单词 | roaster |
释义 | roastern. 1. a. A person who roasts something (in various senses). Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook > [noun] > roaster roaster1440 roasting cook1611 rôtisseur1751 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > refiner or smelter > using specific process roaster1440 cyanider1900 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 437 Roostare, or hastelere, assator. 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course iii. f. 28v Stewards of the house, pantlers; cellerers, caruers, cupbearers, cookes, boylers, and rosters. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Alloyandier, a roster of short ribbes of beefe. a1626 N. Breton Char. Queen Elizabeth in Wks. (1966) II. 5/2 The cruell Cookes that..were the rosters of men. 1677 T. Otway Cheats of Scapin iii. i, in Titus & Berenice sig. I3 Muster up all the Fidlers..in the Town; let not so much as the Roaster of Tunes, with his crack'd Cymbal in a Case, escape ye. 1746 Brit. Mag. Mar. 6 A set of smart Fellows..call'd Roasters. 1787 J. Wolcot Apol. Postscript to Ode upon Ode 4 A roaster of himself—Felo de se. 1842 Bentley's Miscellany (Amer. ed.) June 608 Rejoicing in their three courses and dessert prepared by a French cook, English roaster, and Italian confectioner. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 444 The roaster opens the first door that approaches him. 1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia v. 182 It was evident he was the born roaster. He..looked for a long time at the sizzling side of the meat. b. spec. A person who or company which processes raw coffee beans, as a business; a coffee manufacturer. Cf. coffee-roaster n. (a) at coffee n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > person roaster1724 coffee-roaster1737 1724 London Gaz. No. 6270/9 The Commissioners for the Inland Duties may appoint Houses for roasting Coffee-Berries, and Officers to attend them... Such Officer or Roaster for not duly attending, shall forfeit..10 l. 1818 Times 8 Jan. 1/3 (advt.) Coffee Mart... Roasters are constantly employed on the premises. 1894 J. M. Walsh Coffee vi. 191 An experienced roaster can readily discern when the coffee is properly roasted, by the light bluish vapor. 1910 Tea & Coffee Trade Jrnl. Jan. 27/1 The roaster..who had previously depended upon San Francisco, began purchasing coffee in Eastern cities. 1957 Encycl. Brit. V. 946/2 Most roasters operating over larger areas..pack coffee by the vacuum process either in metal cans or in glass jars. 1986 Times 26 Aug. 16/2 Any sign of panic buying by one roaster could quickly spread through the industry. 2002 Independent 18 Sept. 3/6 He is hoping roaster companies will agree to trade only in coffee that passes the ICO quality standards. 2. A pig, chicken, or other item of food which is particularly suitable for roasting. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > pig killed for food mast hog1440 roastera1475 a1475 in Neuphilol. Mitteilungen (1953) 54 60 (MED) A gret heyle callyd a roster or ellys a spyche-coke. 1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. i. vi. (Rtldg.) 57 The mothers..ceased to bring them any more roasters. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 475 It could not be expected that any of them [sc. pigs] would be properly fat for roasters. 1776 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 15 Oct. (1778) sig. Nn The Orientals may be very gentlemanly pigs: they may, if properly pampered, be very fit for roasters or small porkers. 1814 Sporting Mag. 43 276 O, that beautiful little sow! what delightful roasters she produces. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone II. xxii. 301 When we keep a roaster of the sucking pigs. 1890 Stratford Her. 24 Oct. 6/3 He met the defendants each carrying some potatoes... When questioned..they replied that they thought there was no harm in taking ‘a few roasters’ home. 1913 H. R. Lewis Productive Poultry Husb. xxiii. 386 A roaster is a quickly-grown bird of either sex, tender meated, and..in fine condition for roasting. 1980 Blair & Ketchum's Country Jrnl. Oct. 30/2 Real roasters you can stuff with herb-scented pastas or grains. 2003 L. Scott Sober Kitchen vi. 188 Stewing hens..are much less tender, although better in flavor than broiler-fryers and roasters. 3. a. Originally and chiefly North American. A pan or dish in which food, esp. meat, may be roasted; a roasting tin. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > tin or pan bake panc1350 trap?c1390 roaster1649 pattypan1660 cake pan1714 hoop1736 cake tin1771 baking tin?1775 tin1795 bake-kettle1828 bun-pana1845 brick tin1880 springform1902 tourtière1959 1649 Inventory 20 Apr. in J. H. Trumbull Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1850) I. 497 2 chamber potts & a roster. 1658 in Southold (N.Y.) Town Rec. (1882) I. 449 An Inventorie of the personall estate whereof Elizabeth Payne widdow dyed possest [includes]..a brush, a roster, [etc.]. 1841 Southern Literary Messenger 7 662/1 There too lies a mutilated coffee-pot, a crownless hat and a lidless tin-roaster. 1942 A. F. Harlow Weep no more, My Lady xvi. 285 I have a huge covered roaster for these big ones [sc. hams]. 1974 Trafford Catal. Spring–Summer 795/2 Non-stick roaster with extra deep cover. 2001 Guardian 10 Nov. (Weekend Suppl.) 81 (advt.) This professional-style stainless steel oval roaster from Viners is designed for strength, style and durability. b. An apparatus for roasting coffee beans. Cf. coffee-roaster n. (b) at coffee n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > roasting apparatus roaster1682 1682 Inventory 21 Mar. in Probate Inventories Lincoln Citizens 1661–1714 (1991) 80 A Coffee Mill, a Roaster. 