单词 | robustious |
释义 | robustiousadj. 1. Strong and hardy; sturdy; healthy. a. Of a person. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. strongeOE stalworthc1175 starka1250 stiff1297 stalworthyc1300 vigorousc1330 stoura1350 lustyc1374 marrowya1382 sturdyc1386 crank1398 robust1490 vigorious1502 stalwart1508 hardy1548 robustious1548 of force1577 rustical1583 marrowed1612 rustic1620 robustic1652 solid1741 refractory1843 salted1864 resistant1876 saulteda1879 the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > bodily strength > [adjective] > robust strongeOE hardOE stalworthc1175 starka1250 stiff1297 steel to the (very) backa1300 stalworthyc1300 wightc1300 stable13.. valiant1303 stithc1325 toughc1330 wrast1338 stoura1350 sadc1384 wighty14.. derfc1440 substantialc1460 well-jointed1483 felon1487 robust1490 stalwart1508 stoutya1529 robustous?1531 rankc1540 hardy1548 robustious1548 stout1576 rustical1583 rustic1620 iron1638 robustic1652 swankinga1704 strapping1707 rugged1731 solid1741 vaudy1793 flaithulach1829 ironbark1833 swankie1838 tough as (old) boots or leather1843 skookum1847 hard (also tough, sharp) as nails1862 hard-assed1954 nails1974 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. lvjv Let vs..marche furth like stronge & robustious champions. 1615 S. Daniel Hymens Triumph ii. i. 22 Not degenerate From my robustious manly Ancestors. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 72 This Gunner was a robustious Vulcan. 1735 J. Swift Furnit. Woman's Mind in Wks. II. 415 She gets a Cold as sure as Death;..Admires how modest Women can Be so robustious like a Man. 1791 F. Burney Let. 13 Aug. (1972) I. 9 My weakness..disappoints me: but I have still fair hopes of becoming again my own robustious self. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. v. vi. 50 The combined powers of the league might have been too potent..for the robustious warriors of the Manhattoes. 1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall I. 70 The number of robustious footmen and retainers of all kinds bustling about. 1863 A. Smith Dreamthorp 24 The robustious fellow who sits at the head of the table. 1915 Englewood (Chicago) Times 16 Apr. 7/4 This is not true, unless one is hale, hearty, robustious or has a stomach inherited from a grandfather who fought the Indians back in the corn bread and venison days. b. Of the body or its parts, constitution, disposition, etc. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > resistant to disease, etc. > of the body or its parts robust1490 robustious1584 vigorous1618 mettlesome1668 sturdy1861 1584 Copie of Let. conc. Erle of Leycester 114 Her highnes..well strocken in years, and of no great good health or robustious and strong complexion. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 38 It will..harden his soft bleding vaines as stiffe and robustious, as branches of Corrall. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 128 The dry Walnuts are onely good for robustious bodies. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 569 These redundant locks Robustious to no purpose clustring down. View more context for this quotation 1771 E. Long Trial of Carter's Dog in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 207 It is by far too dainty for their robustious constitutions. 1817 Ld. Byron Let. 9 May (1976) V. 222 I am..congratulated by impertinent persons on my robustious appearance when I ought to be pale and interesting. 1869 Mountain Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 30 Oct. 1/5 He felt himself completely at the mercy of the female whose robustious arms enclosed him. 1908 H. Caine My Story ii. ii. 108 He bantered me for several minutes on what he called my ‘robustious’ appearance. 2. Of a thing: big and strong; sturdy; resilient. Also figurative. Now rare.Earliest in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > of large volume or bulky > and solid greateOE stour?a1300 fata1325 mightyc1375 sternc1394 stiffc1400 massivec1425 mastiff1495 gross1516 massy1548 robustious1548 mountainousa1616 monumental1632 mountain1633 lusty1640 beamy1697 material1736 Himalayan1878 wodgy1907 monolith1922 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxviiv When the duke of Yorke had fastened his chaine, betwene these twoo strong and robustious pillers [i.e. the Earls of Warwick and Salisbury]. 1612 S. Daniel First Pt. Hist. Eng. ii. 76 Roul, or Rou, a great C[o]mmaunder amongst them, furnished a robustious powre,..and first landed in England. 1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 90 Against this Bellarmine brings..a most robustious argument. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 437 Assertours and Abettours of Truth, then which nothing is more robustious and strong. 1679 G. Rose tr. P. Boaistuau Theatre of World 139 His Cloak..was likewise so very heavy and robustious. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iii. i. 122 When erect, he had not a little the appearance of a robustious beer barrel. 