rheumn.¹

Brit.

/ruːm/, U.S.

/rum/

Forms: Middle English reame, Middle English reem, Middle English reeme, Middle English reme, Middle English remme, Middle English reuma, Middle English–1600s reume, Middle English–1600s rewme, Middle English–1600s rume, 1500s ryme, 1500s–1600s reum, 1500s–1600s rewm, 1500s–1600s rheume, 1500s–1600s rhewm, 1500s–1600s rhewme, 1500s–1600s rhume, 1500s– rheum, 1600s reuthm, 1600s rheugme, 1600s rheuwme, 1600s–1700s rhum; Scottish pre-1700 reume, pre-1700 rewme, pre-1700 rheume, pre-1700 rhewme, pre-1700 1700s– rheum, 1800s rume.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French reume; Latin rheuma, rhema.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman roume, reoume, Anglo-Norman and Middle French reume, Middle French rume, ryeume, rime (French rhume ) watery or mucous secretions, cold in the head, (in medieval conceptions of medicine) a flow or flux of humours (13th cent. in Old French) and its etymon post-classical Latin rheuma, reuma, also rhema, rema flood, tide (4th cent.), catarrh (5th cent.) < ancient Greek ῥεῦμα current, stream, humour, discharge from the body, flux < the base of ῥεῖν to flow (see rheid n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare Old Occitan reuma (1350), Spanish reuma (c1275), Italian reuma (14th cent.), †rema (a1292). Compare rheumatic adj.

a. Watery or mucous secretions, esp. as collecting in or dripping from the eyes, nose, or mouth, originally believed to originate in the brain or head and to be capable of causing disease; †a secretion of this nature (obsolete). In early use also: †a flow or flux (of humours) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun]

runningOE

rheuma1398

flux1447

fluxion?1541

defluxion1578

profluvium1603

redeliverage1612

secession1657

flix1667

eluvies1710

rhinorrhoea1846

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > mucus > [noun]

phlegmc1250

rheuma1398

dropping1398

gleimc1440

horeness1495

flobbage1535

mucus1597

pituita1598

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > mucus discharge > catarrh

rheuma1398

catarrhc1540

distillation1541

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 84 Ferst a rewme renneþ to þe yȝen & þerof comeþ an yuel þat hatte obtalmia, a schrewed blereynes & ache & aposteme.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 220 (MED) For reume þat falliþ adoun of a mannis heed, þer wexiþ in þe rote of þe tunge a maner round þing in þe gretnes of an almaunde, & lettiþ a man þat he mai not wel drawe his breeþ ne ete his mete.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 21 ^v If hote reume descende in to a muscle..first þe grete arteriez..ar repleted..And fro þens to þe..flesh & panniclez, And þer is made an aposteme.

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 94^v (MED) This akynge makiþ þe reume and þe cours of humouris þe whiche ben drunken in to þe senewy membris and maken hem to schrynken.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Branchos, the rewme fallynge downe by the cheekes or throte.

1591 F. Sparry tr. C. de Cattan Geomancie ii. viii. 113 The disease commeth of a rheume or watrishnes.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 116 You that did voyde your rume vpon my beard.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 839 They..haue continually a leafe thereof [sc. tobacco] along the mouth betweene the lip and teeth, the rheume running out at the lip-hole.

1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady iii. i. 270 A constant Ptyalism or spitting thin Rheum.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 728 His sparkling eye Was quench'd in rheums of age.

1860 J. P. Kennedy Rob of Bowl xii. 127 A laugh..brought the rheum from his eye down his cheek.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 1 The [rheumatic] pain being attributed to rheum flowing down from the brain and settling in the affected part.

1930 Science 5 Sept. 237 Nasal secretion—rheum—was thought to represent impurities discharged from the brain.

1961 P. Marshall Soul clap Hands & Sing (1962) 22 Leaning closer to the mirror, but avoiding his eyes, he cleaned the white rheum at their corners.

1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 343 The elephant plodded helplessly about, so anxious to please, black rheum thrown off from his eyes like sweat.

2002 W. Self Dorian (2003) i. 7 Turning this way and that he seemed to take a particular satisfaction in observing the white rheum that had gathered at the corners of his cruel mouth, like sea froth on anfractuous rocks.

