reverentialadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌrɛvəˈrɛnʃl/, U.S.

/ˌrɛvəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/

Forms: 1500s reuerencial, 1500s reuerenciall, 1600s reverentiall, 1600s– reverential.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin reverentialis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin reverentialis characterized by respect or reverence (from 13th cent. in British sources), worthy of respect or reverence (15th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin reverentia reverence n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French reverencial , Middle French, French †reverential , French révérenciel respectful (1457), inspiring reverence (1530), Spanish reverencial (early 16th cent.), Portuguese reverencial (15th cent.), Italian reverenziale , (rare) riverenziale (a1342). Compare earlier reverent adj.

A. adj.

†1. = dimissory adj. 2(a). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > [adjective] > of letters

reverential1549

dimissory1581

dismissory1647

1549 E. Bonner in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 719/2 Desiring instantly,..according, to the lawes or letters reuerencial or demissories to be geuen and deliuered vnto me in this behalfe.

2. Of the nature of, due to, or characterized by reverence.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > [adjective]

worshipful1357

reverenta1382

reverend1449

reverencing1573

reverentiala1575

venerate1592

venerable1613

revering1639

venerating1663

venerant1846

venerational1854

venerative1860

a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 148 He did it for a reverential fear he had of his father.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 4 Wilt thou say..that oaths made in reverentiall feare of love..any may forsweare?

1676 J. Glanvill Ess. i. 26 Their Progress hath not been retarded by this reverential awe of former Discoveries.

1714 R. Fiddes Pract. Disc. (ed. 2) II. 150 A filial and reverential fear of God is necessary.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ix. 273 He was..rather to be looked up to with reverential admiration.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. i. 9 Their behaviour in the church was anything but reverential or edifying.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 377 The members..returned an answer in reverential and affectionate language.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 388 To change this reverential preference for the kingly stock into a definite rule of hereditary descent.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 31 Jan. 10/1 Mr. Sykes will be spoken of in the same reverential way that we now speak of Bodley in Oxford.

1967 Punch 25 Oct. 639/2 The tone of it, if not derisive and iconoclastic in quite the Stracheyan manner, is none the less far from hushed and reverential.

2001 R. Hill Dialogues of Dead (2002) xl. 441 I still feel nostalgic for the old-style museum with its musty smells and its atmosphere of reverential silence.

3. Inspiring reverence; worthy of being revered; venerable. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > quality of inspiring reverence > [adjective]

reverentc1410

reverendc1440

reverentiala1631

veneral1631

venerable1641

reverable1675

canonizable1913

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > quality of inspiring reverence > [adjective] > of things, places, or qualities

reverent?c1400

reverendc1443

venerand1549

sacred1560

venerable1601

reverentiala1631

numinous1647

a1631 J. Donne LXXX Serm. (1640) lxviii. 693 How reverentiall a thing is the blood of this immaculate Lambe.

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. vi. 106 The Reverentiall Lady Meredina, and many more of her traine.

1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 187 Of which [a] fatherly, prolixe and reverentiall beard is a solemne sign and majestick Embleme.

1720 Independent Whig 10 Aug. 226 I saw some of the Governors..uncased of their reverential Robes, and dressed up with Hats and Feathers, Sword-knots, and laced Coats.

1790 E. Umfreville Present State of Hudson's Bay 24 Innumerable stars.., added to the beautiful appearance of the moon, make a most reverential and splendid appearance.

1804 ‘E. de Acton’ Tale without Title II. 133 The office of a spiritual instructor..being so endearing as well as reverential.

1898 Lima (Ohio) News 26 July 4/1 That gentleman is reverential in appearance as Father Abraham.

1922 T. M. Longstreth Laurentians ix. 145 Imperial domes of mutable green rear their reverential crests above its incurvated shores, made musical by the chirrup of wild birds.

1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide to Heraldry i. 5 This is the real reason for the reverential status of arms in the Middle Ages.

4. Grammar. Designating a word, suffix, etc., that is used to express respect or to convey formality. Cf. honorific adj. 1

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > denoting or conferring respect

honorificala1639

honorific1650

reverential1799

1799 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 4 193 The Mexicans had not only reverential nouns, but reverential verbs.

1877 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1876–7 16 632 In a community with so aristocratic forms as that of the Timucua we must expect to meet with a number of reverential endings appended to nouns and verbs, which were used in addressing persons who commanded respect.

1897 J. Rhys in Pembrokeshire Antiq. 13 Briacus is the name which has become Briog in modern Welsh, and we have it with a reverential prefix ty in Ty-friog in Llan Dyfriog in the Teivi Valley.

1935 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 8 34/1 Dialect of Tidaa: (reverential forms used when addressing a superior, an older person, a stranger, etc.).

2001 L. M. Burkhart Before Guadalupe i. 11/1 Mary is referred to here as tonantzin ‘our mother’ (with reverential suffix).

B. n.

†1. In plural. Attributes or qualities which command respect or reverence. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xlix. 301 If she would lay Claim to her Reverentials, as I may say, and not endeavour to conceal her Age.