1915 Nevada State Jrnl. 9 Mar. 1/6 The banner is..a large and robustious standard, expansive in dimensions. 3. a. Of a person or a person's manner: violent, rough; strongly self-assertive; boisterous, exuberant. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective] > rough > rough or boisterous robustious1548 boisterous1568 rory-tory1683 randy1723 rumgumptious1781 lungeous1787 rowdy dowdy1816 roaritorious1821 riproarious1830 rough and tumble1831 rowdy1832 rowdy-dow1832 tear-brass1880 knockabout1885 rory-cum-tory1893 roughhouse1896 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. lvii Men throughe aboundaunce of ryches waxe more insolent, hedstronge and robustius. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 9 O it offends mee to the soule, to heare a rebustious [1604 robustious] periwig fellow, To teare a passion in totters. 1633 J. Shirley Bird in Cage iii. i. sig. E3 The Divell is no more hot and Robustious, where he finds opposition to the sport. 1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel v. 155 Men of a more fierce, strong, robustious temper..are more inept to see any such Spectra. 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 109 You are so robustious, you had like to put out my Eye. ?1790 Q. Persius Cries of Bellona 50 There was a delicate Subaltern in conversation with a robustious jolly dog of a Corporal. 1809 C. Lamb & M. Lamb Poetry for Children I. 59 Your rougher out-door sports Her less robustious spirits daunt. 1851 Times 9 Oct. 4/5 The subtle captain..thinks it a very great impertinence in the robustious corporal to have any opinion at all. 1921 W. L. Phelps Ess. Mod. Dramatists i. 11 A certain gentleness goes with understanding; your robustious fellows do not know much about men and women. 1947 H. Babcock My Health is Better in November 14 Then is Bob a robustious and swaggering fellow... He is ready for fight or frolic. 2005 New Republic 27 June (Nexis) 22 The robustious hero in Gladiator. b. Of an action, event, etc.: characterized by violence or boisterousness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] retheeOE hotOE strongOE woodlyc1000 un-i-rideOE stoura1122 brathc1175 unridec1175 unrudec1225 starklyc1275 toughc1275 wood1297 ragec1330 unrekena1350 biga1375 furialc1386 outrageousc1390 savagea1393 violenta1393 bremelya1400 snarta1400 wrothlya1400 fightingc1400 runishc1400 dour?a1425 derfc1440 churlousa1450 roida1450 fervent1465 churlish1477 orgulous1483 felona1500 brathfula1522 brathlya1525 fanatic1533 furious1535 boisterous1544 blusterous1548 ungentle1551 sore1563 full-mouthed1594 savage wild1595 Herculean1602 shrill1608 robustious1612 efferous1614 thundering1618 churly1620 ferocient1655 turbulent1656 efferate1684 knock-me-down1760 haggard-wild1786 ensanguined1806 rammish1807 fulminatory1820 riproarious1830 natural1832 survigrous1835 sabre-toothed1849 cataclysmal1861 thunderous1874 fierce1912 cataractal1926 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion i. 7 This robustious play; By which, the toiles of warre most liuelie are exprest. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. vii. 146 The men doe sympathize with the Mastiffes, in robustious and rough comming on. View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iv. 37 In Scotland they had handl'd the Bishops in a more robustious manner. 1839 B. Disraeli Let. 18 Dec. in Corr. with Sister (1886) 146 They had a roaring, robustious, romping party. 1897 S. S. Sprigge Life of T. Wakley xxx. 276 The crude and robustious declamations of a demagogue. 1947 Garfieldian (Chicago) 17 July 15/3 I don't know where else you can get such a rich, robustious, and rollicking account of our folk music. 1985 H. Kramer Revenge of Philistines v. 321 Mr. Hoving's robustious tenure as the director. 2008 F. L. Collins in M. H. Patterson Amer. New Woman Revisited i. 121 To find out if it really was political influence that women were fighting for in those robustious times. c. Of weather, esp. a storm: violent; severe. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements) retheeOE strongOE stithc1100 snella1400 woodc1400 outrage?a1425 violentc1425 sternc1449 strainable1497 rigorous1513 stalwart1528 vehement1528 sore1535 sturdy1569 robustious1632 severe1676 beating1702 shaving1789 snorting1819 wroth1852 wrathy1872 snapping1876 vicious1882 1632 F. Quarles Divine Fancies i. c. 50 If a robustious Storme should rise..thy Harbour's safe enough. 1641 News from Hell, Rome & Inns of Court 21 A robustious storm of wind out of the North. 1843 J. Q. Adams Jrnl. 30 Oct. in Mem. (1874) XI. 416 The gale was not very robustious. 1879 H. W. Beecher Star Papers (new ed.) 427 Those robustious winds of March. 1947 Pottstown (Pa.) Mercury 29 Oct. 4/1 Perhaps robustious weather, like a strong man, has a vigorous spirit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1548 |
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