riotn.

Brit.

/ˈrʌɪət/, U.S.

/ˈraɪət/

Forms: Middle English reaut, Middle English reot, Middle English riaut, Middle English riout, Middle English ryaute, Middle English ryett, Middle English ryette, Middle English ryout, Middle English–1500s riote, Middle English–1500s riott, Middle English–1500s ryat, Middle English–1500s ryote, Middle English–1500s ryotte, Middle English–1600s riotte, Middle English–1600s ryot, Middle English–1600s ryott, Middle English– riot, 1500s–1600s riet; Scottish pre-1700 riat, pre-1700 ryat, pre-1700 ryatte, pre-1700 ryet, pre-1700 ryett, pre-1700 ryote, pre-1700 ryott, pre-1700 1700s ryot, pre-1700 1700s– riot.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French riot.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman riot, riott, ryot, ryott, riout, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French riot , masculine, Anglo-Norman riotte, ryote, (plural) reautes, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French riote, feminine (French riotte , riote (both now archaic and regional)) unreasonable action, folly (1155), dispute, quarrel (late 12th cent.), waywardness (c1185 or earlier), noise, din (c1290 or earlier), idle chatter (13th cent. or earlier), civil disturbance (1339 or earlier), revelry (a1382 or earlier), of unknown origin. Compare ( < French or English) post-classical Latin riota , riotus (frequently from 1387 in British sources); also (probably < French, or perhaps its cognate) Old Occitan riota (c1325; 1278 as ariote ), ( < French or Occitan) Catalan †ariot (1310 in an apparently isolated attestation), Spanish regional (Aragon) †riota (late 14th cent.), and ( < French) Italian †riotta (first half of the 14th cent.). Compare later royet n.

I. Senses relating to wild or uncontrolled behaviour.

†1. Waywardness; contrariness. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun]

riot?c1225

contrariositya1340

contrarietyc1380

contrariness1398

contrariousness1398

repugnance?a1425

contrariancec1450

oppositiona1500

contraposition1581

countermatching1587

counterposition1594

antipathy1601

antistrophe1605

thwarting1609

contrariancya1617

antithesis1631

contrast1731

contrastiveness1949

society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > intractability or recalcitrance > perverse

riot?c1225

contumacec1230

waywardnessc1384

contumacyc1386

sturdinessa1400

stoutnessc1400

contumation1618

gainsayingness1648

contumaciousness1654

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 102 Contumace..fet hwa se is anewil i þing þet ha haueð undernume to donne, beo hit god, beo hit uuel, þet na wisure read ne mei bringen hire ut of hire riote [a1250 Titus him of his fol riote].

a. Riotous living; the pursuit of a wanton, dissolute, or extravagant lifestyle; debauchery, dissipation. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [noun]

ribaldyc1300

riotc1330

ribaldry1389

riotingc1390

riotry?a1400

wildnessc1400

arrioutc1410

ramageness1440

ribaldise?c1450

unthriftinessc1450

ramagec1485

riotousness?1535

royet1542

dissoluteness1549

ruffianing1549

riotness1553

wildernessa1616

debauchery1642

profligateness1668

profligacy1693

rakishness1737

rakism1777

profligation1805

rouéism1828

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > debauchery

riotc1330

dissolutionc1400

dissoluteness1549

debauchment1617

debauchery1642

debauch1673

dissipation1785

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [noun] > personified

riotc1330

c1330 Body & Soul (Auch.) (1889) 50 (MED) So ȝong þi riot [Laud blisse] to forsake, And euer to liue in sorwe and wo!

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 48 A saumpul her be þaem I say, þat rages in þare riot [c1450 BL. Add. 36983 Reaut] ay; In riot [c1450 BL. Add. 36983 Riaut] and in rigolage, Of all þere liif spend þai þe stage.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 122 Þei wasten moche good in ryot & glotonye.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 54 Who that sekithe ryot gladly, he metithe therewith.

a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 308 (MED) Our sone..ȝeuyth hym to ryot, glotonye, and lecherye, & to grete festis & to gret fare.

?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. C^v In ryot and dronkenesse Theyr name defylynge, despysynge all goodnesse.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxiij^v Al to mainteyne your ryot, pryde, and voluptuousnes.

1600 P. Holland tr. J. B. Marlianus Svmmary Topogr. Rome v. xii, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1387 There was nothing wanting, that might serue for pleasure or prodigall riot.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 715 All now was turn'd to jollitie and game, To luxurie and riot, feast and dance.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 77 The Lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day.

a1788 W. J. Mickle Siege of Marseilles in Poems & Trag. (1794) iv. iii. 308 Leave th' Adulterer in triumphant riot In your love bed, drunk with Erminia's charm's.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. viii. 272 Hyder..spent his life between the labours of the chase, and the pleasures of voluptuous indolence and riot.

1867 W. H. Van Doren Suggestive Comm. St. Luke II. xv. 97 Misery comes treading on the heels of riot. Pleasures of sin are very brief but its sorrows are long.

1905 H. Sutcliffe Red o' the Feud iv. 39 In his extreme youth, he had been over-fond of liquor, over-fond of riot and wild pleasures.

1971 D. O. Hamilton Four Gardens 52 No heralding of riot, satyr-born, Outrang that careless cymbal's crashing mirth!

†b. Usually with capital initial. As a personification. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Aiv^v With other foure of theyr affynyte Dysdayne. Ryotte. Dyssymuler. Subtylte.

1579 Poore Knight his Pallace sig. Iii^v Where riot rules within the ship, there Whoredome holds an Ore, And Sloth doth holde the fickle helme, while Enuy row to shore.

1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres i. lxxxi. sig. E2^v Wrong-worker Riot.

1609 T. Dekker Worke for Armorours sig. E2^v Riot (a smooth-fac'd Ganimed) slept in her lap.

1754 T. Scott tr. Table of Cebes 144 See! Riot her luxurious Bowl prepares.

1782 F. Douglas Birth-day iii. 57 Enough.–To lighter scenes I turn, Where Folly leads the world astray; Where souls, for trash, ignobly burn, And Riot forms her wild array.

1819 ‘F. Moore’ Age of Intellect 73 Now Riot commenced her disgusting career.

c. figurative and in extended use. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 342 One-while the Boulime, then the Anorexie..rage with monstrous ryot.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 89. ⁋4 This invisible riot of the mind, this secret prodigality of being, is secure from detection, and fearless of reproach.

1801 Edinb. Mag. Sept. 216/2 Those passions, which had been so unwisely restrained by the ignorance of parental precaution, now burst forth into all the riot of folly, and extravagance of dissipation.

1865 Bulwark 1 Dec. 158 To revert to the mental riot and the moral uncleanness of heathenism.

1918 F. Grierson Illusions & Realities of War 54 We must be able to distinguish between mental riot and mental reality. We must learn the difference between futile fancies and fundamental facts.

1990 D. C. Delis Passion Paradox 18 Balanced lovers find something vastly more manageable, and deeper, to replace the emotional riot of courtship.

3. An instance or course of riotous living; esp. an act of noisy, wanton revelry; a riotous or unruly feast or revel. Formerly also: †an extravagant display of something (obsolete). Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [noun] > instance or course of

riotc1330

the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > [noun] > (an) ostentatious display

pompc1330

vaunterya1492

pomping pridec1503

braga1513

flaunt-a-flaunt1576

plume1580

affecting1584

top and topgallant1593

ruffle1609

parado1621

riota1649

flutter1667

show1713

sprunk1746

to make a splash1804

show-off1811

paraffle1816

shine1819

splurge1828

gaud1831

spludge1831

poppy-show1860

razzle1885

razzmatazz1917

foofaraw1933

showbiz1970

glitz1977

society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous > disturbance arising from

riot1783

c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 30 (MED) He scholde nowt in Rome bilaue, For Burgeis, maiden, oþer knaue Miȝte him in som riot sette Þat al his lore he scholde lette.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 4459 He þenkþ hold an huge ryot..Wyþ-inne þis forteniȝt.

c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Huntington) v. l. 7131* (MED) Lucius..lacketh reule His oghne astat to guide and reule..Bot every riot ate laste Mot nedes falle and mai noght laste.

c1425 Myrour to Lewde Men & Wymmen (Harl.) (1981) 208 (MED) Þei..lyueþ after her iolyte þat loueþ wel companyes, ryotes, & vanitees.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 129 Ther cometh of glotonye..ryottes, wronges, and molestacyons.

1576 E. Aggas tr. P. de Mornay Def. of Death sig. D You are rewarded for the excesse and ryots of your youth, with the gout, palsie, stone.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion vii. 102 The ryots to represse of this outrageous crue.

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ix. 455 I swim in a vast and boundlesse ocean of rapture, and surfeit in a riot of superaboundant delacies.

a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James I in Wks. (1711) 9 They abolished Riots of all sorts of Pearl..; only Women were permitted to wear a small Carkanet of them about their Necks.

a1700 C. Sedley Wks. (1722) I. 28 Roots he preferr'd, and Pot-herbs To all the Pomp and Riots of a Crown.

1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. II. ii. 45 In gaming, drinking, debauchery, and country riots, he [sc. Oliver Cromwell] consumed the more early years of his youth.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 181 There was nothing from which I had painted out for myself so joyous a riot of the affections.

1783 G. Crabbe Village ii. 29 And hark! the riots of the Green begin, That sprang at first from yonder noisy inn.

1830 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 631 What if in senates the repentant rake Bestows the sleep his riots used to break?

1883 Cent. Mag. Sept. 790/1 There are mock snow-balls to be picked up from the floor and tossed all over the room in a jolly riot of fun.

1910 E. Rolt-Wheeler Famous Blue-stockings 3 Days consumed in disorderly riots.

1956 F. C. Capozzi God's Fool viii. 128 Your Holiness, I am told that the prayer meetings of these Franciscans are a riot of merrymaking. They are wont to spice their sermons with droll stories, jokes and abundant laughter.

a. A violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd; an outbreak of violent civil disorder or lawlessness. Formerly also: †a violent attack (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun]

fiend-reseOE

frumresec1275

assault1297

sault1297

inracea1300

sailing13..

venuea1330

checkc1330

braid1340

affrayc1380

outrunningc1384

resinga1387

wara1387

riota1393

assailc1400

assayc1400

onset1423

rake?a1425

pursuitc1425

assemblinga1450

brunta1450

oncominga1450

assembly1487

envaya1500

oncomea1500

shovea1500

front1523

scry1523

attemptate1524

assaulting1548

push1565

brash1573

attempt1584

affront?1587

pulse1587

affret1590

saliaunce1590

invasion1591

assailment1592

insultation1596

aggressa1611

onslaught1613

source1616

confronta1626

impulsion1631

tentative1632

essaya1641

infall1645

attack1655

stroke1698

insult1710

coup de main1759

onfall1837

hurrah1841

beat-up of quarters1870

offensive1887

strafe1915

grand slam1916

hop-over1918

run1941

strike1942

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > a disturbance or riot

stormOE

disturbance1297

disturblancec1330

riota1393

disturbation1529

ruffle1534

upstir1549

tumult1560

embroilment1609

hubbuba1625

embroil1636

ruction1809

uproaring1827

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 2542 (MED) Achab..tok non hiede Til ate laste..Benedab, king of Surie, Of Irahel a gret partie..Hath sesed; and of that riote He tok conseil in sondri wise.

1433 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §14. m. 17 In eschuyng of riotes..and disobeissances ayenst the kynges astate.

1462 J. Gresham in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 273 Maister Yeluerton..seid..þat þe Kyng shulde..come into þis cuntre and se suyche riottes as haue be in þis cuntre punysshed in suche fourme as happely summe shulde hange by the nekke.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vii. l. 2586 Þe Inglis..slew þe almerale of þat flot; And al þe laif in þat ryote.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 77 (MED) We, out tyte, that they were tayn; That ryett radly shall thay rew.

1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 7 Processes shalbe made..in like maner as is made upon enditements of riottes.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 83 (margin) A riot made vpon Jewes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 34 The Councell shall heare it, it is a Riot .

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iv. 152 Such vnallowable Ryots, being expresly against..the quietnesse and liberty of the Christians.

1638 in Trans. E. Lothian Antiquarian & Field Naturalists' Soc. (1932) 2 141 The ryot committit be [him] in the persone of Janet Adasone.

1670 A. Marvell Let. 8 Dec. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 120 The Bill for Conventicles hath been twice red & committed. It makes them henceforth riots.

1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 337 An abominable Riot committed in All-Souls College.

1759 T. Smollett Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) X. 179 After having..heard the proclamation against riots read in public.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) Every description of peace officers may and ought to do..all that in him lies towards the suppressing riots.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. xi. 275 A tumult on account of a particular or private grievance amounts at the most to a riot.

1887 W. Hunt Bristol 203 All former riots..sink into insignificance compared with the Reform riots of 1831.

1919 Times 16 May 8/4 Places to fly from, over-taxed, decaying, given to strikes and riots, to intimidation and rebelry.

1967 M. L. King Where do we go from Here? (1968) iv. 133 A riot is at bottom the language of the unheard.

2001 Fresh Produce Jrnl. 14 Sept. 43/4 The riots reached boiling point when one hoodlum discovered that orange oil was inflammable.

b. Violent disturbance of the peace, esp. by a crowd; civil disorder. Formerly also: †depredation, plunder (obsolete).Now chiefly in legal contexts. Cf. note at rout n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun]

riot1400

tumult1412

misgovernail?a1439

rout1439

revel1462

tumultuationc1475

stir1487

rangat?a1513

rangale1513

turmoil1526

ruffle1532

confusion1555

disorder1558

roaring1617

mayhem1976

1400 Ld. Grey of Ruthin Let. June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 3 (MED) Our liege Lord es pryve seal..commaundyng me..to apees the misgouernance and the riote..in the marches of North Wales.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 106 (MED) He þat bereth the dyamand vpon him..it kepeth him fro strif & ryot [Fr. riotz].

a1450 Simonie (Bodl. 48) (1991) l. 451 Riot reyneþ now in londe eueri day more and more.

1451 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Let.-bks. London (1911) K. 338 (MED) They..falle on ryott and other misgouvernance.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 510 To pass In yngland, for till burn to sla, And swa gret ryot thar till ma.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1673 He..All throucht the land in ryot rad.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 24 b I thinke these same..commit no lesse ryot, then those which crucified Christ.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 147 I know none so rank-minded, to enter vpon your proper possessions thy riot [Errours Escaped by riot].

1631 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 226 The constable is supreame iudge in all materis of ryot disordour bloode and slaughter committed within four myllis of the kingis persone.

1687 in H. Paton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1932) 3rd Ser. XIII. 173 In ane actione and caus of oppressione, violence or ryott intented befor the Lords.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xi. 68 You left the metropolis exposed..to every species of riot and disorder.

1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 315 Let active laws apply the needful curb To guard the peace that riot would disturb.

1819 Ld. Eldon in Ld. Campbell Chancellors (1857) VII. 392 What constitutes riot enough to justify dispersion is no easy matter to determine.

1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 484 The swords of the demagogues striking at the gates of San-Ildefonso..; in a word, riot in the very apartments of Christina.

1895 W. Besant Westminster ix. 229 For downright bludgeon rowdiness and riot, the rabble at Westminster..was equalled by few towns.

1953 H. L. Beales in D. V. Glass Introd. Malthus 5 London was at the mercy of what historians of the eighteenth century have called ‘the mob’, for five days of arson and riot.

1991 R. Reiner Chief Constables iii. viii. 181 The clarification of riot, unlawful assembly, I see as an advantage, helping us rather than hindering.

2005 Washington Post 13 Aug. b3/2 [He] also entered an Alford plea to one count of riot.

5. Hunting. Of a hound: the action of following the scent of an animal other than the intended prey. Also: animals whose scent is followed by the hound in this way. Frequently, and now chiefly, in to run riot at Phrases 1.In quot. c1425² apparently a name for a rabbit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > following wrong scent

riotc1425

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 66 (MED) A spaynel, ȝif he se geet, kyen, or hors..he wil renne anoon and bygynne to baffe at hem, and bycause of hem þe greihoundes shall renne þerto for to take þe beest þorgh his eggyng, for he wil make al þe ryot and al þe harme.

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 41 What Racches þat rennen to a Cony in ony tyme, hym ouȝt to be astried, sayeng to him lowde, ‘ware Riot ware’, for non oþer wilde best in Engelond is callid ryott sauf þe Conynge alonly.

1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. ii. sig. Eiiij Some hound by no meanes wil be rated from riote, and some will neuer forsake, his vndertaken game.

