retributiveadj.

Brit.

/rᵻˈtrɪbjᵿtɪv/, U.S.

/rəˈtrɪbjədɪv/,

/riˈtrɪbjədɪv/

Forms: 1600s retributiue, 1600s– retributive.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin retributivus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin retributivus of or relating to retribution (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources; 14th cent. in a British source in justitia retributiva ) < classical Latin retribūt- , past participial stem of retribuere retribute v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Middle French retributif (16th cent. in sense ‘large, generous’ in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1818 in French in justice rétributive ), Spanish retributivo (15th cent. in †justiçia retributiva ). Compare retributory adj. and earlier retribute v., retribution n.In 19th-cent. verse sometimes stressed on the first and third syllables (after retribution n.); compare quots. 1801 at sense 1 and 1813 at sense 2.

1. In retributive justice. Designating a form or concept of justice that punishes or rewards a person in accordance with, and in proportion to, their conduct (frequently conceived as decided and dealt by a divine force, or practised to maintain spiritual integrity). Also in later use: designating a system of justice based on punishment of the offender, rather than on rehabilitation.In later use, retributive justice is frequently contrasted with restorative justice, which encourages the victim to take part in a meeting with the offender, and with community workers to find a positive response to a crime.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > rightness or justice > [noun] > maintenance of right by reward or punishment > specific

communicative justicea1513

commutative justice1531

corrective justice1531

distributive justice1531

retributive justice1619

expletive justice1652

expletory justice1654

poetical justice1678

poetic justice1691

retributivism1954

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective] > relating to retaliation > characterized by retaliation or retribution

retributive justice1619

vindictive1656

retributory1748

retributivist1954

1619 T. Taylor Circumspect Walking xix. 169 Concerning iustice retributiue, in borrowing and lending..Owe nothing to any man saue loue.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. * A Distributive or Retributive Justice, dispensing Rewards and Punishments throughout the whole World.

1761 J. Stonhouse Universal Restitution xxii. 404 We have already acknowledged a retributive justice in God, and in consequence thereof, a damnation of the wicked..correspondent with all the forms of equity.

1788 Times 3 Sept. 2/2 As a kind of retributive justice, Lord Howard..intends leaving him the fortune of his ancestors.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 304 O hard of heart! whom not the visible power Of retributive Justice..Deterred from equal crime!

1842 G. B. Cheever Punishment by Death xii. 147 There is such a thing as Justice, retributive Justice, besides and apart from the purpose of security against crime... The idea is in our souls.

1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets vii. 195 When the righteous man appears, who performs an act of retributive justice, then the curse is stayed.

1916 R. W. Sellars Next Step in Democracy viii. 165 Gradually retributive justice was taken in hand by the social group in a formal manner and the right to private revenge banned.

1941 A. C. Bouquet Compar. Relig. vii. 102 The ideas of karma, or retributive justice, and of samsara, or the chain of reincarnations.

2009 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 5 July 2 Restorative justice is about relationships. Retributive justice is about revenge, which too often merely continues a cycle of harm.

2. More generally: characterized by or of the nature of retribution, esp. punishment; that exacts retribution.

ΚΠ

1775 H. Jones & P. Hiffernan Heroine of Cave ii. ii. 15 With patience wait; a retributive hour Will amply pay the agonies you feel.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 7 All-avenging Providence, Strong and retributive.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab i. 10 The sting Which retributive memory implants.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 346 It was not intended..they should escape the retributive consequences of those crimes.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Christianity I. 232 (note) The fire of God's retributive wrath which burns eternally against unrepented sin.

1932 W. Faulkner Light in August ix. 191 On all sides the sluttishness of weak human men seethed in a long sigh of terror about the actual representative of the wrathful and retributive Throne.

1958 W. Willetts Chinese Art I. v. 339 A retributive principle was at work. For as one life spent itself in action, karma, a new life automatically took shape as a result of what it did.

1995 Sci. & Public Affairs Winter 41/2 We do not rely wholly on deterrence to justify retributive action against offenders.

Derivatives

reˈtributively adv.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [adverb]

punitively1706

retributively1809

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adverb] > in retribution

retributively1809

1809 J. Hare Treat. Conduct of God to Human Species (new ed.) 131 How many characters..who have violently transgressed the duties of husbands, fathers, and masters, have been retributively punished in a Second conjugal union?

1922 A. W. Pink Gleanings in Genesis xxxi. 263 In dealing retributively with Jacob God was not acting in wrath but in..holy love.