1766 M. Minifie Picture xi. 82 She did not appear with all the bloom of Spring, neither had she any pretensions to the reverentials of Winter.

a. A reverential person. Also with plural agreement: reverential people considered collectively.

ΚΠ

1791 R. Sadler Wanley Penson I. iv. 352 The degrees of..priesthood..consisting of provincial bishops, metropolitans,..deacons, presbyters, and every order of reverentials.

1899 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 11 Mar. 339/2 Spitting on the garment hem to exorcise evil spirits from the newborn, which I have seen practised by the reverential of certain calibre.

1912 L. Lawton Empires of Far East I. iv. xxiv. 668 Founding a religion that the devout and the reverential of all countries can accept and endeavour to live up to.

1921 J. J. Gaynor Wine of Witchery 72 While reverentials wait The triumph of His cosmic plan, The Christ reclaims his millions in this martyrdom of man.

1996 J. Raskin For Hell of It (1998) vii. 149 On paper, at least, there was something for everyone in the counterculture, including a ‘Free Store’ for the needy and a ‘Church of the Free Spirit’ for the reverential.

b. That which is reverential.

ΚΠ

1830 J. Barber Gram. of Elocution 185 These constituents are the true elements of the grand, the solemn, the dignified and the reverential.

1864 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 556 ‘Cleon’..is kept strictly within the limits of the reverential, and is extremely happy in its invention.

1870 E. P. Hingston Genial Showman I. 137 He was to blend humorous stupidity with unscrupulous mendacity, to have very little of the reverential about him.

1998 M. Butler in D. M. Bevington & P. Holbrook Politics Stuart Court Masque ii. 24 Yoking the scurrilous and the reverential, the sacred and the profane, the masques mystified Jacobean power even as they unveiled it.

3. Grammar. Esp. in various languages of Mexico and Central America: a reverential word or form; an honorific. Cf. sense A. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > that which expresses other concept or relation

adversativea1504

concessive1651

honorific1778

reverential1845

pejorative1882

deliberative1887

reciprocal1961

evidentiality1980

1845 Trans. Amer. Ethnol. Soc. 1 233 The intransitive reverentials are said to be formed from their compulsive form, and the active from their applicative.

1875 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States III. ix. 732 Reverentials [ending] in tzin, double the terminal, as..huehuetzin, old man; huehuetzitzin, old men.

1948 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 14 236/1 One of the features of Nahuatl is the extensive use of ‘honorific’ or polite speech forms, often called ‘reverentials’.