1663 J. D. tr. H. de Péréfixe de Beaumont Hist. Henry IV iii. 243 The French hath it, Prendre le Change, which is taken for flying out at a wrong Deer like hounds of Riot.

1782 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting (new ed.) vi. 88 Take them [sc. young hounds] first where you have least riot.

1782 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting (new ed.) vii. 106 The next day, they should be walked out amongst hares, and deer, and stopped from riot.

1842 ‘Nimrod’ Life Sportsman ii. 31 Walk your hounds amongst riot (i.e. hares and deer) in the summer.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 123 Until..hounds are entered to their particular game, they must not be too much rated and broken from ‘riot’.

1890 Sat. Rev. 1 Feb. 135/1 A slight variation in the note of a hound..tells him that the hound has been too free with his tongue on riot (the hunting term for the scent of the wrong animal).

1939 Times 31 Aug. 6/4 Hounds rand very fast up to the road..but just by the Keeper's Cottage a squirrel jumped up in the middle of them. They were soon stopped off on this riot..and hunted on steadily.

1952 J. I. Lloyd Come Hunting! iv. 196 A hare took hounds into a big covert where there was a little riot.

6. Revelry, celebration, merriment, esp. of an unrestrained, lively, or noisy nature; (in extended use) noise, hubbub.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous

revela1375

riotc1440

revel-rout1587

wassail1603

randan1640

rant1650

high-go1774

splore?a1786

gilravagea1796

spree1804

lark1811

spray1813

shindy1821

randy1825

randy-dandy1835

batter1839

flare-up1844

barney1850

jamboree1868

tear1869

whoop-up1876

beano1888

razzle1892

razzle-dazzle1893

bash1901

society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous > unrestrained

riotc1440

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > rowdy noise

riotc1440

racket1565

obstreperousness1655

rattle1688

rowdyism1838

rowdy-dow1845

rowdiness1847

rooty-toot1852

racketiness1939

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 412 (MED) Thene the roy reall rehetes thes knyghttys Wyth reuerence and ryotte of all his rounde table.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. Prol. 159 Lat ws in ryot leif, in sport and gam.

a1681 R. Allestree 40 Serm. (1684) I. vi. 83 It is to chuse the riot of one meal, one good feast, and to starve the whole remainder of a mans life.

1728 J. Thomson Spring 23 To swell the Riot of the gathering Feast.

1739 P. Whitehead Manners 8 What sing-song Riot, and what Eunuch-squawling.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. vi. 173 A sound of many voices in loud merriment burst upon her ear. It seemed not the laugh of cheerfulness, but of riot.

1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris (ed. 2) Pref. p. lxv The free vent given to what may be termed the clamour and riot of satisfaction by the absence of official arrangement.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xix. 197 Quickening their steps to get clear of all the roar and riot.

1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens II. xii. vii. 326 With bray of snorting horns and riot of exploding guns.

1920 J. Farnol Geste of Duke Jocelyn xii. 251 The air thrilled with this merry riot.

1966 A. J. Arberry tr. M. Iqbal Javid-nama 35 Unto the passion of minstrelsy give leave to clamour and riot, Give wine again to profligate and censor.

2005 A. Sage Magyk xviii. 183 After ten years of waking every day to the busy sounds of The Ramblings, not to mention the riot and hubbub of the six Heap boys, the silence was deafening.

7. An unbridled or uncontrollable emotion, passion, or desire; (now usually) an outburst of such feelings.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > [noun] > sudden outburst or access of passion

heatc1200

gerec1369

accessc1384

braida1450

guerie1542

bursting1552

ruff1567

riot1575

suddentyc1575

pathaire1592

flaw1596

blaze1597

start1598

passion1599

firework1601

storm1602

estuation1605

gare1606

accession?1608

vehemency1612

boutade1614

flush1614

escapea1616

egression1651

ebullition1655

ebulliency1667

flushinga1680

ecstasy1695

gusta1704

gush1720

vehemence1741

burst1751

overboiling1767

explosion1769

outflaming1836

passion fit1842

outfly1877

Vesuvius1886

outflame1889

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iv. f. 60 For and ȝe do..but debait Agane Venus rais ony rank riat [etc.].

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 173 Shall these hands..make a ryot on the gentle brow Of true sincerity?

1763 A. Murphy Citizen i. i. 1 How the devil could the young baggage raise this riot in your heart?

1797 M. G. Lewis tr. F. Schiller Minister ii. i. 44 In the riot of my senses my heart still is conscious of a void.

1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 91 Sudden a thought..in his pained heart Made purple riot.

1896 H. W. Mabie Bks. & Culture ix. 113 There are passages in the Shakespearian plays and sonnets which make a riot in the blood to-day as they doubtless set the poet's pulses beating three centuries ago.

1910 Scribner's Mag. Jan. 25/2 She struggled with her tears, her face contorted, her bosom heaving in riot... Passion grew upon her, passion of regret, of loss, of rage, of desire.

1955 H. Kenner Dublin's Joyce viii. 132 This riot of feelings corresponds to no vocation definable in mature terms.

2006 Times (Nexis) 7 Sept. 90 The riot of emotions that swept the Stade de France.

8. With of. An impressively large or varied display of something, esp. a vivid display of colour.Originally an extended use of sense 3, but now often interpreted in the light of sense 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > [noun] > display of bright colour

riot1713

emblazonry1827

blazonment1883

1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Notion Hist. Draught Judgm. Hercules v. 29 Such a Confusion, Oppugnancy, and Riot of Colours.

1894 K. Grahame Pagan Papers 68 A riot of scarlet on gold.

1895 Outing 26 429/2 Here and there the sombre green of a cedar broke the riot of color.

1919 J. Conrad Arrow of Gold v. iii. 283 Often I dreamed of her with white limbs shimmering in the gloom like a nymph haunting a riot of foliage.

1933 S. Walker Night Club Era 92 She opened a place in East Fifty-eighth Street, with a fine bar and grillroom, a riot of decoration.

1950 A. Nicoll World Drama iv. iii. 287 Degenerate sensuality, wrapped in an intoxicating riot of words, casts its orchidian clamminess over every scene.

1969 Morning Star 9 July 4/3 The trees are flourishing better than ever, and the borders have been a riot of colour.

1991 N. Mailer Harlot's Ghost vi. viii. 1043 Their gardens and flowering trees are a riot of magenta and red.

2007 Sight & Sound Mar. 30/4 Her autobiography is a riot of screw-and-tell.

a. colloquial (originally Theatre). A roaringly successful show, performer, etc.; a hit; (more generally) a person who or thing which is extremely popular or makes a big impression.In later use frequently shading into sense 9b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > one who

up1536

speeder1580

succeeder1836

get-on1867

riot1909

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > other types

début1751

vehicle1785

benefit1802

showpiece1810

ticket-night1812

yatra1827

command1839

lollipopa1849

party piece1851

roadshow1874

one-night stand1878

stand1878

one-man show1879

small1886

command performance1897

ticket benefit1898

frivol1903

run-through1905

pre-production1906

riot1909

one-nighter1916

gala performance1932

improv1953

warm-up1958

workshopping1966

impro1979

1909 P. G. Williams in Sat. Evening Post 5 June 17/2 A riot, great success.

1910 Variety 20 Aug. 13/4 We continued being the big riot all over.

1922 Variety 28 July 5/5 He is a riot with all the waitresses over at the hotel.

1929 J. B. Priestley Good Compan. ii. i. 249 There isn't a more promising little show anywhere... It could have been an absolute riot.

1936 ‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fools xxvi. 253 He'd be a riot in a mental hospital.

1959 E. H. Clements High Tension viii. 134 Get that word-perfect..and you'll be a riot tomorrow.

1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 110 His rendering of ‘Barnacle Bill the Sailor’ was a riot and became his party piece.

b. A highly amusing or entertaining person or thing; a lot of fun.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > one who or that which is comical

comedy1535

toy1542

jest1602

joke1670

comic1674

high comedy1707

humorous1753

comicality1796

funny1852

funniosity1871

hot sketch1917

pisser1918

riot1919

panic1921

cocasserie1934

yell1938

mess1952

crack-up1961

1919 F. Hurst Humoresque 195 If you think that is a riot..you wait until you see the way they're going to eat me up in the court scene.

1930 J. V. A. Weaver Turning Point 46 Old Dan'll laugh 'em off. Dan is a riot!

1968 G. M. Williams From Scenes like These xiii. 303 It'll be hell on wheels at Chick's house, his folks are away. It'll be a riot, you know what Chick's like.

1994 Impact Oct. 4/3 The spermology page is a riot.

2002 R. Bennett in M. Ventham Spike Milligan 13 He was a riot in those early days.

10. U.S. colloquial = riot sale n. at Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > [noun] > disposal of goods at reduced price

riddance?1542

summer sale1840

drive1866

sale1866

clearance sale1880

bargain-sale1898

riot1968

1968 Daily Republic (Mitchell, S. Dakota) 11 Apr. 7/5 (advt.) Girls' jean riot!

1976 Salt Lake Tribune 20 Feb. 2 (advt.) Men's, ladies', children's shoe riot.

1993 Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard 31 May 3 a/1 (advt.) Dress riot. Choose from one or two piece styles.

†II. Extended and other uses.

11.

a. A proverbial saying; a homespun maxim or aphorism. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun]

saw9..

quideOE

yedOE

wordOE

wisdomc1175

bysawe?c1225

riotc1330

sentencec1380

textc1386

dict1432

diction1477

redec1480

say1486

adage1530

commonplace?1531

adagy1534

soothsay1549

maxima1564

apophthegm1570

speech1575

gnome1577

aphorisma1593

imprese1593

spoke1594

symbol1594

maxim1605

wording1606

impress1610

motto1615

dictum1616

impresa1622

dictate1625

effate1650

sentiment1780

great thought1821

brocarda1856

text-motto1880

sententia1917

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > proverb > [noun]

byspelc1000

bywordc1050

forbysena1250

riotc1330

proverbc1375

sayingc1390

paroemia1550

nayworda1616

diverb1624

proverbial1645

sooth1655

proverbialism1830

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 1191 (MED) Men saiþ..in olde riote [a1400 Egerton roote], Þat wimmannes bolt is sone schote.

b. A rambling discourse; a rigmarole. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > disconnectedness > disconnected writing or discourse

riot1340

scrabblementa1603

cockalane1627

ramble1694

maunder1835

maundering1853

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 99 God þe uader..heþ none hede of longe ryote [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues tarienge] of tales y-slyked ne y-rymed.

12. A company, a crowd. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals

lathingc897

sameningc950

gatheringc1000

ymongOE

droveOE

companya1275

routc1300

assembly1330

queleta1382

sembly1389

parliamenta1400

sankinga1400

concoursec1440

riotc1440

ensemblyc1500

unity1543

resorta1557

congress1639

resemblance1662

boorach1704

group1711

parade1722

assemblage1742

roll-up1861

agora1886

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 388 (MED) I may se þe Romaynes þat are so ryche halden, Arayede in þeire riotes on a rounde felde.

Phrases

P1. to run riot.

a. To act without restraint or control; to behave in a violent and unrestrained way.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > be unruly [verb (intransitive)] > act without restraint

to run riot?1523

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > have freedom of action [verb (intransitive)] > act without restraint

to run riot?1523

to run (out) at riot1529

to hang (or stay) loose1968

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lii If thou breke thy tedure and ron ryot at large, and knowe nat other mennes goodes from thyne owne.

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. Bv Here may ye se how T[indale] runneth ryot of his own wit.

1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 1^v So must I dispraise his methode in writing, which following the course of amarous Poets, dwelleth longest in those pointes, that profit least: and like a wanton whelpe, leaueth the game, to runne riot.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 122 Ye suffer your Tongues to run ryot in bitter Scoffs.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Rebel-rout, the Rabble, running Riot.

1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *Cij Sometimes also..he runs riot, like Ovid, and knows not when he has said enough.

1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 13 Sept. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1214 They ran riot, would not be kept within bounds by their leaders.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 30 To study how they may be employed most effectually to answer some good purpose; that if possible they may never run riot.

1848 Caledonian Mercury 9 Mar. A band of blackguards..ran riot on the property of their neighbours.

1883 R. Broughton Belinda III. 201 Away they go from the wind-freshened lake, whose waves are running riot in the sun.

1961 N. Coward Diary 27 May (2000) 471 She has run riot with patterned wallpapers and rainbow hues in every direction.

1976 Sunday Mail (Glasgow) 28 Nov. 43/3 The Bankies defence..kept Montrose from running riot as they so often threatened.

1998 Good Health Mag. Mar. 82/1 For most of the time, our five-year-old son dominates the household, runs riot, won't sit still for a moment and doesn't make a lot of sense.

b. Of a hunting hound: to follow the scent of an animal other than the intended prey. Also to hunt riot.The metaphorical use in quot. 1579 at Phrases 1a probably indicates earlier currency of this sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (intransitive)] > follow wrong scent

to hunt (the) changea1425

to run riot1594

hunt-counter1600

to run at check1667

riot1781

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 181 If hee cannot by sent finde out the game he seeketh, or if after he hath found it & is in chase, he fall to hunt riot [etc.].

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 76/1 When Hounds run at a whole Herd of Deer,..we say..[they] Run Riot.

1731 T. Salmon Mod. Hist. XIV. iv. 104 If the Hounds ran Riot..they are rated off.

1782 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting (new ed.) xiv. 191 Few of them will stop a hound, though he should run riot close beside them.

1809 Sporting Mag. 52/1 The first day they met, at a stag they ran riot, Though C-nn-ng in vain crack'd his whip to keep quiet, For away went the pack in full cry and full view Their game he was royal, to Windsor he flew.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 131 Leaving them..to hunt ‘riot’ unchecked.

1908 L. C. R. Cameron Otters & Otter-hunting x. 113 If hounds will run riot they are more likely to break away in front than to go back.

1955 Times 16 Sept. 12/7 Supposing that on a hot day in a blind country hounds get right away from the hunt staff..and the puppies hunt riot.

2007 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 24 Jan. b1 Sounding the distinctive notes that signal when the hunt is on, when a fox has been spotted, when the hounds are running riot, when the prey has gone to ground.

c. Of a mental faculty, emotion, etc.: to function or be expressed without restraint or to an excessive degree; to disregard all limitations.

ΚΠ

1781 M. Sherlock Lett. Several Subj. I. xiv. 113 Without it [sc. judgement] imagination runs riot.

1818 W. Hazlitt Characters Shakespeare's Plays 72 In the next passage, his imagination runs riot in the mischief he is plotting.

1849 E. Plunkett tr. A. de Lamartine Les Confidences xi. xxii. 232 My friendships, like my feelings, ran riot.

1895 Westm. Gaz. 15 Oct. 3/1 It is a case of invention running riot and outbounding restraint.

1915 G. O'Keeffe Let. Oct. in G. O'Keeffe & A. Pollitzer Lovingly, Georgia (1990) 52 You wear out the most precious things you have by letting your emotions and feelings run riot at such a rate.

1957 J. Braine Room at Top (1960) 114 ‘It's the thought of Alice,’ Teddy said, ‘unchaste thoughts are running riot.’

1992 Dancing Times May 751/2 That it verged upon incoherence suggests that Elkins should not allow his wild imagination to run riot.

2007 A. Hill Restyling Factual TV i. 15 Where there is so little to do that arguments abound and negative emotions run riot.

d. figurative. To spread uncontrollably, proliferate; spec. (of plants) to grow luxuriantly or wildly.

ΚΠ

1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 56 The overwandering ivy and vine This way and that in many a wild festoon Ran riot.

1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xv. 176 Thus rheumatism runs riot among them.

1958 B. Montgomery Mem. (1961) 365 Famine and disease would run riot through Germany.

1988 R. Tisserand Aromatherapy for Everyone (1990) iv. 92 Blood tests revealed that staphylococci were ‘running riot’.

2009 Sunday Business Post (Ireland) (Nexis) 22 Feb. Obviously, birds prefer hedgerows that are allowed to run riot.

†P2. to run (out) at riot: = to run riot at Phrases 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > have freedom of action [verb (intransitive)] > act without restraint

to run riot?1523

to run (out) at riot1529

to hang (or stay) loose1968

1529 T. More Dial. conc. Heresyes xxiii. f. xxxi^v/1 If reason be suffred to ren out at ryot & wax ouer hye hartyd & proude.

1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxx They..ether runne all to gether at ryott or kepe the law with cauteles and exposycions of their awne fayninge.