2008 Intelligencer Jrnl. (Lancaster, Pa.) (Nexis) 30 Apr. a11 Justice? Yes, but restoratively and not retributively.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	retributive
释义	retributiveadj. Brit. /rᵻˈtrɪbjᵿtɪv/, U.S. /rəˈtrɪbjədɪv/, /riˈtrɪbjədɪv/ Forms: 1600s retributiue, 1600s– retributive. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin retributivus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin retributivus of or relating to retribution (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources; 14th cent. in a British source in justitia retributiva ) < classical Latin retribūt- , past participial stem of retribuere retribute v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Middle French retributif (16th cent. in sense ‘large, generous’ in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1818 in French in justice rétributive ), Spanish retributivo (15th cent. in †justiçia retributiva ). Compare retributory adj. and earlier retribute v., retribution n.In 19th-cent. verse sometimes stressed on the first and third syllables (after retribution n.); compare quots. 1801 at sense 1 and 1813 at sense 2. 1. In retributive justice. Designating a form or concept of justice that punishes or rewards a person in accordance with, and in proportion to, their conduct (frequently conceived as decided and dealt by a divine force, or practised to maintain spiritual integrity). Also in later use: designating a system of justice based on punishment of the offender, rather than on rehabilitation.In later use, retributive justice is frequently contrasted with restorative justice, which encourages the victim to take part in a meeting with the offender, and with community workers to find a positive response to a crime. ΘΚΠ society > morality > rightness or justice > [noun] > maintenance of right by reward or punishment > specific communicative justicea1513 commutative justice1531 corrective justice1531 distributive justice1531 retributive justice1619 expletive justice1652 expletory justice1654 poetical justice1678 poetic justice1691 retributivism1954 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adjective] > relating to retaliation > characterized by retaliation or retribution retributive justice1619 vindictive1656 retributory1748 retributivist1954 1619 T. Taylor Circumspect Walking xix. 169 Concerning iustice retributiue, in borrowing and lending..Owe nothing to any man saue loue. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. * A Distributive or Retributive Justice, dispensing Rewards and Punishments throughout the whole World. 1761 J. Stonhouse Universal Restitution xxii. 404 We have already acknowledged a retributive justice in God, and in consequence thereof, a damnation of the wicked..correspondent with all the forms of equity. 1788 Times 3 Sept. 2/2 As a kind of retributive justice, Lord Howard..intends leaving him the fortune of his ancestors. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 304 O hard of heart! whom not the visible power Of retributive Justice..Deterred from equal crime! 1842 G. B. Cheever Punishment by Death xii. 147 There is such a thing as Justice, retributive Justice, besides and apart from the purpose of security against crime... The idea is in our souls. 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets vii. 195 When the righteous man appears, who performs an act of retributive justice, then the curse is stayed. 1916 R. W. Sellars Next Step in Democracy viii. 165 Gradually retributive justice was taken in hand by the social group in a formal manner and the right to private revenge banned. 1941 A. C. Bouquet Compar. Relig. vii. 102 The ideas of karma, or retributive justice, and of samsara, or the chain of reincarnations. 2009 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 5 July 2 Restorative justice is about relationships. Retributive justice is about revenge, which too often merely continues a cycle of harm. 2. More generally: characterized by or of the nature of retribution, esp. punishment; that exacts retribution. ΚΠ 1775 H. Jones & P. Hiffernan Heroine of Cave ii. ii. 15 With patience wait; a retributive hour Will amply pay the agonies you feel. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 7 All-avenging Providence, Strong and retributive. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab i. 10 The sting Which retributive memory implants. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 346 It was not intended..they should escape the retributive consequences of those crimes. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Christianity I. 232 (note) The fire of God's retributive wrath which burns eternally against unrepented sin. 1932 W. Faulkner Light in August ix. 191 On all sides the sluttishness of weak human men seethed in a long sigh of terror about the actual representative of the wrathful and retributive Throne. 1958 W. Willetts Chinese Art I. v. 339 A retributive principle was at work. For as one life spent itself in action, karma, a new life automatically took shape as a result of what it did. 1995 Sci. & Public Affairs Winter 41/2 We do not rely wholly on deterrence to justify retributive action against offenders. Derivatives reˈtributively adv. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > retributive punishment > [adverb] punitively1706 retributively1809 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > revenge > [adverb] > in retribution retributively1809 1809 J. Hare Treat. Conduct of God to Human Species (new ed.) 131 How many characters..who have violently transgressed the duties of husbands, fathers, and masters, have been retributively punished in a Second conjugal union? 1922 A. W. Pink Gleanings in Genesis xxxi. 263 In dealing retributively with Jacob God was not acting in wrath but in..holy love. 2008 Intelligencer Jrnl. (Lancaster, Pa.) (Nexis) 30 Apr. a11 Justice? Yes, but restoratively and not retributively. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1619
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