†b. Atmospheric moisture, as dew, rain, mist, etc.; an instance of this. Obsolete (rare after 16th cent.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > [noun]

wetec897

wetc1290

weather1382

ymurc1540

rheum?1553

precipitation1605

precipitate1832

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) Prol. l. 39 in Shorter Poems (1967) 10 The dasy and the Maryguld..lay with thair leuis happit Thaim to preserue fra rewmes pungitiue.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 10 To canopie their heads in from the rhewme of the heauens.

1866 Times 29 Oct. 8/4 The frost had purged the air of all its watery rheum.

c. figurative. A gradually building source of harmful consequences or malign influence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > moisture or humidity > [noun] > pernicious or deleterious

wet?a1500

rheum1591

1591 J. Lyly Endimion iv. ii. sig. G^v He is resolued to weep some three or foure payle-fuls, to auoyde the rume of loue that wambleth in his stomacke.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. i. sig. C A masticke patch vpon some womens Temples, hath bin the very rheuwme of beauty.

1650 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης (ed. 2) i. 14 If from his Divines he have borrow'd nothing, nothing out of all the Magazin, and the rheume of thir Mellifluous prayers.

1833 H. Martineau Three Ages i. 21 In the west a like pernicious rheum distils in the cold wind of poverty.

1935 C. Day Lewis Time to Dance & Other Poems 52 A land flowing with milk and honey for some, with the slow rheum of bitter moments for many.

d. literary (chiefly poetic). Tears.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > [noun] > a tear > tears

watereOE

salt waterc1400

moisture?c1425

brine1594

rheum1597

dew1598

lachrymas1602

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iv. 8 The Northeast winde,..Awakt the sleeping rhewme, and so by chance Did grace our hollow parting with a teare.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. vi. 45 A few drops of Womens rhewme, which are As cheape as Lies.

1699 S. Garth Dispensary i. 4 Eyes in rheum, thro' midnight watching drown'd.

1744 J. Stevens Mod. Wife v. iii. 79 Tell him but a smutty Story, or sing him a bawdy Catch, he'll chuckle till the Rheum overflows his Eyes.

1815 R. Southey Minor Poems II. 211 A good March wind Were to be prayed for now, to lend their eyes Some decent rheum.

1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 19 Had he, though blindly contumelious, brought Rheum to kind eyes.

1833 H. Coleridge Poems I. 42 Stoic eyes with foolish rheum o'erflow.

1959 H. Carruth Crow & Heart 22 The gloom Turned liquid in the eyes, a sump of tears A rheum that steepe The flesh.

1986 J. Elliott Dr Gruber's Daughter (1989) iv. 38 His hand shook, rheum came to his eyes at the thought of packing his cardboard suitcases.

2. Disease attributed to the abnormal production or flow of rheum, esp. (more fully cold rheum) the common cold; catarrh; an instance of this (now rare or historical). In later use also: rheumatism; a rheumatic pain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > common cold or catarrh

poseOE

rheuma1398

cold?a1425

snekec1440

refraidourc1450

murr1451

gravedity1547

coldment1578

snorea1585

catarrh1588

coqueluche1611

gravediny1620

coryza1634

snurl1674

catch-cold1706

gravedo1706

common cold1713

coolth?1748

snuffles1770

snifters1808

influenza cold1811

snaffles1822

the sniffles1825

snuffiness1834

crying cold1843

flu1899

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > rheumatism or arthritis

arthritis1543

rheum1667

rheumatism1670

rheumatiz1760

rheumatica1796

arthrosia1822

screwmatic1832

rheumatoid arthritis1859

arthritism1868

polyarthritis1868

osteoarthritis1878

panarthritis1890

screw1897

Still's disease1905

rheumatic1918

osteoarthrosis1932

RA1957

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 220 Comyn..with bayes of laurir tree..helpeþ cold rewme.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. 82 (MED) Kynd conscience..sent forth his foreioures, feures & fluxes..Rewmes & radegoundes.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 136^v Discrasiez vlcerez..polipodalez, corriȝe [?c1425 Paris þe sneke, L. corrize], i. reume, sternutacionz.

c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 2 (MED) It is gude also for flewme & reme [margin remme] in þe hede.

?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 35 (MED) A goud water for to breke þe reme in a manys heuyd and al-so þe pose.

?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe iii. xiv. f. 70 Fleume hath moste puissance in wynter,..whereby are ingendred Catarres or reumes.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 644 In Rheumes and Murrhes the Voyce is hoarse, because the Larynx is dewed with too much moysture.