?1544 Bp. S. Gardiner Tract against W. Turner in Lett. (1933) 492 Your houndes have ron at ryot.

1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 12/1 So soone as a man beginneth to runne at riot, & leaueth the streight line.

a1628 J. Preston Breast-plate of Faith (1630) iv. 105 Take a seruant or a sonne, if he be able to liue from his Father, or Masters house, perhaps he will run at ryot still.

P3. in (also at) full riot: at the height of activity; in full swing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > in operation [phrase] > in full operation

afloat?1548

in (full) play1669

in full swing1703

at full swarth1713

in blast, at or in full blast1780

in (also at) full riot1848

1848 Yale Lit. Mag. Nov. 40 Humor grinned from every nook, and rollicking fun was in full riot about us.

1898 E. W. Hamilton Mawkin of Flow ix The spaning of the lambs was by with, and the ewe milking in full riot.

1934 F. A. Spencer Beyond Damascus ii. xx. 239 The festivals of Bacchus, who came to new life in the spring, were at full riot.

2001 G. Keillor In Search of Lake Wobegon 16/1 The eastern approach to Lake Wobegon is Division Street, St. Cloud, a five-mile strip of commerce in full riot.

P4. Originally and chiefly U.S. hyperbolically. to cause a riot: to attract attention or incite protest or controversy.

ΚΠ

1872 J. L. Templer Poems 49 At tea they chat, though now and then a jaw Will interrupt their peace, and cause a riot. Kell, blubbering, says, ‘'Tis so’; whilst Jack cries, ‘Pshaw, You nothing know’.

1889 Boston Globe 13 Nov. 2/2 Criticisms of the Sunday newspaper are mostly unfair... There are the various departments for men, women, and children, any one of which if left out would cause a riot in the community.

1921 Judge 24 Sept. 24/3 Gladys is causing a riot with her extra short skirt.

1963 A. Baraka Blues People x. 144 Bessie Smith was still causing riots in Chicago and..young Louis Armstrong was on his way to New York to join the Fletcher Henderson band.

1997 G. Oldman Nil by Mouth 25 Hasn't even got through breakfast, and he's caused a riot.

2006 M. Lupica Miracle on 49th Street xi. 85 Somehow walking in Beacon Hill with him dressed like he was, stocking cap pulled down tight, looking like a bit of a slob, didn't cause a riot.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 4).

a. Designating equipment worn or carried by police or other personnel in situations of crowd violence.

riot equipment n.

ΚΠ

1920 H. A. Bellows Treat. Riot Duty vi. 60 Steel helmets form an exceedingly useful part of riot equipment for all troops.

2001 J. Mazza Don't Disturb Neighbours vi. 109 Millions of dollars worth of riot equipment, including water cannons, remote-controlled television systems, barricade removers, and guns.

riot shield n.

ΚΠ

1951 Bee (Danville, Va.) 11 June 4/6 Malay and Gurkha police go through training of quelling ‘mobs’ by baton and riot-shield charges.

1967 Economist 7 Jan. 31/1 (caption) Calcutta police behind riot shields.

2009 Lincs. Echo (Nexis) 20 Jan. Officers equipped with riot shields and a police dog handler were called to the house..just before 4pm yesterday.

b. Designating personnel, esp. police, or vehicles deployed in situations of crowd violence.

riot cop n.

ΚΠ

1955 Jet 9 Dec. 4 (heading) Drop charges against 3 Cicero riot cops.

2000 Ralph 7 July 90 (caption) An environmental activist feels the touch of a riot cop's baton during a protest against a land-lease application.

riot police n.

ΚΠ

1927 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 7 Nov. 1/2 A force of 100 riot police threw cordons around the consulate, holding the crowd at bay.

1977 Times 18 Feb. 7/5 Riot police took control of Rome University tonight after using tear gas to disperse angry left-wing students.

2004 N. Barham Dis/Connected 56 Then the riot police arrive, with their helmets, shields and batons.

riot squad n.

ΚΠ

1907 Lake County Times (Hammond, Indiana) 13 Sept. 6/4 A riot squad of twenty-five patrolmen came up.

1955 Times 25 Aug. 9/2 The requirements for this are good intelligence arrangements and a mobile riot squad such as the strategic reserve in Cyprus will provide.

2005 A. Masters Stuart xxiii. 254 Then the riot squad had to grab their shields and clang along the metal balconies.

riot tank n.

ΚΠ

1930 Times 4 June 16/2 Riot tank shoots water... Berlin police have equipped themselves with a motorized and armored water tank car.

1969 C. Himes Black on Black (1973) 286 The riot tank didn't know where to look for him.

2003 M. Stanton Freedom Walk ii. 171 Jackson's mayor..had ordered a thirteen-thousand-pound armor-plated riot tank with a submachine gun mounted on it.

riot van n.

ΚΠ

1939 Times 25 Feb. 11/2 Machine-gun Escort at Shanghai Funeral... [The hearse was] followed at a discreet distance by a riot van ready for action.

1973 J. Drummond Bang! Bang! You're Dead! xxxiv. 116 There were extra police on duty, and several riot vans under the trees.

2004 N. Ryan Into World of Hate (new ed.) iv. 72 A riot van full of cops screeches around the corner, powering towards the police station.

riot wagon n.

ΚΠ

1914 Indianapolis Star 9 Mar. 3/1 At the time of labor trouble he was given the rank of lieutenant and placed in charge of a riot wagon.

1969 Guardian 5 Aug. 1/7 Finally riot wagons were moved in to block the oblique junction.

2005 Western Daily News (Nexis) 20 June People were battered and taken away and flung into the riot wagons.

C2.

a. Instrumental.Chiefly with past participles.

riot-battered adj.

ΚΠ

1947 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 13 Nov. 1/6 (headline) New Army Units Pour Into Riot Battered Marseille.

1976 Daily Times (Lagos) 27 Aug. 9/2 Unofficial reports said 20 bodies were found in the riot battered township on Wednesday.

2006 L. G. Collins & M. N. Crawford New Thoughts on Black Arts Movement 2 Calling for the ‘enrichment’ of riot-battered central cities, it also stressed the need for increased integration of outlying metropolitan areas.

riot-scarred adj.

ΚΠ

1912 Logansport (Indiana) Pharos-Reporter 4 Nov. 1/7 A futile attempt was made to ride an old-fashioned riot scarred car over the tracks of the street car company.

1965 Jet 16 Sept. 50 Martin Luther King, Jr. was forced to invoke the name of Elijah Muhammed to gain a hearing in the riot-scarred community of Watts.

2002 H. D. Graham Collision Course ii. 31 Rioting was expressive and cathartic, but it was also self-destructive, leaving a riot-scarred community further isolated.

riot-torn adj.

ΚΠ

1912 Daily Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 28 Mar. 1/5 Twelve companies of militia put end to disorder... The riot torn community was quiet and orderly earlier today.

1968 Economist 12 Oct. 3/2 The..riot-torn country of Northern Ireland.

1981 Yorks. Post 9 July 1/3 Prince Charles wants to help youngsters in Liverpool's riot-torn Toxteth area.

1992 N.Y. Times 5 May c13/1 A number of prominent figures in show business sought to help out in the riot-torn areas of South-Central Los Angeles.

b. With adjectives.

riot-prone n.

ΚΠ

1959 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 6 Sept. 3/2 Despite some danger signs, once riot prone Singapore is not expected to be the scene of major open trouble in the coming months.

2004 R. Pringle Short Hist. Bali x. 206 Pointed lectures explaining the difference between safe, peaceful Bali and riot-prone Jakarta.

riot-ripe n.

ΚΠ

1910 R. Kipling Rewards & Fairies 103 Tom Dunch an' some of his kidney was drinkin' themselves riot-ripe.

1968 Jet 26 Sept. 13 It is conceivable that such a threat made in riot-ripe Oakland, with its high unemployment and high Negro population, could mean serious trouble.

1998 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Free press (Nexis) 27 Sept. The Busch Stadium was so riot-ripe.

C3.

riot area n. = riot zone n.; (also) a part of a city which is prone to rioting.

ΚΠ

1913 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 5 July 10/3 Firing was incessant for hours after midnight in the riot area.

1934 T. Joslin Hoover Off Record xxiii. 278 Ira E. Keck, Lieutenant, Metropolitan Police Department..was detailed to the riot area as an aid to Commissioner Crosby.

1973 Freedom 2 June 3/1 No one who lives in the riot areas of Belfast needs any reminders of what violence can look like.

2001 J. P. Rhodes Voice of Violence ii. 34 Only two arrested during the riot were from outside the metro area. Most lived within the riot area itself.

riot call n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) an alarm calling the police, etc., to the scene of a riot; also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1892 Joint Documents Legislature Michigan II. x. 1264 This afternoon the court house bell ran the riot call and since then the city has been one huge palpitating nerve.

1905 N.Y. Evening Post 7 Nov. 2 Charges of illegal voting resulted in a disturbance which police were unable to subdue, and a riot call was sent in.

1951 Bios 22 201 At times of attempted robbery by..honey loving beasts such bears or skunks..a riot call is sounded and hundreds of workers are hastily sworn in as deputies to protect the precious stores.

2001 M. Bauerlein Negrophobia 174 Fifteen strokes sound from the fire bell—the riot call for state militia.

riot control n. the restoration or maintenance of law and order in situations of crowd violence; the policing of riots.

ΚΠ

1933 B. Smith Rural Crime Control v. 153 Methods of investigating and reporting criminal complaints, traffic and riot control, first aid, and allied subjects bearing directly upon the police.

1964 Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) IV. 877 In the last few years, an agent, CS, has been developed for riot control.

1974 North Myrtle Beach (S. Carolina) Times 17 Apr. 1/5 The riot control unit then had to make its way to Hillside Drive and make a similar sweep to quell trouble spots on that street.

2005 A. Coyle Understanding Prisons vii. 150 Until the mid-1970s prison staff did not receive specific training in riot control.

riot duty n. tasks and responsibilities relating to riot control.

ΚΠ

1877 Galaxy Sept. 397/2 The men give their services nearly free of expense, except during riot duty, when they are paid well.

1917 School Rev. 25 171 What is your opinion of using the militia in strike and riot duty?

2008 Vietnam Dec. 59/2 This was probably the worst assignment I've ever had because it did not involve soldiering. Rather, it was all about riot duty in Washington, D.C.

riot gas n. gas that causes severe irritation to the eyes or respiratory system, used chiefly in riot control to force crowds to disperse; tear gas.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > fire, radiation, or chemical weapons > [noun] > gas

poison gas1816

gas1897

mustard gas1917

tear-gas1917

yperite1917

mustard1918

phosgene1918

riot gas1930

war gas1934

nausea gas1936

nerve gas1940

tear-smoke1946

Sarin1951

Soman1951

pepper gas1968

stun gas1968

pepper spray1986

1930 Piqua (Ohio) Daily Call 19 May 9/4 Seven riot gas guns were ordered by penitentiary officials.

1969 Guardian 22 Jan. 1/3 A powerful fragmentation grenade which will scatter CS riot gas among demonstrators is being developed by the Ministry of Technology.

2002 C. Gould & P. Folb Project Coast Pref. p. vii Large quantities of riot gas were produced.

riot gear n. protective clothing and equipment worn by police or prison officers in situations of crowd violence.

ΚΠ

1950 Lubbock (Texas) Morning Avalanche 31 July 1/1 Gendarmes with riot gear and sabers drove up in trucks, surrounded the demonstrators, and threatened to arrest them.

1978 N.Y. Times 30 Mar. a5/6 Thousands of policemen..in riot gear.

2004 D. Peace GB 84 126/2 Rest of them ready to go toe-to-toe with boys in fucking blue—but they'd fucked off to get their riot gear.

riot gun n. a firearm used in riot control, (now) esp. one using non-lethal ammunition, such as baton rounds.

ΚΠ

1886 Logansport (Indiana) Daily Jrnl. 13 May 1/5 The gun has been called the ‘riot gun,’ and contains six buckshot charges.

1930 Morning Post 9 Apr. 11 Detectives in motor-cars equipped with ‘riot guns’ toured through the districts where violence was anticipated.

1990 M. Brave Bird & R. Erdoes Lakota Woman (1991) v. 71 Out of each car stepped two troopers with riot guns, helmets, and plastic shields, positioning themselves at both sides of each car.

riot helmet n. a reinforced helmet worn by police and security personnel when dealing with a riot.

ΚΠ

1957 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 4 Feb. 2/4 (caption) County Sheriff Albert E. Stone fits a riot helmet on Scout Charles Pickard.

1973 ‘S. Harvester’ Corner of Playground iii. v. 212 Tight-lipped young officers, whites of eyes gleaming under rim of riot-helmet.

2009 Los Angeles (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 20 Jan. Police Department officials decided that officers..should not immediately wear their riot helmets out of concerns the gear might escalate passions among the demonstrators.

riot-helmeted adj. That is wearing a riot helmet.

ΚΠ

1941 Chester (Pa.) Times 29 Mar. 2/8 Union officials said that 1,500 new members were among the men entering the plant, still guarded by riot-helmeted state motor police.

1970 Daily Tel. 18 Apr. 5/3 Three young women were wounded by shotgun pellets when 200 riot-helmeted, sheriff's deputies dispersed a crowd of about 700 smashing windows at a bank.

2002 R. Shogan War Without End ii. viii. 123 Police lines followed the truck, with riot-helmeted officers tossing tear gas canisters into the crowd.

riot sale n. U.S. slang a sale.The implication is that the bargains offered will attract a large number of customers and create a great clamour.

ΚΠ

1941 N.Y. Times 3 Sept. 30/7 (advt.) Golf riot sale! Starts Thursday at 8:30 a.m.

1981 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 24 Oct. 5/6 (advt.) Jean riot sale for men and women.

2006 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 31 Dec. Check out the European designer shoe and boot riot sale.

riot stick n. a stick or baton used by police, prison officers, etc., in riot control.

ΚΠ

1905 Evening Times (Cumberland, Maryland) 19 May 1/1 He rushed into the gallery brandishing his riot stick. In an instant it was broken and he was pinned to the wall.

1930 J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel v. 404 He'd been halfstunned by a riotstick.

1978 D. Francis Trial Run xi. 156 They were armed..with riot sticks. Nasty hard things like baseball bats, swinging from a loop of leather round the wrist.

2001 H. Collins No Smoke xii. 184 The crunching noise of a riot stick hits his ears first, before the blood spouts all over his face.

riot zone n. an area, usually within a city, in which a riot is taking place.

ΚΠ

1913 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 3 Dec. 5/5 (headline) Searchlight Aids Patrol of Riot Zone During the Night.

1975 R. H. Rimmer Premar Exper. (1976) i. 56 According to my informant, Bren and Merle were living in a rundown tenement house in the ‘riot zone’.

2002 R. Cahan Court that Shaped Amer. v. 164 The West Side [of Chicago] turned into a riot zone after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

riotv.

Brit.

/ˈrʌɪət/, U.S.

/ˈraɪət/

Forms: Middle English ryott, Middle English–1500s riote, Middle English–1500s ryotte, Middle English–1600s ryot, Middle English– riot, 1500s riotte, 1500s ryat, 1500s ryote, 1500s–1700s riott; also Scottish pre-1700 ryot (past tense), pre-1700 ryote.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rioter.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French rioter (French †rioter ) to argue, quarrel (1232 or earlier in Old French), to behave aggressively (second half of the 15th cent.) < riote riot n. Compare earlier rioting n. Compare later royet v. N.E.D. (1909) included an obsolete and rare sense ‘to use (words) with profusion or extravagance’, but the example apparently shows a compositorial error:1677 tr. H. de Mendoza Pleasant Hist. Lazarillo sig. G^v Ryoting [1586, 1655 reciting] more pleasant and sweet words than ever Ovid wrote [Sp. diziéndoles mas dulçuras que Ouidio escriuio].

I. Senses relating to dissipated or unrestrained behaviour.

†1. transitive (reflexive). To enjoy or indulge oneself; to take one's pleasure. Cf. sport v. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > take pleasure or enjoy oneself [verb (reflexive)] > indulge in pleasure to the full

riota1393

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > seek one's own interest [verb (reflexive)] > indulge oneself

riota1393

allow1608

indulge1659

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 4320 (MED) Sardana Pallus..Was..Falle into thilke fyri rage Of love..Wherof himself he so rioteth..That he duelte evere in chambre stille.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 923 (MED) The roo and þe rayne-dere reklesse thare ronnen In ranez and in rosers to ryotte þam seluen.

c1450 (?a1400) Sege Melayne (1880) 797 (MED) With ȝour clergye tournes agayne, Riste and Ryott ȝow by þe water of sayne.

a. intransitive. To act or behave in a wild, dissipated, or unrestrained way; to indulge to excess in something. Also transitive (reflexive) in the same sense. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > live dissolutely [verb (intransitive)]

riotc1405

jet?1518

royet1591

to live fast1673

rake1700

rant1700

to go the pace1829

racketeer1929

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Cook's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 50 Thus this ioly prentys [printed perntys] hadde his leeue Now lat hym riote [v.rr. riot; reuell] al the nyght or leeue.