1727 J. Douglas Suppl. to Descr. Coffee-tree 33 They began to use Charcoal instead of Sea-Coal; the Advantage of which..gave rise to the publick Roasters, and, with them, to the Practice of adulterating Coffee. 1797 J. Wolcot Wks. Peter Pindar III. 173 Into a roaster..I put thee, and then o'er thee stand, And then I catch thy smell with glee. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. vii. 339 The material of which the roaster is made..should be of such a nature as will not transmit the heat speedily from the fire to the coffee. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Roaster, a circular iron vessel, which revolves on a pivot, for roasting coffee berries. 1922 W. H. Ukers All about Coffee 643/1 In 1915..Jabez Burns & Sons, New York, patented their Jubilee roaster. 1963 M. Samuel Little did I Know iv. 54 The coffee beans rattled above the glowing coals, a delicious odor was wafted from the roaster. 2001 N.Y. Times 28 Feb. f11/2 A lot of arduous processing lies ahead before it is ready for the roaster, let alone the grinder, the pot and the cup. c. Metallurgy and Chemistry. A furnace for roasting ore or other material. Cf. roast v. 4. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > furnaces for melting or refining metals > for roasting or calcining ores calciner1837 roaster1837 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 272 The Copper furnaces bear four names, viz. the Calciner, which is the largest; the Operation, Roaster, and Refiner, which are all of one gauge or nearly so both in shape and size. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 502/1 Roasting... The furnaces in which it is performed are called roasters, and are of the same kind as the melting furnaces. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 918 This operation affords scoriæ, which..are known as roaster-slag. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xliii. 829 Slags obtained in the later stages of purification, namely roaster slag..and refinery slag. 1976 in Chemists through Years: Pt. I (Royal Soc. Chem.) (1994) 51/2 The ‘roaster acid’ obtained from the salt-cake roasting furnaces..contained impurities, which poisoned the Deacon catalyst. 2007 A. Cummins Yellowcake iv. 15 At the uranium mill he kept the machinery in repair, working blind when an ore roaster blew, feeling into the parts of the machinery for fissures and flaws. d. A type of oven used to cook food (esp. meat) by roasting. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > oven > other types of oven broiling-iron1562 broil-iron1567 apple roaster1637 bread oven1745 pot-oven1750 Dutch oven1769 caboose1779 roaster1796 gas oven1810 kitchen1826 tandoor1840 water oven1848 ti-oven1896 roaster oven1940 1796 Acct. of Kitchen fitted up at Foundling Hosp. 19 Oct. 1 Communicating with the roaster there are two pipes, by which the hot air may be forced so as to make the meat more or less brown. 1802 Count Rumford Ess. III. iii. 110 Meat of every kind..roasted in a roaster, is better tasted..than when roasted on a spit. 1842 E. J. Lance Cottage Farmer 24 It is an oven, a roaster, or will boil any thing required for the house. 1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 66/1 Pastry Oven and Roaster, with sliding shelves on brass rollers. 2003 E. Robinson Church Potluck Supper Cookbk. ii. 106 The large electric roaster is a good way to go. 4. colloquial. An extremely hot and sunny day. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > hot weather > [noun] > a very hot day broiler1818 roaster1874 scorcher1874 sizzler1901 1874 M. C. Explorers 147 It has been a regular roaster, and I have been out all day. 1893 J. A. Barry Steve Brown's Bunyip 150 The day was a roaster for a tramp; but there was no help for it. 1901 M. Franklin My Brilliant Career xxii. 138 Hasn't it been a roaster today? Consistently over 100 degrees in the shade. 1922 E. Blunden Bonadventure xii. 66 Following a roaster of a day..I admired the moonlight and the sweet night air. 2003 C. Forde Fat Boy Swim vii. 58 The cinema was busy for such a roaster of a day. 5. Scottish colloquial. An obnoxious, annoying, or otherwise objectionable person; an idiot. Frequently as a disparaging form of address. Cf. roast v. 5b. ΚΠ 1999 Re: Mogwai & Manics (plus Ranting) in alt.music.mogwai (Usenet newsgroup) 1 July Away and play yer analouge [sic] keyboard you fuckin' roaster. 2007 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 Mar. 52 Several gum-bumping roasters missed the concept of an acoustic gig, shamefully hollering during the two-and-a-half hour performance. 2018 @ScotnotB 18 Apr. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) He always dresses like his maw left his clothes out for him the night before. A complete roaster that yin. Compounds roaster oven n. = sense 3d. ΚΠ 1940 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 128 A new-model roaster oven can be placed on the table for serving buffet meals. 2005 G. D. Cohen Mature Mind i. 22 She had loaned a roaster oven to someone but couldn't remember to whom. roaster pan n. originally and chiefly North American = sense 3a. ΚΠ 1891 Landmark (Statesville, N. Carolina) 1 Oct. Miss Inez Deaton, of Statesville, is agent for a ‘baker and roaster pan’.] 1902 Daily Kennebec Jrnl. (Augusta, Maine) 22 Nov. 13/4 A double covered roaster pan 10x14 inches, for only 37c., can't afford to roast the turkey or chicken without it. 1936 Charleroi (Pa.) Mail 24 Nov. 9/2 Delicious, smooth gravy can be made in the roaster pan after the fowl has been removed. 2008 Bangor (Maine) Daily News (Nexis) 26 Nov. c5 If steaming in the oven, pour the boiling water into a roaster pan, place a rack in the pan and then set the dish or dishes of custard on the rack. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1440 |
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