2001 J. Lockhart Nahuatl as Written iii. 16 Toctpmequiltia is the reverential of ticnequi, ‘we want it.’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reverential
释义	reverentialadj.n. Brit. /ˌrɛvəˈrɛnʃl/, U.S. /ˌrɛvəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/ Forms: 1500s reuerencial, 1500s reuerenciall, 1600s reverentiall, 1600s– reverential. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin reverentialis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin reverentialis characterized by respect or reverence (from 13th cent. in British sources), worthy of respect or reverence (15th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin reverentia reverence n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French reverencial , Middle French, French †reverential , French révérenciel respectful (1457), inspiring reverence (1530), Spanish reverencial (early 16th cent.), Portuguese reverencial (15th cent.), Italian reverenziale , (rare) riverenziale (a1342). Compare earlier reverent adj. A. adj. †1. = dimissory adj. 2(a). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > [adjective] > of letters reverential1549 dimissory1581 dismissory1647 1549 E. Bonner in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 719/2 Desiring instantly,..according, to the lawes or letters reuerencial or demissories to be geuen and deliuered vnto me in this behalfe. 2. Of the nature of, due to, or characterized by reverence. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > [adjective] worshipful1357 reverenta1382 reverend1449 reverencing1573 reverentiala1575 venerate1592 venerable1613 revering1639 venerating1663 venerant1846 venerational1854 venerative1860 a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 148 He did it for a reverential fear he had of his father. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 4 Wilt thou say..that oaths made in reverentiall feare of love..any may forsweare? 1676 J. Glanvill Ess. i. 26 Their Progress hath not been retarded by this reverential awe of former Discoveries. 1714 R. Fiddes Pract. Disc. (ed. 2) II. 150 A filial and reverential fear of God is necessary. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ix. 273 He was..rather to be looked up to with reverential admiration. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. i. 9 Their behaviour in the church was anything but reverential or edifying. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 377 The members..returned an answer in reverential and affectionate language. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 388 To change this reverential preference for the kingly stock into a definite rule of hereditary descent. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 31 Jan. 10/1 Mr. Sykes will be spoken of in the same reverential way that we now speak of Bodley in Oxford. 1967 Punch 25 Oct. 639/2 The tone of it, if not derisive and iconoclastic in quite the Stracheyan manner, is none the less far from hushed and reverential. 2001 R. Hill Dialogues of Dead (2002) xl. 441 I still feel nostalgic for the old-style museum with its musty smells and its atmosphere of reverential silence. 3. Inspiring reverence; worthy of being revered; venerable. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > quality of inspiring reverence > [adjective] reverentc1410 reverendc1440 reverentiala1631 veneral1631 venerable1641 reverable1675 canonizable1913 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > quality of inspiring reverence > [adjective] > of things, places, or qualities reverent?c1400 reverendc1443 venerand1549 sacred1560 venerable1601 reverentiala1631 numinous1647 a1631 J. Donne LXXX Serm. (1640) lxviii. 693 How reverentiall a thing is the blood of this immaculate Lambe. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. vi. 106 The Reverentiall Lady Meredina, and many more of her traine. 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 187 Of which [a] fatherly, prolixe and reverentiall beard is a solemne sign and majestick Embleme. 1720 Independent Whig 10 Aug. 226 I saw some of the Governors..uncased of their reverential Robes, and dressed up with Hats and Feathers, Sword-knots, and laced Coats. 1790 E. Umfreville Present State of Hudson's Bay 24 Innumerable stars.., added to the beautiful appearance of the moon, make a most reverential and splendid appearance. 1804 ‘E. de Acton’ Tale without Title II. 133 The office of a spiritual instructor..being so endearing as well as reverential. 1898 Lima (Ohio) News 26 July 4/1 That gentleman is reverential in appearance as Father Abraham. 1922 T. M. Longstreth Laurentians ix. 145 Imperial domes of mutable green rear their reverential crests above its incurvated shores, made musical by the chirrup of wild birds. 1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide to Heraldry i. 5 This is the real reason for the reverential status of arms in the Middle Ages. 4. Grammar. Designating a word, suffix, etc., that is used to express respect or to convey formality. Cf. honorific adj. 1 ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > denoting or conferring respect honorificala1639 honorific1650 reverential1799 1799 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 4 193 The Mexicans had not only reverential nouns, but reverential verbs. 1877 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1876–7 16 632 In a community with so aristocratic forms as that of the Timucua we must expect to meet with a number of reverential endings appended to nouns and verbs, which were used in addressing persons who commanded respect. 1897 J. Rhys in Pembrokeshire Antiq. 13 Briacus is the name which has become Briog in modern Welsh, and we have it with a reverential prefix ty in Ty-friog in Llan Dyfriog in the Teivi Valley. 1935 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 8 34/1 Dialect of Tidaa: (reverential forms used when addressing a superior, an older person, a stranger, etc.). 2001 L. M. Burkhart Before Guadalupe i. 11/1 Mary is referred to here as tonantzin ‘our mother’ (with reverential suffix). B. n. †1. In plural. Attributes or qualities which command respect or reverence. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xlix. 301 If she would lay Claim to her Reverentials, as I may say, and not endeavour to conceal her Age. 1766 M. Minifie Picture xi. 82 She did not appear with all the bloom of Spring, neither had she any pretensions to the reverentials of Winter. 2. a. A reverential person. Also with plural agreement: reverential people considered collectively. ΚΠ 1791 R. Sadler Wanley Penson I. iv. 352 The degrees of..priesthood..consisting of provincial bishops, metropolitans,..deacons, presbyters, and every order of reverentials. 1899 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 11 Mar. 339/2 Spitting on the garment hem to exorcise evil spirits from the newborn, which I have seen practised by the reverential of certain calibre. 1912 L. Lawton Empires of Far East I. iv. xxiv. 668 Founding a religion that the devout and the reverential of all countries can accept and endeavour to live up to. 1921 J. J. Gaynor Wine of Witchery 72 While reverentials wait The triumph of His cosmic plan, The Christ reclaims his millions in this martyrdom of man. 1996 J. Raskin For Hell of It (1998) vii. 149 On paper, at least, there was something for everyone in the counterculture, including a ‘Free Store’ for the needy and a ‘Church of the Free Spirit’ for the reverential. b. That which is reverential. ΚΠ 1830 J. Barber Gram. of Elocution 185 These constituents are the true elements of the grand, the solemn, the dignified and the reverential. 1864 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 556 ‘Cleon’..is kept strictly within the limits of the reverential, and is extremely happy in its invention. 1870 E. P. Hingston Genial Showman I. 137 He was to blend humorous stupidity with unscrupulous mendacity, to have very little of the reverential about him. 1998 M. Butler in D. M. Bevington & P. Holbrook Politics Stuart Court Masque ii. 24 Yoking the scurrilous and the reverential, the sacred and the profane, the masques mystified Jacobean power even as they unveiled it. 3. Grammar. Esp. in various languages of Mexico and Central America: a reverential word or form; an honorific. Cf. sense A. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > that which expresses other concept or relation adversativea1504 concessive1651 honorific1778 reverential1845 pejorative1882 deliberative1887 reciprocal1961 evidentiality1980 1845 Trans. Amer. Ethnol. Soc. 1 233 The intransitive reverentials are said to be formed from their compulsive form, and the active from their applicative. 1875 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States III. ix. 732 Reverentials [ending] in tzin, double the terminal, as..huehuetzin, old man; huehuetzitzin, old men. 1948 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 14 236/1 One of the features of Nahuatl is the extensive use of ‘honorific’ or polite speech forms, often called ‘reverentials’. 2001 J. Lockhart Nahuatl as Written iii. 16 Toctpmequiltia is the reverential of ticnequi, ‘we want it.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1549
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