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 47/2 Vnthriftes ryote and runne in Dette.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 86 They are ready to come home from straying and riotting abrode in the Parckes.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Pet. ii. 13 They that count it pleasure to riot in the day time.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 76 I wrote to you, when rioting in Alexandria you Did pocket vp my Letters.

1685 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II I. ii. 112 Had these men lived in those Good Pagan days wherein they might have rioted with Devotion, Sacrificed to the gods in drunken Bowls, and Worshipt in the Arms of a Strumpet.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 149 There foul adult'rers to thy bride resort, And lordly gluttons riot in thy court.

1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 64 They would have rioted in spirituous Liquor.

1779 Methodism & Popery dissected & Compared 9 To get possession of their wealth, and riot themselves in the luxurious enjoyments of the gifts of nature.

1802 Port Folio 20 May 161/2 Wine flows in bumpers, they toast to the fair... While they thus riot in bacchanal joy, A letter is brought their peace to destroy.

1840 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i Men who do nothing but waste and riot.

1899 W. E. Norris Giles Ingilby vii A sort of unrepentant prodigal son rioting off to far countries.

1900 T. D. Ingram Crit. Exam. Irish Hist. (1904) II. xxv. 244 A condemnation of the leaders who had led the Orangemen astray, and rioted themselves in luxury.

†b. transitive with it, in the same sense. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. D1^v This I scorne, that one..Should..riote it with the treasure of the realme.

1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 53 Who would not bee bounded in by any Councell.., but riot it as hee would himselfe.

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (lxxiii. 10 Paraphr.) 354 When they see them thus riot it in violence.

1686 T. Pierce Law & Equity Gospel 461 He shall praesume to smite his fellow Servants, and to riot it with the Drunken.

1765 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (Dublin ed.) I. iv. 154 These have nothing to do but..to riot it, to roar it.

c. intransitive. In extended use, usually with a sense of flourishing or proliferation (cf. sense 5). Frequently with in. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > prosper or flourish [verb (intransitive)] > in some respect

flower1340

flourishc1380

reign?c1500

riot1743

1743 J. Davidson in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 63 (note) Bees greedily clinging to the Summer Flowers, and rioting on the Blossoms.

1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor lxxxiii. 280 Distemper could not fail to riot there, if the town were not regularly perflated by the Inbat and land-breezes.

1811 H. G. Knight Phrosyne 39 When stern Winter riots unconfin'd.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. ii Then the Plague Riots in darkness mid his unknown victims.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 6 Ostentation, impurity rioted in the heart of a society which [etc.].

1913 Proc. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1912 294 Unscientific imagination rioted in mystery and extravagance.

1966 T. Kinsella Wormwood 16 Winter..riots in the heaven-sent Convulsions of self-punishment.

a. intransitive. To take great delight or pleasure in something; to revel in. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > be pleased [verb (intransitive)] > experience enjoyment

riot1538

grok1961

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Græcor,..to ryotte in bankettynge and rybaudrye.

1593 T. Lodge Phillis sig. D3 ^v Some laud the breast where loue his treasure locks, All like the eie that life and loue affordes. But none of these fraile beauties and vnstable Shall make my pen ryot in pompous stile.

1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore v. sig. I ^v To feast on your disgrace, riott in your vexations, cuckold you in your bride-bed, waste your estate vpon Panders and Bawds.

1658 R. Brathwait Age of Apes in Honest Ghost 251 I wonder much the State will suffer him Thus to triumph and riot in his sin.

1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xx. 328 To indulge and riot in these exquisitively bewitching Contemplations.

1773 Life N. Frowde 31 Few are the Brutes..that can riot in Cruelty to Infant Softness.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxxi. 350 Vaunting and, as it were, rioting in, her huge unworthiness.

1892 Lend Hand Jan. 21 One party was conquered and the other rioted in their ruin.

1920 South Atlantic Q. Apr. 170 Ward rioted in misery and comforted himself with reflections on the general stupidity and perverse worthlessness of by far the major part of mankind.

b. intransitive. With on, upon. To gorge oneself, feast. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast on [verb (transitive)]

riot1605

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de Faur Τετραστικα in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. 687 The Lybian Tigre which they haue espide Spoyling his Prey, and rioting vpon-'t.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 58 Sending heards of souls starvling to Hell, while they feast and riot upon the labours of hireling Curats.

1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 174 The vile Harpeian Brood..That rioted on human Blood.

1792 J. Richardson Let. 27 Oct. in Heber Lett. (1950) vi. 162 He rioted five times a week on delicious soles.

1827 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1851) III. x. 171 I perfectly rioted upon the scenery.

1884 D. G. Mitchell Bound Together vi. 211 We rioted upon the spoils with a gusto that I think none of us have felt over the grandest suppers since.

1901 Dental Digest Aug. 593 We fairly rioted on chicken, cucumbers, codfish balls, [etc.].

4. transitive. With away, †out. To waste or squander by living in an extravagant or dissolute fashion; (also) to pass (a period of time) in a wasteful or dissipated way.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > squander [verb (transitive)]

forspendc893

scatter1154

dispend1303

waste1340

misspendc1390

miswastec1400

consumec1425

waste1474

profund1527

lasha1535

prodige1538

lavish1542

to play away1562

riot1566

embezzle1578

dilapidate1590

squander1593

confound1598

to make ducks and drakes of or withc1600

prodigalize1611

profuse1611

squander1611

paddle1616

bezzle1617

to run out of ——1622

to piss away1628

prodigal1628

decoct1629

to bangle (away)1632

debauch1632

deboise1632

to fribble away1633

to fool out1635

to run outa1640

to fiddle away1667

slattera1681

dissipate1682

to play off1693

duck-and-drake1700

liquidate1702

sparkle away1703

waster1821

befool1861

to frivol away1866

to play (at) duck and drake with1872

to fling away1873

mislive1887

slather1904

mucker1928

profligate1938

peter1956

spaff2002

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > spend or pass in dissolute living [verb (transitive)]

riot1566

1566 T. Becon New Postil i. f. 27 Other deuoure, riot awaie consume prodigallie al things by costly apparell, & gorgeous building.

1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres v. xxi. sig. Aa4^v Whilst we..Ryot away for nought, whole Prouinces.

1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix ii. v. 992 How many young (that I say not old) Gentlemen and Gentlewomen of birth and quality,..most sinfully riot away the very creame and flower of their yeeres.

1652 T. Brooks Precious Remedies 69 The evill servant did not riot out his talent.

1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 179 [Her husband]..Rioted out the Income of her Fortune in such blameable Diversions.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xlvii. 169 Who..had rioted away a great Part of his Masters Goods and Money, and had run his own Credit out of Doors.

1798 T. Holcroft He's Much to Blame ii. vi. 26 It is degrading for a woman of rank to riot away life.

1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. i. 38 Retreats..in which to..riot away the intervals of repose.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 71 He..Had rioted his life out, and made an end.

1908 H. Green Maison de Shine 177 Little Minnie Mangle, the Child Wonder, was not permitted to riot away her days in the pursuit of idle pleasure.

1963 L. Cottrell Realms of Gold xx. 170 The suitors are rioting away its absent owner's wealth.

1996 D. Hofstadter Love Affair as Work of Art i. 10 As a student he had rioted away his youth in six countries.

5. intransitive. Of a plant: to grow rapidly, wildly, and in abundance. Cf. riot n. Phrases 1a.In later use frequently with admixture of sense 7b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > grow well or flourish [verb (intransitive)] > grow quickly

riot1567

to come away1669

rush1775

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 55 Neither doth it seeme to ryot vntill suche time as it is plentifull in yeelding seede.

1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 49 Flow'rs that in Sun-shines riot still, Dye scorch'd and sapless.

1835 New-Eng. Mag. Nov. 358 Wild plants are rioting over the broken edges.

1874 Friends' Intelligencer 14 Nov. 603/2 Crimson flowers, which were rioting on the wealth the parent leaves had gathered from the earth and air.

1912 ‘Q’ Hocken & Hunken xix. 239 Early neglect has allowed the plant to riot up and over the roof-thatch.

1972 N. Freeling Long Silence (1975) i. 39 Roses..rioted round pergolas and climbed up to the gutters of the roof.

1989 A. Walker Temple of my Familiar vi. 373 I notice the purple clematis is about to riot over one corner of the carport.

II. Senses relating to violence or disturbance of the peace.

†6. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To ravage, harry, spoil (land, a country, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)]

reaveOE

harrowc1000

ravishc1325

spoil1382

forayc1400

forage1417

riflea1425

distrussc1430

riotc1440

detruss1475

sacka1547

havoc1575

sackage1585

pillagea1593

ravage1602

yravish1609

boot-hale1610

booty-hale1610

plunder1632

forage1642

rape1673

prig1819

loot1845

raid1875

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1883 Thane relyez þe renkez of þe rounde table For to ryotte þe wode.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 500 All that he fand he maid it his; And ryotit [1489 Adv. ryotyt] gretly the lande.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 4553 He..gert his folk wiþe mekyl mayne Ryote [halely] þe cuntre.

a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) li. l. 532 And leit the Persantis..Ryote hir landis and oure ryde.

a. intransitive. To participate in a violent, uncontrolled attack on property and people; (now) esp. to take part in a violent disturbance of public order by a crowd.Now the most common sense.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > riot [verb (intransitive)]

riot1625

rabblea1861

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes IV. viii. iv. 1586 This said Lord had also deliuered many from death of those which were fled thither out of other Prouinces, where they had rioted and tyrannized, and come thither sicke, and halfe dead for hunger.

1641 T. Heywood Life of Merlin vi. 47 Gormundus with the Saxons rioted and made havock in this Island.

1729 J. Harvey Life R. Bruce iii. 146 Long had he seen the haughty South'ron Bands, Reign uncontroul'd, and riot o'er his Lands.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. To Riot..4. To raise a sedition or uproar.

1784 J. Hartley Hist. Westm. Election 101 This mob still continued rioting all over the Garden, hallooing ‘Fox forever!’

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) III. 432 Hitherto the mob had rioted and destroyed at will.

1888 R. Whiteing Island xix. 191 The people at large were not so fortunate: they became like wild beasts with hunger; they rioted at Ely, they rioted at Spa-Fields.

1928 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 24/1 Those who rioted at Valentino's funeral, and those who fought their way into the courtrooms to catch a glimpse of Ruth Snyder..are equally unable to explain their motives.

1981 W. Ebersohn Divide Night v. 71 When they [sc. blacks] rioted they did it with greater anger here [i.e. in Johannesburg] than anywhere else.

2002 P. V. Bohlman World Music p. xiii Anti-globalists rioted in the streets.

b. intransitive. In extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > be unruly [verb (intransitive)] > be riotous

rout?a1425

riot1632

1632 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. Iron Age ii. i. sig. E Stay Wife, lay thine eare Vnto the ground and list, if we can gather Of what condition this strange vproare is That riots at this late vnseasoned houre?

1708 S. Colby Serm. Preach'd Anniv. Martyrdom Charles I 7 Famine, Death and Desolation have riotted in the Palaces of Princes.

1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady 50 Here the mad gale had rioted and thrown Far drifts of snowy petals.

1887 Harper's Mag. Dec. 56/1 The vagrant winds were abroad, rioting among the clifty heights,..or raiding down into the sheltered depths of the Cove.

1903 H. Keller Story of my Life I. xii. 45 The wind rioted up and down the country.

1995 Diver Aug. 67/1 I slipped into the living planktonic soup where tiny copepods rioted in the water.

†c. intransitive. To make a disturbance; to make a scene, ‘kick up a fuss’. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1787 F. Burney Diary 26 Feb. (1842) III. 336 Had he surprised the two Equerries in my room,..how would he have rioted!

a. transitive. To force (a person) into a specified action or situation by rioting. Frequently with into. Now rare (chiefly North American in later use).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > by violence

riot1661

mob1720

1661 J. Howell Divers Historicall Disc. 384 He was alwaies ready to return, provided there might be a course taken to secure his Person, with those Peers and other who were rioted away from the Houses.

1775 P. Duigenan Pranceriana 226 He resolved..to establish a band of desperadoes to riot him into credit, and awe the importunate and refractory by the dread of personal violence.

1837 Affairs of Canadas vii. 65 Two anti-constitutionalists were rioted into the Assembly.

1889 Amer. Med. Jrnl. 17 192 Two professors of a South Carolina college were recently rioted into a resignation.

1913 Ann. Rep. Board of Home Missions Presbyterian Church U.S.A. 163 History has it that the first missionary who came here expecting to locate, was rioted out.

†b. transitive. In weakened use: to badger (a person) to do something. Also: to distract (a person) from doing something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge, press, or impel

pullc1300

firk1340

enforce138.

pressa1393

thrust14..

impel1490

urge1576

to put (a person) to it1581

importune1598

to lay weight upon1600

riot1777

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc.

warnc888

withseta1330

defendc1330

conclude1382

privea1387

retainc1415

refrain1442

prohibit1483

repel1483

stop1488

sever?1507

discourage1528

seclude?1531

prevent1533

foreclose1536

lock1560

stay1560

disallow1568

intercept1576

to put bya1586

crossa1616

stave1616

prevent1620

secure1623

stave1630

riot1777

tent1781

footer1813

to stop off1891

mozz1941

1777 F. Burney Jrnl. 7 Apr. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 258 Dr. Wall..advised me, or, rather, rioted me, to get out, & go & see the salute.

1781 F. Burney Diary c3–4 July in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 398 This rattle..Mrs. Thrale most kindly kept up by way of rioting me from thinking.

c. transitive. To attack or assail during the course of a riot. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > in a riot

rabble1661

scour1681

mob1696

small-gang1851

riot1886

1886 Referee 21 Feb. 7/3 The West-End tradespeople who were ‘rioted’.

1900 Daily News 4 Sept. 7/5 S.K.T. Station has been rioted and completely destroyed.

9. intransitive. Hunting. = to run riot at riot n. Phrases 1. Also with after, on.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (intransitive)] > follow wrong scent

to hunt (the) changea1425

to run riot1594

hunt-counter1600

to run at check1667

riot1781

1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xix. 248 I have always found hounds most inclined to riot when most upon their mettle.

1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 205 All light sharp-nosed dogs will always be much more inclined to riot than deep-flewed dogs.

1852 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 365 They [sc. the hounds] did riot a little when they came across a kangaroo-rat.

1908 W. Francis Nilgiris i. 35 He [sc. the porcupine] also occasionally proves himself an unpleasant antagonist to any of the Ootacamund hounds which riot on the strong scent he carries.

1971 Country Life 7 Oct. 897/1 Hounds will riot more readily after roe deer than any other species.

1976 Horse & Hound 3 Dec. 38/1 A great deal of time would be spent, however, correcting the pack rioting on Scotch sheep.

