sweeradj.

Brit.

/swɪə/, U.S.

/swɪ(ə)r/, Scottish English

/swir/

Forms: Old English swær ( suuer, swer), swære, Middle English Orm. sware, Middle English–1600s swere, Middle English suer, Middle English suere, Middle English–1500s swer, 1500s sweyr, 1500s–1600s sueir, 1500s–1800s sweir, 1600s sweare, 1600s, 1800s swear, 1700s– sweer.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic adjective (= heavy, grievous, grave) < Old English swǽr, swǽre, also swár, = Old Frisian swêre (West Frisian swier, East and North Frisian swâr, only figurative), Old Saxon swâr, Middle Low German swêr and swâr, Middle Dutch swær and swâre (Dutch zwaar), Old High German suâri and suâr (Middle High German swære, swær, and swâr, German schwer), Old Norse svárr (Swedish svår; Danish svær from Low German), Gothic svêrs only in sense ‘honoured, worthy’ < Germanic *swǣrja- and *swǣra- (compare Lithuanian sveriù to lift, weigh, svarùs heavy). Ormin's form sware is from Old Norse. The physical meaning ‘heavy’ did not survive the Old English period.

Scottish and northern dialect.

†1. Grievous, oppressive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective]

heavyc825

grimc900

strongeOE

hardeOE

drearyOE

eileOE

sweerOE

deara1000

bitterOE

tartc1000

smartOE

unridec1175

sharp?c1225

straitc1275

grievousc1290

fellc1330

shrewda1387

snella1400

unsterna1400

vilea1400

importunea1425

ungainc1425

thrallc1430

peisant1483

sore?a1513

weighty1540

heinous?1541

urgent?1542

asperous?1567

dure1567

spiny1586

searching1590

hoara1600

vengible1601

flinty1613

tugging1642

atrocious1733

uncannya1774

severe1774

stern1830

punishing1833

hefty1867

solid1916

OE Crist III 1411 Þ bidrifen wurde onþas þeaostran weoruld, þær þu þolades siþþan mægenearfeþu micle stunde, sar ond swar gewin ond sweartne deað.

OE Genesis 472 Swa him æfter þy yldo ne derede, ne suht sware.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16280 Forr hefiȝ & forr sware unngriþþ Þatt hæþenn follc þær wrohhte.

a1225 Juliana 46 Ne set me neuer naþing swa luðere ne swa swere.

†2. Oppressed in mind, grieved, sad. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]

sorelyc888

gramec893

sorrowfuleOE

unblithec897

sorryeOE

carefulOE

charyOE

sickOE

yomerOE

sorry-moodOE

sweerc1000

yomerlyOE

sorrilyOE

woea1200

balec1220

sorry?c1225

sorec1275

gremefula1300

sada1300

ruthlyc1300

thoughtfulc1300

woebegonea1325

heavyc1330

grievousc1374

woefula1375

sorrowya1382

dereful?a1400

sorousa1400

sytefula1400

teenfula1400

wrotha1400

balefulc1400

tristy?c1400

tristc1420

dolefulc1430

wapped in woec1440

yhevidc1440

dolenta1450

condolentc1460

discomforted1477

tristfula1492

sorrow1496

dram?a1513

dolorous1513

earnful?1527

troublous1535

amort1546

mournfula1558

passioned1560

sadded1566

tristive1578

distressed1586

passionate1586

sorrowed1596

distressful1601

passionful1605

sighful1606

contristed1625

anguishinga1642

sadful1658

saddened1665

tristitious1694

sick as a parrot1705

pangful1727

woesome1778

grieving1807

ruesome1833

yearned1838

doleant1861

mournsome1869

thoughted1869

tragical1887

grief-stricken1905

c1000 Ags. Ps. ci. 4 [cii. 5] Forðon me is swære stefne, hefig, gnorniende.

c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 480 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 142 Þat lichtis þe hart & makis It clere, þat Ignorance be-fore mad swere.