1656 J. Evelyn Mem. (1819) I. 297 A mist falling as I returned, gave me such a rheume as kept me within doores neere a whole moneth after.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 488 Dropsies, and Asthma's, and Joint-racking Rheums .

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 181 Hence, the Murr or stuffing of the Head, Rheums, or Catarrhs..are so rife amongst us.

1757 D. Hume Passions ii, in Four Diss. 154 Old men..endeavour, as long as possible, to conceal their blindness and deafness, their rheums and gouts.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 188 The nocturnal rheums of an aguish climate.

1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 475 He..was affected with a rheum for a few days after his arrival.

1864 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 6 452/2 I provided myself against the contingencies of colds and rheums with military leggings and padded knee-caps.

1877 Good Words 18 824 Firstly thou, churl son of Janus, Rough for cold, in drugget clad, Com'st with rack and rheum to pain us.

1908 W. W. Campbell Poet. Trag. 280 Hast thou a flux, a frenzy, an evil eye, a gnawing of the tooth, a rheum, a discord.., a nightmare, an' I can cure thee?

1950 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 11 15 Walter Carey in his Farewell to Physicke (1583) wrote of headache, sore eyes, heartburn, rheum in the lungs, and so on.

1991 P. Harding Nightingale Gallery (1992) (BNC) 148 Certain cures..for any agues, aches and rheums you suffer from.

2007 J. McCourt Now Voyagers vii. 291 For the chills, dry mustard in hot water..to soak the feet and calves.., carrageen, of course, for the rheum.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

† rheum-cough n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1553 Princess Mary Let. to Edward VI 16 May in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. ii. xxii. 424 Your Highness late Rheum-Cough.

b. Objective.

† rheum-distilling adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 34 Nose-dropping, rhewme-destilling, driueling mouth.

1770 J. Armstrong Imitations Shakespeare in Misc. II. 202 The shivering clown..With livid cheeks and rheum-distilling nose.

1897 H. Miller Cruise of Betsey viii. 352 An extremely old woman..with dotage glistening in her inexpressive, rheum-distilling eyes.

† rheum-purging adj. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 217 Heere finds he on an Oake Rheume-purging Polipode.

C2.

† rheum-cap n. Obsolete a cap with herbs and spices sewn into it, worn to alleviate a cold.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical garments > [noun] > caps

coif1599

rheum-cap1655

cucupha1656

1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. i. 7 The Brain is also strengthened by outward application of..Rhewm-Caps [L. cucufæ], by which it is comforted and made warm.