1992 Daily Mail (Nexis) 16 Feb. 3 I was with a group of followers at the Puckeridge and Thurlow Hunt when the pack hounds rioted.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	riot
释义	riotn. Brit. /ˈrʌɪət/, U.S. /ˈraɪət/ Forms: Middle English reaut, Middle English reot, Middle English riaut, Middle English riout, Middle English ryaute, Middle English ryett, Middle English ryette, Middle English ryout, Middle English–1500s riote, Middle English–1500s riott, Middle English–1500s ryat, Middle English–1500s ryote, Middle English–1500s ryotte, Middle English–1600s riotte, Middle English–1600s ryot, Middle English–1600s ryott, Middle English– riot, 1500s–1600s riet; Scottish pre-1700 riat, pre-1700 ryat, pre-1700 ryatte, pre-1700 ryet, pre-1700 ryett, pre-1700 ryote, pre-1700 ryott, pre-1700 1700s ryot, pre-1700 1700s– riot. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French riot. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman riot, riott, ryot, ryott, riout, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French riot , masculine, Anglo-Norman riotte, ryote, (plural) reautes, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French riote, feminine (French riotte , riote (both now archaic and regional)) unreasonable action, folly (1155), dispute, quarrel (late 12th cent.), waywardness (c1185 or earlier), noise, din (c1290 or earlier), idle chatter (13th cent. or earlier), civil disturbance (1339 or earlier), revelry (a1382 or earlier), of unknown origin. Compare ( < French or English) post-classical Latin riota , riotus (frequently from 1387 in British sources); also (probably < French, or perhaps its cognate) Old Occitan riota (c1325; 1278 as ariote ), ( < French or Occitan) Catalan †ariot (1310 in an apparently isolated attestation), Spanish regional (Aragon) †riota (late 14th cent.), and ( < French) Italian †riotta (first half of the 14th cent.). Compare later royet n. I. Senses relating to wild or uncontrolled behaviour. †1. Waywardness; contrariness. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun] riot?c1225 contrariositya1340 contrarietyc1380 contrariness1398 contrariousness1398 repugnance?a1425 contrariancec1450 oppositiona1500 contraposition1581 countermatching1587 counterposition1594 antipathy1601 antistrophe1605 thwarting1609 contrariancya1617 antithesis1631 contrast1731 contrastiveness1949 society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > intractability or recalcitrance > perverse riot?c1225 contumacec1230 waywardnessc1384 contumacyc1386 sturdinessa1400 stoutnessc1400 contumation1618 gainsayingness1648 contumaciousness1654 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 102 Contumace..fet hwa se is anewil i þing þet ha haueð undernume to donne, beo hit god, beo hit uuel, þet na wisure read ne mei bringen hire ut of hire riote [a1250 Titus him of his fol riote]. 2. a. Riotous living; the pursuit of a wanton, dissolute, or extravagant lifestyle; debauchery, dissipation. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [noun] ribaldyc1300 riotc1330 ribaldry1389 riotingc1390 riotry?a1400 wildnessc1400 arrioutc1410 ramageness1440 ribaldise?c1450 unthriftinessc1450 ramagec1485 riotousness?1535 royet1542 dissoluteness1549 ruffianing1549 riotness1553 wildernessa1616 debauchery1642 profligateness1668 profligacy1693 rakishness1737 rakism1777 profligation1805 rouéism1828 the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > debauchery riotc1330 dissolutionc1400 dissoluteness1549 debauchment1617 debauchery1642 debauch1673 dissipation1785 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [noun] > personified riotc1330 c1330 Body & Soul (Auch.) (1889) 50 (MED) So ȝong þi riot [Laud blisse] to forsake, And euer to liue in sorwe and wo! a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 48 A saumpul her be þaem I say, þat rages in þare riot [c1450 BL. Add. 36983 Reaut] ay; In riot [c1450 BL. Add. 36983 Riaut] and in rigolage, Of all þere liif spend þai þe stage. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 122 Þei wasten moche good in ryot & glotonye. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 54 Who that sekithe ryot gladly, he metithe therewith. a1500 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Hunterian) (1976) i. 308 (MED) Our sone..ȝeuyth hym to ryot, glotonye, and lecherye, & to grete festis & to gret fare. ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. C^v In ryot and dronkenesse Theyr name defylynge, despysynge all goodnesse. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxiij^v Al to mainteyne your ryot, pryde, and voluptuousnes. 1600 P. Holland tr. J. B. Marlianus Svmmary Topogr. Rome v. xii, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1387 There was nothing wanting, that might serue for pleasure or prodigall riot. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 715 All now was turn'd to jollitie and game, To luxurie and riot, feast and dance. View more context for this quotation 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 77 The Lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day. a1788 W. J. Mickle Siege of Marseilles in Poems & Trag. (1794) iv. iii. 308 Leave th' Adulterer in triumphant riot In your love bed, drunk with Erminia's charm's. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. iv. viii. 272 Hyder..spent his life between the labours of the chase, and the pleasures of voluptuous indolence and riot. 1867 W. H. Van Doren Suggestive Comm. St. Luke II. xv. 97 Misery comes treading on the heels of riot. Pleasures of sin are very brief but its sorrows are long. 1905 H. Sutcliffe Red o' the Feud iv. 39 In his extreme youth, he had been over-fond of liquor, over-fond of riot and wild pleasures. 1971 D. O. Hamilton Four Gardens 52 No heralding of riot, satyr-born, Outrang that careless cymbal's crashing mirth! †b. Usually with capital initial. As a personification. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Aiv^v With other foure of theyr affynyte Dysdayne. Ryotte. Dyssymuler. Subtylte. 1579 Poore Knight his Pallace sig. Iii^v Where riot rules within the ship, there Whoredome holds an Ore, And Sloth doth holde the fickle helme, while Enuy row to shore. 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres i. lxxxi. sig. E2^v Wrong-worker Riot. 1609 T. Dekker Worke for Armorours sig. E2^v Riot (a smooth-fac'd Ganimed) slept in her lap. 1754 T. Scott tr. Table of Cebes 144 See! Riot her luxurious Bowl prepares. 1782 F. Douglas Birth-day iii. 57 Enough.–To lighter scenes I turn, Where Folly leads the world astray; Where souls, for trash, ignobly burn, And Riot forms her wild array. 1819 ‘F. Moore’ Age of Intellect 73 Now Riot commenced her disgusting career. c. figurative and in extended use. Now rare. ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 342 One-while the Boulime, then the Anorexie..rage with monstrous ryot. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 89. ⁋4 This invisible riot of the mind, this secret prodigality of being, is secure from detection, and fearless of reproach. 1801 Edinb. Mag. Sept. 216/2 Those passions, which had been so unwisely restrained by the ignorance of parental precaution, now burst forth into all the riot of folly, and extravagance of dissipation. 1865 Bulwark 1 Dec. 158 To revert to the mental riot and the moral uncleanness of heathenism. 1918 F. Grierson Illusions & Realities of War 54 We must be able to distinguish between mental riot and mental reality. We must learn the difference between futile fancies and fundamental facts. 1990 D. C. Delis Passion Paradox 18 Balanced lovers find something vastly more manageable, and deeper, to replace the emotional riot of courtship. 3. An instance or course of riotous living; esp. an act of noisy, wanton revelry; a riotous or unruly feast or revel. Formerly also: †an extravagant display of something (obsolete). Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [noun] > instance or course of riotc1330 the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > [noun] > (an) ostentatious display pompc1330 vaunterya1492 pomping pridec1503 braga1513 flaunt-a-flaunt1576 plume1580 affecting1584 top and topgallant1593 ruffle1609 parado1621 riota1649 flutter1667 show1713 sprunk1746 to make a splash1804 show-off1811 paraffle1816 shine1819 splurge1828 gaud1831 spludge1831 poppy-show1860 razzle1885 razzmatazz1917 foofaraw1933 showbiz1970 glitz1977 society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous > disturbance arising from riot1783 c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 30 (MED) He scholde nowt in Rome bilaue, For Burgeis, maiden, oþer knaue Miȝte him in som riot sette Þat al his lore he scholde lette. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 4459 He þenkþ hold an huge ryot..Wyþ-inne þis forteniȝt. c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Huntington) v. l. 7131* (MED) Lucius..lacketh reule His oghne astat to guide and reule..Bot every riot ate laste Mot nedes falle and mai noght laste. c1425 Myrour to Lewde Men & Wymmen (Harl.) (1981) 208 (MED) Þei..lyueþ after her iolyte þat loueþ wel companyes, ryotes, & vanitees. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 129 Ther cometh of glotonye..ryottes, wronges, and molestacyons. 1576 E. Aggas tr. P. de Mornay Def. of Death sig. D You are rewarded for the excesse and ryots of your youth, with the gout, palsie, stone. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion vii. 102 The ryots to represse of this outrageous crue. 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ix. 455 I swim in a vast and boundlesse ocean of rapture, and surfeit in a riot of superaboundant delacies. a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James I in Wks. (1711) 9 They abolished Riots of all sorts of Pearl..; only Women were permitted to wear a small Carkanet of them about their Necks. a1700 C. Sedley Wks. (1722) I. 28 Roots he preferr'd, and Pot-herbs To all the Pomp and Riots of a Crown. 1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. II. ii. 45 In gaming, drinking, debauchery, and country riots, he [sc. Oliver Cromwell] consumed the more early years of his youth. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 181 There was nothing from which I had painted out for myself so joyous a riot of the affections. 1783 G. Crabbe Village ii. 29 And hark! the riots of the Green begin, That sprang at first from yonder noisy inn. 1830 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 631 What if in senates the repentant rake Bestows the sleep his riots used to break? 1883 Cent. Mag. Sept. 790/1 There are mock snow-balls to be picked up from the floor and tossed all over the room in a jolly riot of fun. 1910 E. Rolt-Wheeler Famous Blue-stockings 3 Days consumed in disorderly riots. 1956 F. C. Capozzi God's Fool viii. 128 Your Holiness, I am told that the prayer meetings of these Franciscans are a riot of merrymaking. They are wont to spice their sermons with droll stories, jokes and abundant laughter. 4. a. A violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd; an outbreak of violent civil disorder or lawlessness. Formerly also: †a violent attack (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] fiend-reseOE frumresec1275 assault1297 sault1297 inracea1300 sailing13.. venuea1330 checkc1330 braid1340 affrayc1380 outrunningc1384 resinga1387 wara1387 riota1393 assailc1400 assayc1400 onset1423 rake?a1425 pursuitc1425 assemblinga1450 brunta1450 oncominga1450 assembly1487 envaya1500 oncomea1500 shovea1500 front1523 scry1523 attemptate1524 assaulting1548 push1565 brash1573 attempt1584 affront?1587 pulse1587 affret1590 saliaunce1590 invasion1591 assailment1592 insultation1596 aggressa1611 onslaught1613 source1616 confronta1626 impulsion1631 tentative1632 essaya1641 infall1645 attack1655 stroke1698 insult1710 coup de main1759 onfall1837 hurrah1841 beat-up of quarters1870 offensive1887 strafe1915 grand slam1916 hop-over1918 run1941 strike1942 society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > a disturbance or riot stormOE disturbance1297 disturblancec1330 riota1393 disturbation1529 ruffle1534 upstir1549 tumult1560 embroilment1609 hubbuba1625 embroil1636 ruction1809 uproaring1827 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 2542 (MED) Achab..tok non hiede Til ate laste..Benedab, king of Surie, Of Irahel a gret partie..Hath sesed; and of that riote He tok conseil in sondri wise. 1433 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §14. m. 17 In eschuyng of riotes..and disobeissances ayenst the kynges astate. 1462 J. Gresham in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 273 Maister Yeluerton..seid..þat þe Kyng shulde..come into þis cuntre and se suyche riottes as haue be in þis cuntre punysshed in suche fourme as happely summe shulde hange by the nekke. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) vii. l. 2586 Þe Inglis..slew þe almerale of þat flot; And al þe laif in þat ryote. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 77 (MED) We, out tyte, that they were tayn; That ryett radly shall thay rew. 1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 7 Processes shalbe made..in like maner as is made upon enditements of riottes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 83 (margin) A riot made vpon Jewes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. i. 34 The Councell shall heare it, it is a Riot . View more context for this quotation 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iv. 152 Such vnallowable Ryots, being expresly against..the quietnesse and liberty of the Christians. 1638 in Trans. E. Lothian Antiquarian & Field Naturalists' Soc. (1932) 2 141 The ryot committit be [him] in the persone of Janet Adasone. 1670 A. Marvell Let. 8 Dec. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 120 The Bill for Conventicles hath been twice red & committed. It makes them henceforth riots. 1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 337 An abominable Riot committed in All-Souls College. 1759 T. Smollett Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) X. 179 After having..heard the proclamation against riots read in public. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) Every description of peace officers may and ought to do..all that in him lies towards the suppressing riots. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. xi. 275 A tumult on account of a particular or private grievance amounts at the most to a riot. 1887 W. Hunt Bristol 203 All former riots..sink into insignificance compared with the Reform riots of 1831. 1919 Times 16 May 8/4 Places to fly from, over-taxed, decaying, given to strikes and riots, to intimidation and rebelry. 1967 M. L. King Where do we go from Here? (1968) iv. 133 A riot is at bottom the language of the unheard. 2001 Fresh Produce Jrnl. 14 Sept. 43/4 The riots reached boiling point when one hoodlum discovered that orange oil was inflammable. b. Violent disturbance of the peace, esp. by a crowd; civil disorder. Formerly also: †depredation, plunder (obsolete).Now chiefly in legal contexts. Cf. note at rout n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] riot1400 tumult1412 misgovernail?a1439 rout1439 revel1462 tumultuationc1475 stir1487 rangat?a1513 rangale1513 turmoil1526 ruffle1532 confusion1555 disorder1558 roaring1617 mayhem1976 1400 Ld. Grey of Ruthin Let. June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 3 (MED) Our liege Lord es pryve seal..commaundyng me..to apees the misgouernance and the riote..in the marches of North Wales. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 106 (MED) He þat bereth the dyamand vpon him..it kepeth him fro strif & ryot [Fr. riotz]. a1450 Simonie (Bodl. 48) (1991) l. 451 Riot reyneþ now in londe eueri day more and more. 1451 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Let.-bks. London (1911) K. 338 (MED) They..falle on ryott and other misgouvernance. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 510 To pass In yngland, for till burn to sla, And swa gret ryot thar till ma. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1673 He..All throucht the land in ryot rad. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 24 b I thinke these same..commit no lesse ryot, then those which crucified Christ. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 147 I know none so rank-minded, to enter vpon your proper possessions thy riot [Errours Escaped by riot]. 1631 in J. Stuart Misc. Spalding Club (1842) II. 226 The constable is supreame iudge in all materis of ryot disordour bloode and slaughter committed within four myllis of the kingis persone. 1687 in H. Paton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1932) 3rd Ser. XIII. 173 In ane actione and caus of oppressione, violence or ryott intented befor the Lords. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xi. 68 You left the metropolis exposed..to every species of riot and disorder. 1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 315 Let active laws apply the needful curb To guard the peace that riot would disturb. 1819 Ld. Eldon in Ld. Campbell Chancellors (1857) VII. 392 What constitutes riot enough to justify dispersion is no easy matter to determine. 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 484 The swords of the demagogues striking at the gates of San-Ildefonso..; in a word, riot in the very apartments of Christina. 1895 W. Besant Westminster ix. 229 For downright bludgeon rowdiness and riot, the rabble at Westminster..was equalled by few towns. 1953 H. L. Beales in D. V. Glass Introd. Malthus 5 London was at the mercy of what historians of the eighteenth century have called ‘the mob’, for five days of arson and riot. 1991 R. Reiner Chief Constables iii. viii. 181 The clarification of riot, unlawful assembly, I see as an advantage, helping us rather than hindering. 2005 Washington Post 13 Aug. b3/2 [He] also entered an Alford plea to one count of riot. 5. Hunting. Of a hound: the action of following the scent of an animal other than the intended prey. Also: animals whose scent is followed by the hound in this way. Frequently, and now chiefly, in to run riot at Phrases 1.In quot. c1425² apparently a name for a rabbit. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > following wrong scent riotc1425 c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 66 (MED) A spaynel, ȝif he se geet, kyen, or hors..he wil renne anoon and bygynne to baffe at hem, and bycause of hem þe greihoundes shall renne þerto for to take þe beest þorgh his eggyng, for he wil make al þe ryot and al þe harme. c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 41 What Racches þat rennen to a Cony in ony tyme, hym ouȝt to be astried, sayeng to him lowde, ‘ware Riot ware’, for non oþer wilde best in Engelond is callid ryott sauf þe Conynge alonly. 1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. ii. sig. Eiiij Some hound by no meanes wil be rated from riote, and some will neuer forsake, his vndertaken game. 1663 J. D. tr. H. de Péréfixe de Beaumont Hist. Henry IV iii. 243 The French hath it, Prendre le Change, which is taken for flying out at a wrong Deer like hounds of Riot. 1782 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting (new ed.) vi. 88 Take them [sc. young hounds] first where you have least riot. 1782 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting (new ed.) vii. 106 The next day, they should be walked out amongst hares, and deer, and stopped from riot. 1842 ‘Nimrod’ Life Sportsman ii. 31 Walk your hounds amongst riot (i.e. hares and deer) in the summer. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 123 Until..hounds are entered to their particular game, they must not be too much rated and broken from ‘riot’. 1890 Sat. Rev. 1 Feb. 135/1 A slight variation in the note of a hound..tells him that the hound has been too free with his tongue on riot (the hunting term for the scent of the wrong animal). 1939 Times 31 Aug. 6/4 Hounds rand very fast up to the road..but just by the Keeper's Cottage a squirrel jumped up in the middle of them. They were soon stopped off on this riot..and hunted on steadily. 1952 J. I. Lloyd Come Hunting! iv. 196 A hare took hounds into a big covert where there was a little riot. 6. Revelry, celebration, merriment, esp. of an unrestrained, lively, or noisy nature; (in extended use) noise, hubbub. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous revela1375 riotc1440 revel-rout1587 wassail1603 randan1640 rant1650 high-go1774 splore?a1786 gilravagea1796 spree1804 lark1811 spray1813 shindy1821 randy1825 randy-dandy1835 batter1839 flare-up1844 barney1850 jamboree1868 tear1869 whoop-up1876 beano1888 razzle1892 razzle-dazzle1893 bash1901 society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous > unrestrained riotc1440 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > rowdy noise riotc1440 racket1565 obstreperousness1655 rattle1688 rowdyism1838 rowdy-dow1845 rowdiness1847 rooty-toot1852 racketiness1939 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 412 (MED) Thene the roy reall rehetes thes knyghttys Wyth reuerence and ryotte of all his rounde table. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. Prol. 159 Lat ws in ryot leif, in sport and gam. a1681 R. Allestree 40 Serm. (1684) I. vi. 83 It is to chuse the riot of one meal, one good feast, and to starve the whole remainder of a mans life. 1728 J. Thomson Spring 23 To swell the Riot of the gathering Feast. 1739 P. Whitehead Manners 8 What sing-song Riot, and what Eunuch-squawling. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. vi. 173 A sound of many voices in loud merriment burst upon her ear. It seemed not the laugh of cheerfulness, but of riot. 1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris (ed. 2) Pref. p. lxv The free vent given to what may be termed the clamour and riot of satisfaction by the absence of official arrangement. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xix. 197 Quickening their steps to get clear of all the roar and riot. 1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens II. xii. vii. 326 With bray of snorting horns and riot of exploding guns. 1920 J. Farnol Geste of Duke Jocelyn xii. 251 The air thrilled with this merry riot. 1966 A. J. Arberry tr. M. Iqbal Javid-nama 35 Unto the passion of minstrelsy give leave to clamour and riot, Give wine again to profligate and censor. 2005 A. Sage Magyk xviii. 183 After ten years of waking every day to the busy sounds of The Ramblings, not to mention the riot and hubbub of the six Heap boys, the silence was deafening. 7. An unbridled or uncontrollable emotion, passion, or desire; (now usually) an outburst of such feelings. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > [noun] > sudden outburst or access of passion heatc1200 gerec1369 accessc1384 braida1450 guerie1542 bursting1552 ruff1567 riot1575 suddentyc1575 pathaire1592 flaw1596 blaze1597 start1598 passion1599 firework1601 storm1602 estuation1605 gare1606 accession?1608 vehemency1612 boutade1614 flush1614 escapea1616 egression1651 ebullition1655 ebulliency1667 flushinga1680 ecstasy1695 gusta1704 gush1720 vehemence1741 burst1751 overboiling1767 explosion1769 outflaming1836 passion fit1842 outfly1877 Vesuvius1886 outflame1889 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iv. f. 60 For and ȝe do..but debait Agane Venus rais ony rank riat [etc.]. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 173 Shall these hands..make a ryot on the gentle brow Of true sincerity? View more context for this quotation 1763 A. Murphy Citizen i. i. 1 How the devil could the young baggage raise this riot in your heart? 1797 M. G. Lewis tr. F. Schiller Minister ii. i. 44 In the riot of my senses my heart still is conscious of a void. 1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 91 Sudden a thought..in his pained heart Made purple riot. 1896 H. W. Mabie Bks. & Culture ix. 113 There are passages in the Shakespearian plays and sonnets which make a riot in the blood to-day as they doubtless set the poet's pulses beating three centuries ago. 1910 Scribner's Mag. Jan. 25/2 She struggled with her tears, her face contorted, her bosom heaving in riot... Passion grew upon her, passion of regret, of loss, of rage, of desire. 1955 H. Kenner Dublin's Joyce viii. 132 This riot of feelings corresponds to no vocation definable in mature terms. 2006 Times (Nexis) 7 Sept. 90 The riot of emotions that swept the Stade de France. 8. With of. An impressively large or varied display of something, esp. a vivid display of colour.Originally an extended use of sense 3, but now often interpreted in the light of sense 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > [noun] > display of bright colour riot1713 emblazonry1827 blazonment1883 1713 Ld. Shaftesbury Notion Hist. Draught Judgm. Hercules v. 29 Such a Confusion, Oppugnancy, and Riot of Colours. 1894 K. Grahame Pagan Papers 68 A riot of scarlet on gold. 1895 Outing 26 429/2 Here and there the sombre green of a cedar broke the riot of color. 1919 J. Conrad Arrow of Gold v. iii. 283 Often I dreamed of her with white limbs shimmering in the gloom like a nymph haunting a riot of foliage. 1933 S. Walker Night Club Era 92 She opened a place in East Fifty-eighth Street, with a fine bar and grillroom, a riot of decoration. 1950 A. Nicoll World Drama iv. iii. 287 Degenerate sensuality, wrapped in an intoxicating riot of words, casts its orchidian clamminess over every scene. 1969 Morning Star 9 July 4/3 The trees are flourishing better than ever, and the borders have been a riot of colour. 1991 N. Mailer Harlot's Ghost vi. viii. 1043 Their gardens and flowering trees are a riot of magenta and red. 2007 Sight & Sound Mar. 30/4 Her autobiography is a riot of screw-and-tell. 9. a. colloquial (originally Theatre). A roaringly successful show, performer, etc.; a hit; (more generally) a person who or thing which is extremely popular or makes a big impression.In later use frequently shading into sense 9b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > one who up1536 speeder1580 succeeder1836 get-on1867 riot1909 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > other types début1751 vehicle1785 benefit1802 showpiece1810 ticket-night1812 yatra1827 command1839 lollipopa1849 party piece1851 roadshow1874 one-night stand1878 stand1878 one-man show1879 small1886 command performance1897 ticket benefit1898 frivol1903 run-through1905 pre-production1906 riot1909 one-nighter1916 gala performance1932 improv1953 warm-up1958 workshopping1966 impro1979 1909 P. G. Williams in Sat. Evening Post 5 June 17/2 A riot, great success. 1910 Variety 20 Aug. 13/4 We continued being the big riot all over. 1922 Variety 28 July 5/5 He is a riot with all the waitresses over at the hotel. 1929 J. B. Priestley Good Compan. ii. i. 249 There isn't a more promising little show anywhere... It could have been an absolute riot. 1936 ‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fools xxvi. 253 He'd be a riot in a mental hospital. 1959 E. H. Clements High Tension viii. 134 Get that word-perfect..and you'll be a riot tomorrow. 1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 110 His rendering of ‘Barnacle Bill the Sailor’ was a riot and became his party piece. b. A highly amusing or entertaining person or thing; a lot of fun. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > one who or that which is comical comedy1535 toy1542 jest1602 joke1670 comic1674 high comedy1707 humorous1753 comicality1796 funny1852 funniosity1871 hot sketch1917 pisser1918 riot1919 panic1921 cocasserie1934 yell1938 mess1952 crack-up1961 1919 F. Hurst Humoresque 195 If you think that is a riot..you wait until you see the way they're going to eat me up in the court scene. 1930 J. V. A. Weaver Turning Point 46 Old Dan'll laugh 'em off. Dan is a riot! 1968 G. M. Williams From Scenes like These xiii. 303 It'll be hell on wheels at Chick's house, his folks are away. It'll be a riot, you know what Chick's like. 1994 Impact Oct. 4/3 The spermology page is a riot. 2002 R. Bennett in M. Ventham Spike Milligan 13 He was a riot in those early days. 10. U.S. colloquial = riot sale n. at Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > [noun] > disposal of goods at reduced price riddance?1542 summer sale1840 drive1866 sale1866 clearance sale1880 bargain-sale1898 riot1968 1968 Daily Republic (Mitchell, S. Dakota) 11 Apr. 7/5 (advt.) Girls' jean riot! 1976 Salt Lake Tribune 20 Feb. 2 (advt.) Men's, ladies', children's shoe riot. 1993 Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard 31 May 3 a/1 (advt.) Dress riot. Choose from one or two piece styles. †II. Extended and other uses. 11. a. A proverbial saying; a homespun maxim or aphorism. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > [noun] saw9.. quideOE yedOE wordOE wisdomc1175 bysawe?c1225 riotc1330 sentencec1380 textc1386 dict1432 diction1477 redec1480 say1486 adage1530 commonplace?1531 adagy1534 soothsay1549 maxima1564 apophthegm1570 speech1575 gnome1577 aphorisma1593 imprese1593 spoke1594 symbol1594 maxim1605 wording1606 impress1610 motto1615 dictum1616 impresa1622 dictate1625 effate1650 sentiment1780 great thought1821 brocarda1856 text-motto1880 sententia1917 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > proverb > [noun] byspelc1000 bywordc1050 forbysena1250 riotc1330 proverbc1375 sayingc1390 paroemia1550 nayworda1616 diverb1624 proverbial1645 sooth1655 proverbialism1830 c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 1191 (MED) Men saiþ..in olde riote [a1400 Egerton roote], Þat wimmannes bolt is sone schote. b. A rambling discourse; a rigmarole. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > disconnectedness > disconnected writing or discourse riot1340 scrabblementa1603 cockalane1627 ramble1694 maunder1835 maundering1853 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 99 God þe uader..heþ none hede of longe ryote [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues tarienge] of tales y-slyked ne y-rymed. 12. A company, a crowd. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals lathingc897 sameningc950 gatheringc1000 ymongOE droveOE companya1275 routc1300 assembly1330 queleta1382 sembly1389 parliamenta1400 sankinga1400 concoursec1440 riotc1440 ensemblyc1500 unity1543 resorta1557 congress1639 resemblance1662 boorach1704 group1711 parade1722 assemblage1742 roll-up1861 agora1886 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 388 (MED) I may se þe Romaynes þat are so ryche halden, Arayede in þeire riotes on a rounde felde. Phrases P1. to run riot. a. To act without restraint or control; to behave in a violent and unrestrained way. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > be unruly [verb (intransitive)] > act without restraint to run riot?1523 society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > have freedom of action [verb (intransitive)] > act without restraint to run riot?1523 to run (out) at riot1529 to hang (or stay) loose1968 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. lii If thou breke thy tedure and ron ryot at large, and knowe nat other mennes goodes from thyne owne. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. Bv Here may ye se how T[indale] runneth ryot of his own wit. 1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 1^v So must I dispraise his methode in writing, which following the course of amarous Poets, dwelleth longest in those pointes, that profit least: and like a wanton whelpe, leaueth the game, to runne riot. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 122 Ye suffer your Tongues to run ryot in bitter Scoffs. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Rebel-rout, the Rabble, running Riot. 1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. Cij Sometimes also..he runs riot, like Ovid, and knows not when he has said enough. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let.* 13 Sept. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1214 They ran riot, would not be kept within bounds by their leaders. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 30 To study how they may be employed most effectually to answer some good purpose; that if possible they may never run riot. 1848 Caledonian Mercury 9 Mar. A band of blackguards..ran riot on the property of their neighbours. 1883 R. Broughton Belinda III. 201 Away they go from the wind-freshened lake, whose waves are running riot in the sun. 1961 N. Coward Diary 27 May (2000) 471 She has run riot with patterned wallpapers and rainbow hues in every direction. 1976 Sunday Mail (Glasgow) 28 Nov. 43/3 The Bankies defence..kept Montrose from running riot as they so often threatened. 1998 Good Health Mag. Mar. 82/1 For most of the time, our five-year-old son dominates the household, runs riot, won't sit still for a moment and doesn't make a lot of sense. b. Of a hunting hound: to follow the scent of an animal other than the intended prey. Also to hunt riot.The metaphorical use in quot. 1579 at Phrases 1a probably indicates earlier currency of this sense. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (intransitive)] > follow wrong scent to hunt (the) changea1425 to run riot1594 hunt-counter1600 to run at check1667 riot1781 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 181 If hee cannot by sent finde out the game he seeketh, or if after he hath found it & is in chase, he fall to hunt riot [etc.]. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 76/1 When Hounds run at a whole Herd of Deer,..we say..[they] Run Riot. 1731 T. Salmon Mod. Hist. XIV. iv. 104 If the Hounds ran Riot..they are rated off. 1782 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting (new ed.) xiv. 191 Few of them will stop a hound, though he should run riot close beside them. 1809 Sporting Mag. 52/1 The first day they met, at a stag they ran riot, Though C-nn-ng in vain crack'd his whip to keep quiet, For away went the pack in full cry and full view Their game he was royal, to Windsor he flew. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 131 Leaving them..to hunt ‘riot’ unchecked. 1908 L. C. R. Cameron Otters & Otter-hunting x. 113 If hounds will run riot they are more likely to break away in front than to go back. 1955 Times 16 Sept. 12/7 Supposing that on a hot day in a blind country hounds get right away from the hunt staff..and the puppies hunt riot. 2007 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 24 Jan. b1 Sounding the distinctive notes that signal when the hunt is on, when a fox has been spotted, when the hounds are running riot, when the prey has gone to ground. c. Of a mental faculty, emotion, etc.: to function or be expressed without restraint or to an excessive degree; to disregard all limitations. ΚΠ 1781 M. Sherlock Lett. Several Subj. I. xiv. 113 Without it [sc. judgement] imagination runs riot. 1818 W. Hazlitt Characters Shakespeare's Plays 72 In the next passage, his imagination runs riot in the mischief he is plotting. 1849 E. Plunkett tr. A. de Lamartine Les Confidences xi. xxii. 232 My friendships, like my feelings, ran riot. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 15 Oct. 3/1 It is a case of invention running riot and outbounding restraint. 1915 G. O'Keeffe Let. Oct. in G. O'Keeffe & A. Pollitzer Lovingly, Georgia (1990) 52 You wear out the most precious things you have by letting your emotions and feelings run riot at such a rate. 1957 J. Braine Room at Top (1960) 114 ‘It's the thought of Alice,’ Teddy said, ‘unchaste thoughts are running riot.’ 1992 Dancing Times May 751/2 That it verged upon incoherence suggests that Elkins should not allow his wild imagination to run riot. 2007 A. Hill Restyling Factual TV i. 15 Where there is so little to do that arguments abound and negative emotions run riot. d. figurative. To spread uncontrollably, proliferate; spec. (of plants) to grow luxuriantly or wildly. ΚΠ 1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 56 The overwandering ivy and vine This way and that in many a wild festoon Ran riot. 1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xv. 176 Thus rheumatism runs riot among them. 1958 B. Montgomery Mem. (1961) 365 Famine and disease would run riot through Germany. 1988 R. Tisserand Aromatherapy for Everyone (1990) iv. 92 Blood tests revealed that staphylococci were ‘running riot’. 2009 Sunday Business Post (Ireland) (Nexis) 22 Feb. Obviously, birds prefer hedgerows that are allowed to run riot. †P2. to run (out) at riot: = to run riot at Phrases 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > have freedom of action [verb (intransitive)] > act without restraint to run riot?1523 to run (out) at riot1529 to hang (or stay) loose1968 1529 T. More Dial. conc. Heresyes xxiii. f. xxxi^v/1 If reason be suffred to ren out at ryot & wax ouer hye hartyd & proude. 