3. Disinclined for effort, inactive; indolent, slothful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [adjective]

sweerc725

foridledc1230

idlea1300

faintc1325

recrayed1340

slewful1340

nicea1398

sleuthya1400

delicate?c1400

sleuthfulc1400

slothfulc1400

sloth1412

lurdanc1480

luskinga1500

luskish15..

droning1509

bumbard?a1513

slottery1513

desidiousa1540

lazy1549

slovening1549

truanta1550

sleuth1567

litherly1573

truantly1579

dronish1580

lubberly1580

truant-like1583

shiftless1584

sluggard1594

fat1598

lusky1604

sweatless1606

clumse1611

easeful1611

loselly1611

do-littlea1613

sluggardisha1627

pigritious1638

drony1653

murcid1656

thokisha1682

shammockinga1704

indolent1710

huddroun1721

nothing-doing1724

desidiose1727

lusk1775

slack-twisted1794

sweert1817

bone-lazya1825

lurgy1828

straight-backed1830

do-nothing1832

slobbish1833

bone idle1836

slouch1837

lotophagous1841

shammocky1841

bein1847

thoky1847

lotus-eating1852

fainéant1855

sluggardly1865

lazy-boned1875

do-naught1879

easy-going1879

lazyish1892

slobbed1962

c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) D 26 Desis, suuer.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 26 Serue male et piger, ðegn ðe yfle & swer.

c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 12 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 150 I tak na tym to tel It here, for I ame ald & sumdele swere.

a1500 Wisd. Solomon 549 in Ratis Raving, etc. 17 He sais, þat the full suere man plettis his handis one his brest.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 151 Mony sweir bumbard belly huddroun.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 15 Nocht sweir, bot in his deidis diligent.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 286 Ydle, sueir, and sleuthfull.

1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Alexander II in Regiam Majestatem 14 The swere and slowfull man will not plowe.

1663 ‘P. Stampoy’ Coll. Sc. Prov. 3 An oleit [= active] Mother makes a sweir Daughter.

1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. iv. 19 It's a sweer (lazy) thochtless way to gang to the Almichty wi' ilka fash.

4. Loth, reluctant, unwilling, disinclined (to do something).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adjective]

argha1000

slowOE

unwillyc1200

sweera1300

unfain1338

loathc1374

dangerousc1386

eschewc1386

squeamous1387

obstinate?a1439

unpresta1500

ill-willing?1520

evil-willing1525

untowards1525

untowarda1530

unwilling1533

strange1548

ill-willed1549

dainty1553

relucting1553

squeamish?1553

nicea1560

loathful1561

coyish1566

coy1576

unhearty1583

costive1594

unready1595

tarrowinga1598

undisposed1597

involuntary1598

backward1600

retrograde1602

unpregnant1604

scrupulous1608

unprone1611

refractory1614

behindhanda1616

nilling1620

backwards1627

shya1628

retractable1632

reluctant1638

loughta1641

tendera1641

unapt1640

uninclinable1640

unbeteaming1642

boggling1645

averse1646

indisposed1646

aversant1657

incomposed1660

disinclined1703

unobliging1707

unconsenting1713

uninclined1729

tenacious1766

disinclinable1769

ill-disposed1771

unaffectioned1788

scruplesomec1800

back-handed1817

sweert1817

tharf1828

backward in coming forward1830

unvoluntary1834

misinclined1837

squeamy1838

balky1847

retractive1869

grudging1874

tharfish1876

unwishful1876

safety first1917

a1300 Cursor Mundi 28284 Ic ha ben bath reckeles and suere To helpe nedy in þair mistere.

c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 685 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 148 Þocht to treu he wes swere, quhen he can goddis wordis here.

a1510 G. Douglas King Hart ii. 24 In fayth ȝe cum nocht heir; Rin on thy way, or thow sall beir ane route: And say, the portar he is wonder sweir.

1560 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1843) III. ii. 217 We haif our lang abstractit ourselfis and beyne sweir in adjwning ws to Christes Congregatioun.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 26 But O I'm wae And unko sweer to die.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 332 ‘Very right, my little man,’ said Ochiltree, turning the reluctant poney's head towards Monkbarns, ‘but we'll guide him atween us, if he's no a' the sweerer.’

