W. Gunn Inq. Gothic Archit. 110 Who can bear to look at his Romanesque cloisters in the Royal Exchange, after having seen the colonnades at Greenwich? 1830 W. Whewell Archit. Notes German Churches 48 In the three great Romanesque cathedrals we have a horizontal moulding. 1883 ‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 33 The prisons and clock tower are Romanesque. 1925 E. Wharton Let. 9 June (1988) 483 We plunged into the Pyrenees at Luchon, & wandered among flowers & Romanesque churches. 1981 Monitor (McAllen, Texas) 1 Mar. 14 c/4 The Romanesque main building was completed in 1903. 2003 Art Q. Spring 15/1 The restoration of the rose windows in Dubrovnik's late Romanesque Franciscan monastery cloister. b. Of or relating to the culture or period within which the Romanesque style in architecture was prevalent; (of art, etc.) characteristic of this culture or period. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Romanesque and pre-Romanesque > style > characterized by specific style Romanesque1835 1815 H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 The minor ornaments of them have led to the foundation of a style in painting which might with much more propriety be called Romanesque than Arabesque.] 1835 R. Willis Remarks Archit. Middle Ages ii. 27 This [feature] is to be found in many early buildings of the Romanesque period, and even in our country, as in the pier arches of St Albans. 1837 Brit. Critic Apr. 314 The massy proportion given by Romanesque artists to the column itself, was only an accommodation of the character of that feature to its use. 1887 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 3 116 The frescos..of the xi century at Nepi are not surpassed by any single work of Romanesque art. 1921 V. O. Vogt Art & Relig. xix. 186 In Germany are many notable buildings in the later Romanesque period, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles, Cologne. 1994 Homiletic & Pastoral Rev. June 17/2 Romanesque artists often blended the crucifixion and resurrection as Jesus almost stands rather than hangs on the Cross. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1666
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