1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxx They..ether runne all to gether at ryott or kepe the law with cauteles and exposycions of their awne fayninge. ?1544 Bp. S. Gardiner Tract against W. Turner in Lett. (1933) 492 Your houndes have ron at ryot. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 12/1 So soone as a man beginneth to runne at riot, & leaueth the streight line. a1628 J. Preston Breast-plate of Faith (1630) iv. 105 Take a seruant or a sonne, if he be able to liue from his Father, or Masters house, perhaps he will run at ryot still. P3. in (also at) full riot: at the height of activity; in full swing. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > in operation [phrase] > in full operation afloat?1548 in (full) play1669 in full swing1703 at full swarth1713 in blast, at or in full blast1780 in (also at) full riot1848 1848 Yale Lit. Mag. Nov. 40 Humor grinned from every nook, and rollicking fun was in full riot about us. 1898 E. W. Hamilton Mawkin of Flow ix The spaning of the lambs was by with, and the ewe milking in full riot. 1934 F. A. Spencer Beyond Damascus ii. xx. 239 The festivals of Bacchus, who came to new life in the spring, were at full riot. 2001 G. Keillor In Search of Lake Wobegon 16/1 The eastern approach to Lake Wobegon is Division Street, St. Cloud, a five-mile strip of commerce in full riot. P4. Originally and chiefly U.S. hyperbolically. to cause a riot: to attract attention or incite protest or controversy. ΚΠ 1872 J. L. Templer Poems 49 At tea they chat, though now and then a jaw Will interrupt their peace, and cause a riot. Kell, blubbering, says, ‘'Tis so’; whilst Jack cries, ‘Pshaw, You nothing know’. 1889 Boston Globe 13 Nov. 2/2 Criticisms of the Sunday newspaper are mostly unfair... There are the various departments for men, women, and children, any one of which if left out would cause a riot in the community. 1921 Judge 24 Sept. 24/3 Gladys is causing a riot with her extra short skirt. 1963 A. Baraka Blues People x. 144 Bessie Smith was still causing riots in Chicago and..young Louis Armstrong was on his way to New York to join the Fletcher Henderson band. 1997 G. Oldman Nil by Mouth 25 Hasn't even got through breakfast, and he's caused a riot. 2006 M. Lupica Miracle on 49th Street xi. 85 Somehow walking in Beacon Hill with him dressed like he was, stocking cap pulled down tight, looking like a bit of a slob, didn't cause a riot. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 4). a. Designating equipment worn or carried by police or other personnel in situations of crowd violence. riot equipment n. ΚΠ 1920 H. A. Bellows Treat. Riot Duty vi. 60 Steel helmets form an exceedingly useful part of riot equipment for all troops. 2001 J. Mazza Don't Disturb Neighbours vi. 109 Millions of dollars worth of riot equipment, including water cannons, remote-controlled television systems, barricade removers, and guns. riot shield n. ΚΠ 1951 Bee (Danville, Va.) 11 June 4/6 Malay and Gurkha police go through training of quelling ‘mobs’ by baton and riot-shield charges. 1967 Economist 7 Jan. 31/1 (caption) Calcutta police behind riot shields. 2009 Lincs. Echo (Nexis) 20 Jan. Officers equipped with riot shields and a police dog handler were called to the house..just before 4pm yesterday. b. Designating personnel, esp. police, or vehicles deployed in situations of crowd violence. riot cop n. ΚΠ 1955 Jet 9 Dec. 4 (heading) Drop charges against 3 Cicero riot cops. 2000 Ralph 7 July 90 (caption) An environmental activist feels the touch of a riot cop's baton during a protest against a land-lease application. riot police n. ΚΠ 1927 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 7 Nov. 1/2 A force of 100 riot police threw cordons around the consulate, holding the crowd at bay. 1977 Times 18 Feb. 7/5 Riot police took control of Rome University tonight after using tear gas to disperse angry left-wing students. 2004 N. Barham Dis/Connected 56 Then the riot police arrive, with their helmets, shields and batons. riot squad n. ΚΠ 1907 Lake County Times (Hammond, Indiana) 13 Sept. 6/4 A riot squad of twenty-five patrolmen came up. 1955 Times 25 Aug. 9/2 The requirements for this are good intelligence arrangements and a mobile riot squad such as the strategic reserve in Cyprus will provide. 2005 A. Masters Stuart xxiii. 254 Then the riot squad had to grab their shields and clang along the metal balconies. riot tank n. ΚΠ 1930 Times 4 June 16/2 Riot tank shoots water... Berlin police have equipped themselves with a motorized and armored water tank car. 1969 C. Himes Black on Black (1973) 286 The riot tank didn't know where to look for him. 2003 M. Stanton Freedom Walk ii. 171 Jackson's mayor..had ordered a thirteen-thousand-pound armor-plated riot tank with a submachine gun mounted on it. riot van n. ΚΠ 1939 Times 25 Feb. 11/2 Machine-gun Escort at Shanghai Funeral... [The hearse was] followed at a discreet distance by a riot van ready for action. 1973 J. Drummond Bang! Bang! You're Dead! xxxiv. 116 There were extra police on duty, and several riot vans under the trees. 2004 N. Ryan Into World of Hate (new ed.) iv. 72 A riot van full of cops screeches around the corner, powering towards the police station. riot wagon n. ΚΠ 1914 Indianapolis Star 9 Mar. 3/1 At the time of labor trouble he was given the rank of lieutenant and placed in charge of a riot wagon. 1969 Guardian 5 Aug. 1/7 Finally riot wagons were moved in to block the oblique junction. 2005 Western Daily News (Nexis) 20 June People were battered and taken away and flung into the riot wagons. C2. a. Instrumental.Chiefly with past participles. riot-battered adj. ΚΠ 1947 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 13 Nov. 1/6 (headline) New Army Units Pour Into Riot Battered Marseille. 1976 Daily Times (Lagos) 27 Aug. 9/2 Unofficial reports said 20 bodies were found in the riot battered township on Wednesday. 2006 L. G. Collins & M. N. Crawford New Thoughts on Black Arts Movement 2 Calling for the ‘enrichment’ of riot-battered central cities, it also stressed the need for increased integration of outlying metropolitan areas. riot-scarred adj. ΚΠ 1912 Logansport (Indiana) Pharos-Reporter 4 Nov. 1/7 A futile attempt was made to ride an old-fashioned riot scarred car over the tracks of the street car company. 1965 Jet 16 Sept. 50 Martin Luther King, Jr. was forced to invoke the name of Elijah Muhammed to gain a hearing in the riot-scarred community of Watts. 2002 H. D. Graham Collision Course ii. 31 Rioting was expressive and cathartic, but it was also self-destructive, leaving a riot-scarred community further isolated. riot-torn adj. ΚΠ 1912 Daily Rev. (Decatur, Illinois) 28 Mar. 1/5 Twelve companies of militia put end to disorder... The riot torn community was quiet and orderly earlier today. 1968 Economist 12 Oct. 3/2 The..riot-torn country of Northern Ireland. 1981 Yorks. Post 9 July 1/3 Prince Charles wants to help youngsters in Liverpool's riot-torn Toxteth area. 1992 N.Y. Times 5 May c13/1 A number of prominent figures in show business sought to help out in the riot-torn areas of South-Central Los Angeles. b. With adjectives. riot-prone n. ΚΠ 1959 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 6 Sept. 3/2 Despite some danger signs, once riot prone Singapore is not expected to be the scene of major open trouble in the coming months. 2004 R. Pringle Short Hist. Bali x. 206 Pointed lectures explaining the difference between safe, peaceful Bali and riot-prone Jakarta. riot-ripe n. ΚΠ 1910 R. Kipling Rewards & Fairies 103 Tom Dunch an' some of his kidney was drinkin' themselves riot-ripe. 1968 Jet 26 Sept. 13 It is conceivable that such a threat made in riot-ripe Oakland, with its high unemployment and high Negro population, could mean serious trouble. 1998 Chattanooga (Tennessee) Free press (Nexis) 27 Sept. The Busch Stadium was so riot-ripe. C3. riot area n. = riot zone n.; (also) a part of a city which is prone to rioting. ΚΠ 1913 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 5 July 10/3 Firing was incessant for hours after midnight in the riot area. 1934 T. Joslin Hoover Off Record xxiii. 278 Ira E. Keck, Lieutenant, Metropolitan Police Department..was detailed to the riot area as an aid to Commissioner Crosby. 1973 Freedom 2 June 3/1 No one who lives in the riot areas of Belfast needs any reminders of what violence can look like. 2001 J. P. Rhodes Voice of Violence ii. 34 Only two arrested during the riot were from outside the metro area. Most lived within the riot area itself. riot call n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) an alarm calling the police, etc., to the scene of a riot; also in extended use. ΚΠ 1892 Joint Documents Legislature Michigan II. x. 1264 This afternoon the court house bell ran the riot call and since then the city has been one huge palpitating nerve. 1905 N.Y. Evening Post 7 Nov. 2 Charges of illegal voting resulted in a disturbance which police were unable to subdue, and a riot call was sent in. 1951 Bios 22 201 At times of attempted robbery by..honey loving beasts such bears or skunks..a riot call is sounded and hundreds of workers are hastily sworn in as deputies to protect the precious stores. 2001 M. Bauerlein Negrophobia 174 Fifteen strokes sound from the fire bell—the riot call for state militia. riot control n. the restoration or maintenance of law and order in situations of crowd violence; the policing of riots. ΚΠ 1933 B. Smith Rural Crime Control v. 153 Methods of investigating and reporting criminal complaints, traffic and riot control, first aid, and allied subjects bearing directly upon the police. 1964 Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) IV. 877 In the last few years, an agent, CS, has been developed for riot control. 1974 North Myrtle Beach (S. Carolina) Times 17 Apr. 1/5 The riot control unit then had to make its way to Hillside Drive and make a similar sweep to quell trouble spots on that street. 2005 A. Coyle Understanding Prisons vii. 150 Until the mid-1970s prison staff did not receive specific training in riot control. riot duty n. tasks and responsibilities relating to riot control. ΚΠ 1877 Galaxy Sept. 397/2 The men give their services nearly free of expense, except during riot duty, when they are paid well. 1917 School Rev. 25 171 What is your opinion of using the militia in strike and riot duty? 2008 Vietnam Dec. 59/2 This was probably the worst assignment I've ever had because it did not involve soldiering. Rather, it was all about riot duty in Washington, D.C. riot gas n. gas that causes severe irritation to the eyes or respiratory system, used chiefly in riot control to force crowds to disperse; tear gas. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > fire, radiation, or chemical weapons > [noun] > gas poison gas1816 gas1897 mustard gas1917 tear-gas1917 yperite1917 mustard1918 phosgene1918 riot gas1930 war gas1934 nausea gas1936 nerve gas1940 tear-smoke1946 Sarin1951 Soman1951 pepper gas1968 stun gas1968 pepper spray1986 1930 Piqua (Ohio) Daily Call 19 May 9/4 Seven riot gas guns were ordered by penitentiary officials. 1969 Guardian 22 Jan. 1/3 A powerful fragmentation grenade which will scatter CS riot gas among demonstrators is being developed by the Ministry of Technology. 2002 C. Gould & P. Folb Project Coast Pref. p. vii Large quantities of riot gas were produced. riot gear n. protective clothing and equipment worn by police or prison officers in situations of crowd violence. ΚΠ 1950 Lubbock (Texas) Morning Avalanche 31 July 1/1 Gendarmes with riot gear and sabers drove up in trucks, surrounded the demonstrators, and threatened to arrest them. 1978 N.Y. Times 30 Mar. a5/6 Thousands of policemen..in riot gear. 2004 D. Peace GB 84 126/2 Rest of them ready to go toe-to-toe with boys in fucking blue—but they'd fucked off to get their riot gear. riot gun n. a firearm used in riot control, (now) esp. one using non-lethal ammunition, such as baton rounds. ΚΠ 1886 Logansport (Indiana) Daily Jrnl. 13 May 1/5 The gun has been called the ‘riot gun,’ and contains six buckshot charges. 1930 Morning Post 9 Apr. 11 Detectives in motor-cars equipped with ‘riot guns’ toured through the districts where violence was anticipated. 1990 M. Brave Bird & R. Erdoes Lakota Woman (1991) v. 71 Out of each car stepped two troopers with riot guns, helmets, and plastic shields, positioning themselves at both sides of each car. riot helmet n. a reinforced helmet worn by police and security personnel when dealing with a riot. ΚΠ 1957 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 4 Feb. 2/4 (caption) County Sheriff Albert E. Stone fits a riot helmet on Scout Charles Pickard. 1973 ‘S. Harvester’ Corner of Playground iii. v. 212 Tight-lipped young officers, whites of eyes gleaming under rim of riot-helmet. 2009 Los Angeles (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 20 Jan. Police Department officials decided that officers..should not immediately wear their riot helmets out of concerns the gear might escalate passions among the demonstrators. riot-helmeted adj. That is wearing a riot helmet. ΚΠ 1941 Chester (Pa.) Times 29 Mar. 2/8 Union officials said that 1,500 new members were among the men entering the plant, still guarded by riot-helmeted state motor police. 1970 Daily Tel. 18 Apr. 5/3 Three young women were wounded by shotgun pellets when 200 riot-helmeted, sheriff's deputies dispersed a crowd of about 700 smashing windows at a bank. 2002 R. Shogan War Without End ii. viii. 123 Police lines followed the truck, with riot-helmeted officers tossing tear gas canisters into the crowd. riot sale n. U.S. slang a sale.The implication is that the bargains offered will attract a large number of customers and create a great clamour. ΚΠ 1941 N.Y. Times 3 Sept. 30/7 (advt.) Golf riot sale! Starts Thursday at 8:30 a.m. 1981 Valley Independent (Monessen, Pa.) 24 Oct. 5/6 (advt.) Jean riot sale for men and women. 2006 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 31 Dec. Check out the European designer shoe and boot riot sale. riot stick n. a stick or baton used by police, prison officers, etc., in riot control. ΚΠ 1905 Evening Times (Cumberland, Maryland) 19 May 1/1 He rushed into the gallery brandishing his riot stick. In an instant it was broken and he was pinned to the wall. 1930 J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel v. 404 He'd been halfstunned by a riotstick. 1978 D. Francis Trial Run xi. 156 They were armed..with riot sticks. Nasty hard things like baseball bats, swinging from a loop of leather round the wrist. 2001 H. Collins No Smoke xii. 184 The crunching noise of a riot stick hits his ears first, before the blood spouts all over his face. riot zone n. an area, usually within a city, in which a riot is taking place. ΚΠ 1913 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 3 Dec. 5/5 (headline) Searchlight Aids Patrol of Riot Zone During the Night. 1975 R. H. Rimmer Premar Exper. (1976) i. 56 According to my informant, Bren and Merle were living in a rundown tenement house in the ‘riot zone’. 2002 R. Cahan Court that Shaped Amer. v. 164 The West Side [of Chicago] turned into a riot zone after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † riotadj. Forms: see riot n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: riot n. Etymology: < riot n. With sense 2 compare royet adj. Obsolete. rare. 1. Lewd, vulgar. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > [adjective] golec888 canga1225 light?c1225 wooinga1382 nicea1387 riota1400 wantonc1400 wrenec1400 lachesc1450 loose?a1500 licentious1555 libertine1560 prostitute1569 riggish1569 wide1574 slipper1581 slippery1586 sportive1595 gay1597 Cyprian1598 suburb1598 waggish1600 smicker1606 suburbian1606 loose-living1607 wantona1627 free-living1632 libertinous1632 loose-lived1641 Corinthian1642 akolastic1656 slight1685 fast1699 freea1731 brisk1740 shy1787 slang1818 randomc1825 fastish1832 loosish1846 slummya1860 velocious1872 fly1880 slack1951 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > [adjective] > incoherent riota1400 uncoherent1588 incoherent1632 inchoate1922 the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > [adjective] > hasty or confused > of speech riota1400 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 26938 Sum men in scubardis Til oþer men telles þair folis, And sais amang riot ron, ‘Alle men wat wel þat i ha don’. 2. Incoherent, nonsensical. ΚΠ a1527 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (Elphinstoun) (1959) viii. Prol. 147 [The] riotest [ane ragment with mony rat rane]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2018). riotv. Brit. /ˈrʌɪət/, U.S. /ˈraɪət/ Forms: Middle English ryott, Middle English–1500s riote, Middle English–1500s ryotte, Middle English–1600s ryot, Middle English– riot, 1500s riotte, 1500s ryat, 1500s ryote, 1500s–1700s riott; also Scottish pre-1700 ryot (past tense), pre-1700 ryote. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rioter. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French rioter (French †rioter ) to argue, quarrel (1232 or earlier in Old French), to behave aggressively (second half of the 15th cent.) < riote riot n. Compare earlier rioting n. Compare later royet v. N.E.D. (1909) included an obsolete and rare sense ‘to use (words) with profusion or extravagance’, but the example apparently shows a compositorial error:1677 tr. H. de Mendoza Pleasant Hist. Lazarillo sig. G^v Ryoting [1586, 1655 reciting] more pleasant and sweet words than ever Ovid wrote [Sp. diziéndoles mas dulçuras que Ouidio escriuio]. I. Senses relating to dissipated or unrestrained behaviour. †1. transitive (reflexive). To enjoy or indulge oneself; to take one's pleasure. Cf. sport v. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > take pleasure or enjoy oneself [verb (reflexive)] > indulge in pleasure to the full riota1393 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > seek one's own interest [verb (reflexive)] > indulge oneself riota1393 allow1608 indulge1659 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 4320 (MED) Sardana Pallus..Was..Falle into thilke fyri rage Of love..Wherof himself he so rioteth..That he duelte evere in chambre stille. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 923 (MED) The roo and þe rayne-dere reklesse thare ronnen In ranez and in rosers to ryotte þam seluen. c1450 (?a1400) Sege Melayne (1880) 797 (MED) With ȝour clergye tournes agayne, Riste and Ryott ȝow by þe water of sayne. 