1705 E. Taylor Meditation: Mal. 4.2 in Poems (1960) 206 Weave, Lord, these golden Locks into a web Of Spiritual Taffity; make of the same A sweet perfumed Rheum-Cap for my head To free from Lythargy, the Turn, and Pain.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rheum
释义	rheumn.¹ Brit. /ruːm/, U.S. /rum/ Forms: Middle English reame, Middle English reem, Middle English reeme, Middle English reme, Middle English remme, Middle English reuma, Middle English–1600s reume, Middle English–1600s rewme, Middle English–1600s rume, 1500s ryme, 1500s–1600s reum, 1500s–1600s rewm, 1500s–1600s rheume, 1500s–1600s rhewm, 1500s–1600s rhewme, 1500s–1600s rhume, 1500s– rheum, 1600s reuthm, 1600s rheugme, 1600s rheuwme, 1600s–1700s rhum; Scottish pre-1700 reume, pre-1700 rewme, pre-1700 rheume, pre-1700 rhewme, pre-1700 1700s– rheum, 1800s rume. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French reume; Latin rheuma, rhema. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman roume, reoume, Anglo-Norman and Middle French reume, Middle French rume, ryeume, rime (French rhume ) watery or mucous secretions, cold in the head, (in medieval conceptions of medicine) a flow or flux of humours (13th cent. in Old French) and its etymon post-classical Latin rheuma, reuma, also rhema, rema flood, tide (4th cent.), catarrh (5th cent.) < ancient Greek ῥεῦμα current, stream, humour, discharge from the body, flux < the base of ῥεῖν to flow (see rheid n.) + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare Old Occitan reuma (1350), Spanish reuma (c1275), Italian reuma (14th cent.), †rema (a1292). Compare rheumatic adj. 1. a. Watery or mucous secretions, esp. as collecting in or dripping from the eyes, nose, or mouth, originally believed to originate in the brain or head and to be capable of causing disease; †a secretion of this nature (obsolete). In early use also: †a flow or flux (of humours) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] runningOE rheuma1398 flux1447 fluxion?1541 defluxion1578 profluvium1603 redeliverage1612 secession1657 flix1667 eluvies1710 rhinorrhoea1846 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > mucus > [noun] phlegmc1250 rheuma1398 dropping1398 gleimc1440 horeness1495 flobbage1535 mucus1597 pituita1598 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > mucus discharge > catarrh rheuma1398 catarrhc1540 distillation1541 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 84 Ferst a rewme renneþ to þe yȝen & þerof comeþ an yuel þat hatte obtalmia, a schrewed blereynes & ache & aposteme. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 220 (MED) For reume þat falliþ adoun of a mannis heed, þer wexiþ in þe rote of þe tunge a maner round þing in þe gretnes of an almaunde, & lettiþ a man þat he mai not wel drawe his breeþ ne ete his mete. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 21 ^v If hote reume descende in to a muscle..first þe grete arteriez..ar repleted..And fro þens to þe..flesh & panniclez, And þer is made an aposteme. c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 94^v (MED) This akynge makiþ þe reume and þe cours of humouris þe whiche ben drunken in to þe senewy membris and maken hem to schrynken. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Branchos, the rewme fallynge downe by the cheekes or throte. 1591 F. Sparry tr. C. de Cattan Geomancie ii. viii. 113 The disease commeth of a rheume or watrishnes. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 116 You that did voyde your rume vpon my beard. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 839 They..haue continually a leafe thereof [sc. tobacco] along the mouth betweene the lip and teeth, the rheume running out at the lip-hole. 1733 G. Cheyne Eng. Malady iii. i. 270 A constant Ptyalism or spitting thin Rheum. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 728 His sparkling eye Was quench'd in rheums of age. 1860 J. P. Kennedy Rob of Bowl xii. 127 A laugh..brought the rheum from his eye down his cheek. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 1 The [rheumatic] pain being attributed to rheum flowing down from the brain and settling in the affected part. 1930 Science 5 Sept. 237 Nasal secretion—rheum—was thought to represent impurities discharged from the brain. 1961 P. Marshall Soul clap Hands & Sing (1962) 22 Leaning closer to the mirror, but avoiding his eyes, he cleaned the white rheum at their corners. 1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 343 The elephant plodded helplessly about, so anxious to please, black rheum thrown off from his eyes like sweat. 2002 W. Self Dorian (2003) i. 7 Turning this way and that he seemed to take a particular satisfaction in observing the white rheum that had gathered at the corners of his cruel mouth, like sea froth on anfractuous rocks. †b. Atmospheric moisture, as dew, rain, mist, etc.; an instance of this. Obsolete (rare after 16th cent.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > [noun] wetec897 wetc1290 weather1382 ymurc1540 rheum?1553 precipitation1605 precipitate1832 ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) Prol. l. 39 in Shorter Poems (1967) 10 The dasy and the Maryguld..lay with thair leuis happit Thaim to preserue fra rewmes pungitiue. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 10 To canopie their heads in from the rhewme of the heauens. 1866 Times 29 Oct. 8/4 The frost had purged the air of all its watery rheum. c. figurative. A gradually building source of harmful consequences or malign influence. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > moisture or humidity > [noun] > pernicious or deleterious wet?a1500 rheum1591 1591 J. Lyly Endimion iv. ii. sig. G^v He is resolued to weep some three or foure payle-fuls, to auoyde the rume of loue that wambleth in his stomacke. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. i. sig. C A masticke patch vpon some womens Temples, hath bin the very rheuwme of beauty. 1650 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης (ed. 2) i. 14 If from his Divines he have borrow'd nothing, nothing out of all the Magazin, and the rheume of thir Mellifluous prayers. 1833 H. Martineau Three Ages i. 21 In the west a like pernicious rheum distils in the cold wind of poverty. 1935 C. Day Lewis Time to Dance & Other Poems 52 A land flowing with milk and honey for some, with the slow rheum of bitter moments for many. d. literary (chiefly poetic). Tears. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > [noun] > a tear > tears watereOE salt waterc1400 moisture?c1425 brine1594 rheum1597 dew1598 lachrymas1602 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iv. 8 The Northeast winde,..Awakt the sleeping rhewme, and so by chance Did grace our hollow parting with a teare. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. vi. 45 A few drops of Womens rhewme, which are As cheape as Lies. View more context for this quotation 1699 S. Garth Dispensary i. 4 Eyes in rheum, thro' midnight watching drown'd. 1744 J. Stevens Mod. Wife v. iii. 79 Tell him but a smutty Story, or sing him a bawdy Catch, he'll chuckle till the Rheum overflows his Eyes. 1815 R. Southey Minor Poems II. 211 A good March wind Were to be prayed for now, to lend their eyes Some decent rheum. 1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 19 Had he, though blindly contumelious, brought Rheum to kind eyes. 1833 H. Coleridge Poems I. 42 Stoic eyes with foolish rheum o'erflow. 1959 H. Carruth Crow & Heart 22 The gloom Turned liquid in the eyes, a sump of tears A rheum that steepe The flesh. 1986 J. Elliott Dr Gruber's Daughter (1989) iv. 38 His hand shook, rheum came to his eyes at the thought of packing his cardboard suitcases. 2. Disease attributed to the abnormal production or flow of rheum, esp. (more fully cold rheum) the common cold; catarrh; an instance of this (now rare or historical). In later use also: rheumatism; a rheumatic pain. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorder of respiratory organs > [noun] > common cold or catarrh poseOE rheuma1398 cold?a1425 snekec1440 refraidourc1450 murr1451 gravedity1547 coldment1578 snorea1585 catarrh1588 coqueluche1611 gravediny1620 coryza1634 snurl1674 catch-cold1706 gravedo1706 common cold1713 coolth?1748 snuffles1770 snifters1808 influenza cold1811 snaffles1822 the sniffles1825 snuffiness1834 crying cold1843 flu1899 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > rheumatism or arthritis arthritis1543 rheum1667 rheumatism1670 rheumatiz1760 rheumatica1796 arthrosia1822 screwmatic1832 rheumatoid arthritis1859 arthritism1868 polyarthritis1868 osteoarthritis1878 panarthritis1890 screw1897 Still's disease1905 rheumatic1918 osteoarthrosis1932 RA1957 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 220 Comyn..with bayes of laurir tree..helpeþ cold rewme. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. 82 (MED) Kynd conscience..sent forth his foreioures, feures & fluxes..Rewmes & radegoundes. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 136^v Discrasiez vlcerez..polipodalez, corriȝe [?c1425 Paris þe sneke, L. corrize], i. reume, sternutacionz. c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 2 (MED) It is gude also for flewme & reme [margin remme] in þe hede. ?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 35 (MED) A goud water for to breke þe reme in a manys heuyd and al-so þe pose. ?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe iii. xiv. f. 70 Fleume hath moste puissance in wynter,..whereby are ingendred Catarres or reumes. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 644 In Rheumes and Murrhes the Voyce is hoarse, because the Larynx is dewed with too much moysture. 1656 J. Evelyn Mem. (1819) I. 297 A mist falling as I returned, gave me such a rheume as kept me within doores neere a whole moneth after. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 488 Dropsies, and Asthma's, and Joint-racking Rheums . View more context for this quotation 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 181 Hence, the Murr or stuffing of the Head, Rheums, or Catarrhs..are so rife amongst us. 1757 D. Hume Passions ii, in Four Diss. 154 Old men..endeavour, as long as possible, to conceal their blindness and deafness, their rheums and gouts. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 188 The nocturnal rheums of an aguish climate. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 475 He..was affected with a rheum for a few days after his arrival. 1864 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 6 452/2 I provided myself against the contingencies of colds and rheums with military leggings and padded knee-caps. 1877 Good Words 18 824 Firstly thou, churl son of Janus, Rough for cold, in drugget clad, Com'st with rack and rheum to pain us. 1908 W. W. Campbell Poet. Trag. 280 Hast thou a flux, a frenzy, an evil eye, a gnawing of the tooth, a rheum, a discord.., a nightmare, an' I can cure thee? 1950 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 11 15 Walter Carey in his Farewell to Physicke (1583) wrote of headache, sore eyes, heartburn, rheum in the lungs, and so on. 1991 P. Harding Nightingale Gallery (1992) (BNC) 148 Certain cures..for any agues, aches and rheums you suffer from. 2007 J. McCourt Now Voyagers vii. 291 For the chills, dry mustard in hot water..to soak the feet and calves.., carrageen, of course, for the rheum. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. † rheum-cough n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1553 Princess Mary Let. to Edward VI 16 May in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. ii. xxii. 424 Your Highness late Rheum-Cough. b. Objective. † rheum-distilling adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 34 Nose-dropping, rhewme-destilling, driueling mouth. 1770 J. Armstrong Imitations Shakespeare in Misc. II. 202 The shivering clown..With livid cheeks and rheum-distilling nose. 1897 H. Miller Cruise of Betsey viii. 352 An extremely old woman..with dotage glistening in her inexpressive, rheum-distilling eyes. † rheum-purging adj. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 217 Heere finds he on an Oake Rheume-purging Polipode. C2. † rheum-cap n. Obsolete a cap with herbs and spices sewn into it, worn to alleviate a cold. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical garments > [noun] > caps coif1599 rheum-cap1655 cucupha1656 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. i. 7 The Brain is also strengthened by outward application of..Rhewm-Caps [L. cucufæ], by which it is comforted and made warm. 1705 E. Taylor Meditation: Mal. 4.2 in Poems (1960) 206 Weave, Lord, these golden Locks into a web Of Spiritual Taffity; make of the same A sweet perfumed Rheum-Cap for my head To free from Lythargy, the Turn, and Pain. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Rheumn.² Brit. /ˈriːəm/, U.S. /ˈriəm/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Rheum. Etymology: < scientific Latin Rheum ( Linnaeus Systema naturæ (1735)) < post-classical Latin rheum (6th cent. as reum in reum ponticum : see rhapontic n.) < Hellenistic Greek ῥῆον , variant of ῥᾶ rha n. Botany. A genus of the family Polygonaceae comprising the rhubarbs (see rhubarb n. 1a); (in form rheum) a plant of this genus, a rhubarb.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Linnaeus Species plantarum (1753) I. 371. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Polygonaceae (dock and allies) > [noun] > dock and allies red dockeOE dockc1000 rhubarbc1390 docken1423 patience?a1425 round dock1526 Rumex1565 wild patience1578 bloody dock1597 monk's rhubarb1597 Welsh sorrel1640 butterdock1688 mountain rhapontic1728 mountain sorrel1753 Rheum1753 redshank1810 patience dock1816 fiddle-dock1823 canaigre1868 nettle-docken1891 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. App. (at cited word) Rheum, in botany, the name given by Linnæus to Rhubarb. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 206/2 Rheum... 1. The Rhaponticum, or common rhubarb... It grows in Thrace and Scythia, but has been long in English gardens... The plant being astringent, its young stalks in spring, being cut and peeled, are used for tarts. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 327 Rheum undulatum... This species of rheum was supposed by Boerhaave to be the true Chinese rhubarb. 1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 451/1 What is termed Monk's rhubarb is not the produce of any species of rheum, but of the Rumex alpinus. 1916 Standard Cycl. Hort. V. 2927/2 Rheums are usually seen to best advantage against a heavy background of foliage or of rock. 1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. iii. xi. 119 A widely distributed aglucone is emodin or 1, 6, 8-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone, which occurs in Rhubarb (Rheum). 1985 Times 20 Apr. 16/2 Plants which are established at the pool edges can now be divided or replanted. These include..the bog primulas, rheums for water-side planting, [etc.]. 2000 Country Illustr. Apr. 102/2 Rheum ‘Ace of Hearts’ produces substantial but manageable mounds of stiffly upright, heart-shaped foliage, exposing the muted red-burgundy undersurface. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rheumv. Forms: late Middle English reum, late Middle English revm, 1600s rewm, 1800s rheum. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rheum n.¹ Etymology: < rheum n.¹ Compare rheumatize v. and foreign-language forms cited at that entry. Obsolete. rare. 1. intransitive. To flow as rheum. ΚΠ ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 77 Þe hote water reumeþ [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. is..reumatized; L. reumatizat] most redely and þe colde mater forsoþe is gadred togidre. 2. intransitive. To discharge or overflow with rheum. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretion of mucus > excrete mucus [verb (intransitive)] rheum1602 1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus ii. vi. 968 A meere scholler, is a creature that can..put on a pair of lined slippers, sit rewming till dinner [etc.]. 1839 G. Pigott tr. A. Oehlenshlager in G. Pigott Man. Scand. Mythol. v. 156 Her eyes which rheumed much, Were deep sunk inside her head. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹a1398n.²1753v.?c1425
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rheumn.1

Compounds

Rheumn.2

† rheumv.

rheumn.¹

Rheumn.²