1896 J. M. Barrie Margaret Ogilvy vi. 107 I'm sweer to waken him—I doubt he was working late.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sweer
释义	sweeradj. Brit. /swɪə/, U.S. /swɪ(ə)r/, Scottish English /swir/ Forms: Old English swær ( suuer, swer), swære, Middle English Orm. sware, Middle English–1600s swere, Middle English suer, Middle English suere, Middle English–1500s swer, 1500s sweyr, 1500s–1600s sueir, 1500s–1800s sweir, 1600s sweare, 1600s, 1800s swear, 1700s– sweer. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic adjective (= heavy, grievous, grave) < Old English swǽr, swǽre, also swár, = Old Frisian swêre (West Frisian swier, East and North Frisian swâr, only figurative), Old Saxon swâr, Middle Low German swêr and swâr, Middle Dutch swær and swâre (Dutch zwaar), Old High German suâri and suâr (Middle High German swære, swær, and swâr, German schwer), Old Norse svárr (Swedish svår; Danish svær from Low German), Gothic svêrs only in sense ‘honoured, worthy’ < Germanic swǣrja- and swǣra- (compare Lithuanian sveriù to lift, weigh, svarùs heavy). Ormin's form sware is from Old Norse. The physical meaning ‘heavy’ did not survive the Old English period. Scottish and northern dialect. †1. Grievous, oppressive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective] heavyc825 grimc900 strongeOE hardeOE drearyOE eileOE sweerOE deara1000 bitterOE tartc1000 smartOE unridec1175 sharp?c1225 straitc1275 grievousc1290 fellc1330 shrewda1387 snella1400 unsterna1400 vilea1400 importunea1425 ungainc1425 thrallc1430 peisant1483 sore?a1513 weighty1540 heinous?1541 urgent?1542 asperous?1567 dure1567 spiny1586 searching1590 hoara1600 vengible1601 flinty1613 tugging1642 atrocious1733 uncannya1774 severe1774 stern1830 punishing1833 hefty1867 solid1916 OE Crist III 1411 Þ bidrifen wurde onþas þeaostran weoruld, þær þu þolades siþþan mægenearfeþu micle stunde, sar ond swar gewin ond sweartne deað. OE Genesis 472 Swa him æfter þy yldo ne derede, ne suht sware. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16280 Forr hefiȝ & forr sware unngriþþ Þatt hæþenn follc þær wrohhte. a1225 Juliana 46 Ne set me neuer naþing swa luðere ne swa swere. †2. Oppressed in mind, grieved, sad. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] sorelyc888 gramec893 sorrowfuleOE unblithec897 sorryeOE carefulOE charyOE sickOE yomerOE sorry-moodOE sweerc1000 yomerlyOE sorrilyOE woea1200 balec1220 sorry?c1225 sorec1275 sorec1275 gremefula1300 sada1300 ruthlyc1300 thoughtfulc1300 woebegonea1325 heavyc1330 grievousc1374 woefula1375 sorrowya1382 dereful?a1400 sorousa1400 sytefula1400 teenfula1400 wrotha1400 balefulc1400 tristy?c1400 tristc1420 dolefulc1430 wapped in woec1440 yhevidc1440 dolenta1450 condolentc1460 discomforted1477 tristfula1492 sorrow1496 dram?a1513 dolorous1513 earnful?1527 troublous1535 amort1546 mournfula1558 passioned1560 sadded1566 tristive1578 distressed1586 passionate1586 sorrowed1596 distressful1601 passionful1605 sighful1606 contristed1625 anguishinga1642 sadful1658 saddened1665 tristitious1694 sick as a parrot1705 pangful1727 woesome1778 grieving1807 ruesome1833 yearned1838 doleant1861 mournsome1869 thoughted1869 tragical1887 grief-stricken1905 c1000 Ags. Ps. ci. 4 [cii. 5] Forðon me is swære stefne, hefig, gnorniende. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 480 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 142 Þat lichtis þe hart & makis It clere, þat Ignorance be-fore mad swere. 3. Disinclined for effort, inactive; indolent, slothful. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [adjective] sweerc725 foridledc1230 idlea1300 faintc1325 recrayed1340 slewful1340 nicea1398 sleuthya1400 delicate?c1400 sleuthfulc1400 slothfulc1400 sloth1412 lurdanc1480 luskinga1500 luskish15.. droning1509 bumbard?a1513 slottery1513 desidiousa1540 lazy1549 slovening1549 truanta1550 sleuth1567 litherly1573 truantly1579 dronish1580 lubberly1580 truant-like1583 shiftless1584 sluggard1594 fat1598 lusky1604 sweatless1606 clumse1611 easeful1611 loselly1611 do-littlea1613 sluggardisha1627 pigritious1638 drony1653 murcid1656 thokisha1682 shammockinga1704 indolent1710 huddroun1721 nothing-doing1724 desidiose1727 lusk1775 slack-twisted1794 sweert1817 bone-lazya1825 lurgy1828 straight-backed1830 do-nothing1832 slobbish1833 bone idle1836 slouch1837 lotophagous1841 shammocky1841 bein1847 thoky1847 lotus-eating1852 fainéant1855 sluggardly1865 lazy-boned1875 do-naught1879 easy-going1879 lazyish1892 slobbed1962 c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) D 26 Desis, suuer. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 26 Serue male et piger, ðegn ðe yfle & swer. c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 12 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 150 I tak na tym to tel It here, for I ame ald & sumdele swere. a1500 Wisd. Solomon 549 in Ratis Raving, etc. 17 He sais, þat the full suere man plettis his handis one his brest. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 151 Mony sweir bumbard belly huddroun. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 15 Nocht sweir, bot in his deidis diligent. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 286 Ydle, sueir, and sleuthfull. 1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Alexander II in Regiam Majestatem 14 The swere and slowfull man will not plowe. 1663 ‘P. Stampoy’ Coll. Sc. Prov. 3 An oleit [= active] Mother makes a sweir Daughter. 1865 G. MacDonald Alec Forbes I. iv. 19 It's a sweer (lazy) thochtless way to gang to the Almichty wi' ilka fash. 4. Loth, reluctant, unwilling, disinclined (to do something). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adjective] argha1000 slowOE unwillyc1200 sweera1300 unfain1338 loathc1374 dangerousc1386 eschewc1386 squeamous1387 obstinate?a1439 unpresta1500 ill-willing?1520 evil-willing1525 untowards1525 untowarda1530 unwilling1533 strange1548 ill-willed1549 dainty1553 relucting1553 squeamish?1553 nicea1560 loathful1561 coyish1566 coy1576 unhearty1583 costive1594 unready1595 tarrowinga1598 undisposed1597 involuntary1598 backward1600 retrograde1602 unpregnant1604 scrupulous1608 unprone1611 refractory1614 behindhanda1616 nilling1620 backwards1627 shya1628 retractable1632 reluctant1638 loughta1641 tendera1641 unapt1640 uninclinable1640 unbeteaming1642 boggling1645 averse1646 indisposed1646 aversant1657 incomposed1660 disinclined1703 unobliging1707 unconsenting1713 uninclined1729 tenacious1766 disinclinable1769 ill-disposed1771 unaffectioned1788 scruplesomec1800 back-handed1817 sweert1817 tharf1828 backward in coming forward1830 unvoluntary1834 misinclined1837 squeamy1838 balky1847 retractive1869 grudging1874 tharfish1876 unwishful1876 safety first1917 a1300 Cursor Mundi 28284 Ic ha ben bath reckeles and suere To helpe nedy in þair mistere. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 685 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 148 Þocht to treu he wes swere, quhen he can goddis wordis here. a1510 G. Douglas King Hart ii. 24 In fayth ȝe cum nocht heir; Rin on thy way, or thow sall beir ane route: And say, the portar he is wonder sweir. 1560 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1843) III. ii. 217 We haif our lang abstractit ourselfis and beyne sweir in adjwning ws to Christes Congregatioun. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 26 But O I'm wae And unko sweer to die. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 332 ‘Very right, my little man,’ said Ochiltree, turning the reluctant poney's head towards Monkbarns, ‘but we'll guide him atween us, if he's no a' the sweerer.’ 1896 J. M. Barrie Margaret Ogilvy vi. 107 I'm sweer to waken him—I doubt he was working late. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c725
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