2. a. intransitive. To act or behave in a wild, dissipated, or unrestrained way; to indulge to excess in something. Also transitive (reflexive) in the same sense. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > live dissolutely [verb (intransitive)] riotc1405 jet?1518 royet1591 to live fast1673 rake1700 rant1700 to go the pace1829 racketeer1929 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Cook's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 50 Thus this ioly prentys [printed perntys] hadde his leeue Now lat hym riote [v.rr. riot; reuell] al the nyght or leeue. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 47/2 Vnthriftes ryote and runne in Dette. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 86 They are ready to come home from straying and riotting abrode in the Parckes. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Pet. ii. 13 They that count it pleasure to riot in the day time. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 76 I wrote to you, when rioting in Alexandria you Did pocket vp my Letters. View more context for this quotation 1685 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II I. ii. 112 Had these men lived in those Good Pagan days wherein they might have rioted with Devotion, Sacrificed to the gods in drunken Bowls, and Worshipt in the Arms of a Strumpet. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. xi. 149 There foul adult'rers to thy bride resort, And lordly gluttons riot in thy court. 1751 Affecting Narr. H.M.S. Wager 64 They would have rioted in spirituous Liquor. 1779 Methodism & Popery dissected & Compared 9 To get possession of their wealth, and riot themselves in the luxurious enjoyments of the gifts of nature. 1802 Port Folio 20 May 161/2 Wine flows in bumpers, they toast to the fair... While they thus riot in bacchanal joy, A letter is brought their peace to destroy. 1840 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i Men who do nothing but waste and riot. 1899 W. E. Norris Giles Ingilby vii A sort of unrepentant prodigal son rioting off to far countries. 1900 T. D. Ingram Crit. Exam. Irish Hist. (1904) II. xxv. 244 A condemnation of the leaders who had led the Orangemen astray, and rioted themselves in luxury. †b. transitive with it, in the same sense. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. D1^v This I scorne, that one..Should..riote it with the treasure of the realme. 1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 53 Who would not bee bounded in by any Councell.., but riot it as hee would himselfe. 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (lxxiii. 10 Paraphr.) 354 When they see them thus riot it in violence. 1686 T. Pierce Law & Equity Gospel 461 He shall praesume to smite his fellow Servants, and to riot it with the Drunken. 1765 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (Dublin ed.) I. iv. 154 These have nothing to do but..to riot it, to roar it. c. intransitive. In extended use, usually with a sense of flourishing or proliferation (cf. sense 5). Frequently with in. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > prosper or flourish [verb (intransitive)] > in some respect flower1340 flourishc1380 reign?c1500 riot1743 1743 J. Davidson in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 63 (note) Bees greedily clinging to the Summer Flowers, and rioting on the Blossoms. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor lxxxiii. 280 Distemper could not fail to riot there, if the town were not regularly perflated by the Inbat and land-breezes. 1811 H. G. Knight Phrosyne 39 When stern Winter riots unconfin'd. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. ii Then the Plague Riots in darkness mid his unknown victims. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 6 Ostentation, impurity rioted in the heart of a society which [etc.]. 1913 Proc. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1912 294 Unscientific imagination rioted in mystery and extravagance. 1966 T. Kinsella Wormwood 16 Winter..riots in the heaven-sent Convulsions of self-punishment. 3. a. intransitive. To take great delight or pleasure in something; to revel in. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > be pleased [verb (intransitive)] > experience enjoyment riot1538 grok1961 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Græcor,..to ryotte in bankettynge and rybaudrye. 1593 T. Lodge Phillis sig. D3 ^v Some laud the breast where loue his treasure locks, All like the eie that life and loue affordes. But none of these fraile beauties and vnstable Shall make my pen ryot in pompous stile. 1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore v. sig. I ^v To feast on your disgrace, riott in your vexations, cuckold you in your bride-bed, waste your estate vpon Panders and Bawds. 1658 R. Brathwait Age of Apes in Honest Ghost 251 I wonder much the State will suffer him Thus to triumph and riot in his sin. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xx. 328 To indulge and riot in these exquisitively bewitching Contemplations. 1773 Life N. Frowde 31 Few are the Brutes..that can riot in Cruelty to Infant Softness. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxxi. 350 Vaunting and, as it were, rioting in, her huge unworthiness. 1892 Lend Hand Jan. 21 One party was conquered and the other rioted in their ruin. 1920 South Atlantic Q. Apr. 170 Ward rioted in misery and comforted himself with reflections on the general stupidity and perverse worthlessness of by far the major part of mankind. b. intransitive. With on, upon. To gorge oneself, feast. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast on [verb (transitive)] riot1605 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de Faur Τετραστικα in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. 687 The Lybian Tigre which they haue espide Spoyling his Prey, and rioting vpon-'t. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 58 Sending heards of souls starvling to Hell, while they feast and riot upon the labours of hireling Curats. 1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 174 The vile Harpeian Brood..That rioted on human Blood. 1792 J. Richardson Let. 27 Oct. in Heber Lett. (1950) vi. 162 He rioted five times a week on delicious soles. 1827 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1851) III. x. 171 I perfectly rioted upon the scenery. 1884 D. G. Mitchell Bound Together vi. 211 We rioted upon the spoils with a gusto that I think none of us have felt over the grandest suppers since. 1901 Dental Digest Aug. 593 We fairly rioted on chicken, cucumbers, codfish balls, [etc.]. 4. transitive. With away, †out. To waste or squander by living in an extravagant or dissolute fashion; (also) to pass (a period of time) in a wasteful or dissipated way. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > squander [verb (transitive)] forspendc893 scatter1154 dispend1303 waste1340 misspendc1390 miswastec1400 consumec1425 waste1474 profund1527 lasha1535 prodige1538 lavish1542 to play away1562 riot1566 embezzle1578 dilapidate1590 squander1593 confound1598 to make ducks and drakes of or withc1600 prodigalize1611 profuse1611 squander1611 paddle1616 bezzle1617 to run out of ——1622 to piss away1628 prodigal1628 decoct1629 to bangle (away)1632 debauch1632 deboise1632 to fribble away1633 to fool out1635 to run outa1640 to fiddle away1667 slattera1681 dissipate1682 to play off1693 duck-and-drake1700 liquidate1702 sparkle away1703 waster1821 befool1861 to frivol away1866 to play (at) duck and drake with1872 to fling away1873 mislive1887 slather1904 mucker1928 profligate1938 peter1956 spaff2002 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > spend or pass in dissolute living [verb (transitive)] riot1566 1566 T. Becon New Postil i. f. 27 Other deuoure, riot awaie consume prodigallie al things by costly apparell, & gorgeous building. 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres v. xxi. sig. Aa4^v Whilst we..Ryot away for nought, whole Prouinces. 1633 W. Prynne Histrio-mastix ii. v. 992 How many young (that I say not old) Gentlemen and Gentlewomen of birth and quality,..most sinfully riot away the very creame and flower of their yeeres. 1652 T. Brooks Precious Remedies 69 The evill servant did not riot out his talent. 1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 179 [Her husband]..Rioted out the Income of her Fortune in such blameable Diversions. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xlvii. 169 Who..had rioted away a great Part of his Masters Goods and Money, and had run his own Credit out of Doors. 1798 T. Holcroft He's Much to Blame ii. vi. 26 It is degrading for a woman of rank to riot away life. 1850 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire I. i. 38 Retreats..in which to..riot away the intervals of repose. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 71 He..Had rioted his life out, and made an end. 1908 H. Green Maison de Shine 177 Little Minnie Mangle, the Child Wonder, was not permitted to riot away her days in the pursuit of idle pleasure. 1963 L. Cottrell Realms of Gold xx. 170 The suitors are rioting away its absent owner's wealth. 1996 D. Hofstadter Love Affair as Work of Art i. 10 As a student he had rioted away his youth in six countries. 5. intransitive. Of a plant: to grow rapidly, wildly, and in abundance. Cf. riot n. Phrases 1a.In later use frequently with admixture of sense 7b. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by good growth > grow well or flourish [verb (intransitive)] > grow quickly riot1567 to come away1669 rush1775 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 55 Neither doth it seeme to ryot vntill suche time as it is plentifull in yeelding seede. 1678 H. Vaughan Thalia Rediviva 49 Flow'rs that in Sun-shines riot still, Dye scorch'd and sapless. 1835 New-Eng. Mag. Nov. 358 Wild plants are rioting over the broken edges. 1874 Friends' Intelligencer 14 Nov. 603/2 Crimson flowers, which were rioting on the wealth the parent leaves had gathered from the earth and air. 1912 ‘Q’ Hocken & Hunken xix. 239 Early neglect has allowed the plant to riot up and over the roof-thatch. 1972 N. Freeling Long Silence (1975) i. 39 Roses..rioted round pergolas and climbed up to the gutters of the roof. 1989 A. Walker Temple of my Familiar vi. 373 I notice the purple clematis is about to riot over one corner of the carport. II. Senses relating to violence or disturbance of the peace. †6. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To ravage, harry, spoil (land, a country, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > sack, raid, or loot [verb (transitive)] reaveOE harrowc1000 ravishc1325 spoil1382 forayc1400 forage1417 riflea1425 distrussc1430 riotc1440 detruss1475 sacka1547 havoc1575 sackage1585 pillagea1593 ravage1602 yravish1609 boot-hale1610 booty-hale1610 plunder1632 forage1642 rape1673 prig1819 loot1845 raid1875 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1883 Thane relyez þe renkez of þe rounde table For to ryotte þe wode. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 500 All that he fand he maid it his; And ryotit [1489 Adv. ryotyt] gretly the lande. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 4553 He..gert his folk wiþe mekyl mayne Ryote [halely] þe cuntre. a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) li. l. 532 And leit the Persantis..Ryote hir landis and oure ryde. 7. a. intransitive. To participate in a violent, uncontrolled attack on property and people; (now) esp. to take part in a violent disturbance of public order by a crowd.Now the most common sense. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > riot [verb (intransitive)] riot1625 rabblea1861 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes IV. viii. iv. 1586 This said Lord had also deliuered many from death of those which were fled thither out of other Prouinces, where they had rioted and tyrannized, and come thither sicke, and halfe dead for hunger. 1641 T. Heywood Life of Merlin vi. 47 Gormundus with the Saxons rioted and made havock in this Island. 1729 J. Harvey Life R. Bruce iii. 146 Long had he seen the haughty South'ron Bands, Reign uncontroul'd, and riot o'er his Lands. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. To Riot..4. To raise a sedition or uproar. 1784 J. Hartley Hist. Westm. Election 101 This mob still continued rioting all over the Garden, hallooing ‘Fox forever!’ 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) III. 432 Hitherto the mob had rioted and destroyed at will. 1888 R. Whiteing Island xix. 191 The people at large were not so fortunate: they became like wild beasts with hunger; they rioted at Ely, they rioted at Spa-Fields. 1928 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 24/1 Those who rioted at Valentino's funeral, and those who fought their way into the courtrooms to catch a glimpse of Ruth Snyder..are equally unable to explain their motives. 1981 W. Ebersohn Divide Night v. 71 When they [sc. blacks] rioted they did it with greater anger here [i.e. in Johannesburg] than anywhere else. 2002 P. V. Bohlman World Music p. xiii Anti-globalists rioted in the streets. b. intransitive. In extended use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > be unruly [verb (intransitive)] > be riotous rout?a1425 riot1632 1632 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. Iron Age ii. i. sig. E Stay Wife, lay thine eare Vnto the ground and list, if we can gather Of what condition this strange vproare is That riots at this late vnseasoned houre? 1708 S. Colby Serm. Preach'd Anniv. Martyrdom Charles I 7 Famine, Death and Desolation have riotted in the Palaces of Princes. 1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady 50 Here the mad gale had rioted and thrown Far drifts of snowy petals. 1887 Harper's Mag. Dec. 56/1 The vagrant winds were abroad, rioting among the clifty heights,..or raiding down into the sheltered depths of the Cove. 1903 H. Keller Story of my Life I. xii. 45 The wind rioted up and down the country. 1995 Diver Aug. 67/1 I slipped into the living planktonic soup where tiny copepods rioted in the water. †c. intransitive. To make a disturbance; to make a scene, ‘kick up a fuss’. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1787 F. Burney Diary 26 Feb. (1842) III. 336 Had he surprised the two Equerries in my room,..how would he have rioted! 8. a. transitive. To force (a person) into a specified action or situation by rioting. Frequently with into. Now rare (chiefly North American in later use). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > by violence riot1661 mob1720 1661 J. Howell Divers Historicall Disc. 384 He was alwaies ready to return, provided there might be a course taken to secure his Person, with those Peers and other who were rioted away from the Houses. 1775 P. Duigenan Pranceriana 226 He resolved..to establish a band of desperadoes to riot him into credit, and awe the importunate and refractory by the dread of personal violence. 1837 Affairs of Canadas vii. 65 Two anti-constitutionalists were rioted into the Assembly. 1889 Amer. Med. Jrnl. 17 192 Two professors of a South Carolina college were recently rioted into a resignation. 1913 Ann. Rep. Board of Home Missions Presbyterian Church U.S.A. 163 History has it that the first missionary who came here expecting to locate, was rioted out. †b. transitive. In weakened use: to badger (a person) to do something. Also: to distract (a person) from doing something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge, press, or impel pullc1300 firk1340 enforce138. pressa1393 thrust14.. impel1490 urge1576 to put (a person) to it1581 importune1598 to lay weight upon1600 riot1777 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > from an action, purpose, etc. warnc888 withseta1330 defendc1330 conclude1382 privea1387 retainc1415 refrain1442 prohibit1483 repel1483 stop1488 sever?1507 discourage1528 seclude?1531 prevent1533 foreclose1536 lock1560 stay1560 disallow1568 intercept1576 to put bya1586 crossa1616 stave1616 prevent1620 secure1623 stave1630 riot1777 tent1781 footer1813 to stop off1891 mozz1941 1777 F. Burney Jrnl. 7 Apr. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 258 Dr. Wall..advised me, or, rather, rioted me, to get out, & go & see the salute. 1781 F. Burney Diary c3–4 July in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 398 This rattle..Mrs. Thrale most kindly kept up by way of rioting me from thinking. c. transitive. To attack or assail during the course of a riot. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > in a riot rabble1661 scour1681 mob1696 small-gang1851 riot1886 1886 Referee 21 Feb. 7/3 The West-End tradespeople who were ‘rioted’. 1900 Daily News 4 Sept. 7/5 S.K.T. Station has been rioted and completely destroyed. 9. intransitive. Hunting. = to run riot at riot n. Phrases 1. Also with after, on. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (intransitive)] > follow wrong scent to hunt (the) changea1425 to run riot1594 hunt-counter1600 to run at check1667 riot1781 1781 P. Beckford Thoughts on Hunting xix. 248 I have always found hounds most inclined to riot when most upon their mettle. 1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 205 All light sharp-nosed dogs will always be much more inclined to riot than deep-flewed dogs. 1852 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 365 They [sc. the hounds] did riot a little when they came across a kangaroo-rat. 1908 W. Francis Nilgiris i. 35 He [sc. the porcupine] also occasionally proves himself an unpleasant antagonist to any of the Ootacamund hounds which riot on the strong scent he carries. 1971 Country Life 7 Oct. 897/1 Hounds will riot more readily after roe deer than any other species. 1976 Horse & Hound 3 Dec. 38/1 A great deal of time would be spent, however, correcting the pack rioting on Scotch sheep. 1992 Daily Mail (Nexis) 16 Feb. 3 I was with a group of followers at the Puckeridge and Thurlow Hunt when the pack hounds rioted. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?c1225adj.a1400v.a1393
随便看	θ26448 θ26449 θ2645 θ26450 θ26451 θ26452 θ26453 θ26454 θ26455 θ26456 θ26457 θ26458 θ26459 θ2646 θ26460 θ26461 θ26462 θ26463 θ26464 θ26465 θ26466 θ26467 θ26468 θ26469 θ2647

riotn.

Phrases

Compounds

† riotadj.

riotv.