requiemn.¹

Brit.

/ˈrɛkwɪəm/,

/ˈrɛkwɪɛm/, U.S.

/ˈrɛkwiəm/,

/ˈreɪkwiəm/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French requiem; Latin requiem.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French requiem (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman and Old French) and its etymon post-classical Latin requiem mass for the souls of the dead (from 12th cent. in British sources), use as noun (after its occurrence as the first word of the Introit in the Mass for the Dead, Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine ‘grant them eternal rest, Lord’, etc.) of classical Latin requiem , accusative of requiēs rest from labour or exertion, rest or respite, in post-classical Latin also eternal rest (Vulgate) < re- re- prefix + quiēs rest (see quiet n.); in sense 2 after the meanings of post-classical Latin and classical Latin requiēs, but with the form determined by the prior use in sense 1.In Mass of Requiem at sense 1a after post-classical Latin missa de requiem (frequently from 1340 in British sources), missa de requie (frequently from 1391 in British sources), Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French messe de requiem (early 14th cent.). In addition to its specific use as the introit of a mass, the text Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine is also more widely used in connection with burial or memorial observances; compare the following early attestation of the incipit of this text in the context of directions for chants for the souls of deceased members of a monastic community (pro defunctis fratribus in the Latin original of the quoted passage):OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in Englische Studien (1886) 9 296 After þam primsancge singan hi twegen sealmas,..Miserere mei, Deus, þaræfter Requiem ęternam mid Kyrrieleison & Pater noster. N.E.D. (1906) also gives the British pronunciation (rī·kwiĕm) /ˈriːkwɪəm/.

a. Esp. Roman Catholic Church. A mass said or sung for the repose of the soul of a dead person. Also, esp. in early use, in Mass of Requiem. See also requiem mass n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > commemorative ceremonies > [noun] > religious or mass

memory?c1225

soul massc1300

minda1325

requiem1389

obit1394

minninga1400

requiem massa1529

memorial service1858

ob1890

black mass1900

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 16 (MED) Alle ye bretheren and sisteren of yis fraternitee shul comen..to ye Chirche..and yer haue a messe of requiem for alle cristen soules.

c1390 (?c1350) St. Bernard l. 1105 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 59 Whon seint Malachi ded was, Bernard for him song an heiȝ mas—Of Requiem i trouwe hit were.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2615 (MED) Requiem ne shulde be note be sunge Ne seyd for hym.

1423 in E. F. Jacob & H. C. Johnson Reg. Henry Chichele (1937) II. 267 (MED) I wole þat..a masse of Requiem be seid every day..for my soule.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1251 All the prystes and clarkes..sange massis of Requiem.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 271 A byschop suspendet a prest, for he cowþe syng non oþer masse but of requiem.

1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 204 Sensyng of the altare when Masse of Requiem is songen.

1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Time in Complaints 196 Scarse anie left vpon his lips to laie The sacred sod, or Requiem to saie.

1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 26 Raising up their beads and voices..with requiems and refrigeriums to his soul.

1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions ii. 30 The Apothecaries Mortar rings the Passing-Bell, as the Priests Requiem finishes the business.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 495 A use more truly pious, than any requiem, or mass for his soul.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. ix. 242 She heard, at distance, the monks chanting the requiem for his soul.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel v. xxx. 155 Behind, four priests, in sable stole, Sung requiem for the warrior's soul.

1884 Catholic Dict. 564/1 There are special rules on the relations of Office and Conventual Mass, Mass of Requiem, etc., in the rubrics of the Missal.

1908 Church Times 13 Mar. 347/2 Parishioners, friends, and relatives gathered from far and near for the Solemn Requiem.

1975 Derby Diocesan News July 4/1 At the requiem Canon Ronald Moore said Dilly had lived out to the letter the bishop's charge at the ordination of a priest.

1998 R. Hill On Beulah Height (1999) iii. vii. 269 Herbert.., appearing to a neutral eye more years the far side of a rail-pass than the near side of a requiem.

b. Frequently with capital initial. A musical setting of such a mass; a musical composition setting parts of such a mass or having a similar character. Also in the names of such works.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > canticle > specific

MagnificatOE

nunc dimittisOE

Benedictus1549

benedicitec1661

requiem1772

prophecy1853

Agnus1961

1772 R. Griffith Something New II. lxi. 252 Here follows my Requiem, written this morning extempore.

1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music IV. 563 I am in possession of a Te Deum, and a Requiem, of his composition.

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1046/1 The requiems composed by Mozart, Jomelli, and Cherubini are well known.

1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. xviii. 261 Laurie resolved to embalm his love-sorrow in music, and compose a Requiem which should harrow up Jo's soul.

1922 Musical Times 955 654/2 The works to be rehearsed are St. Paul, Brahms's Requiem, and a programme of Edward German and Coleridge-Taylor.

1967 Listener 16 Mar. 368/3 The Master himself fulminates in California against some of his more conservative juniors, in an essay not yet reprinted in England (it dismisses Britten's War Requiem as Kleenex Music).

2008 Church Times 28 Mar. 26/1 The chorus master for Sir John Tavener's Requiem in Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral was Professor Ian Tracey.

†2. Rest, repose, or peace, esp. for the soul; a period of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > rest

roOE

restOE

leathc1175

quieta1398

leathinga1400

restinga1450

reposinga1470

reposec1485

requiem1565

respire1590

reposure1602

reposal1614

reposance1647

lassation1650

recumbency1653

requiescence1654

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2625 ‘Requiem’, þe reste with outen ende, Þar-to shal he neuer wende; Ne ‘lux perpetua’..Þer-of shal he neuer haue syȝt.]

1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory ii. xvi. f. 280^v We aske Requiem & refrigerium, rest and refreshing for theyme.

1583 S. Saxey Straunge & Wonderfull Example Iudgement Almighty God sig. Biii^v Concerning these persons, you heare howe lewdly and vngratiously they missused the holy Sabaoth, & what a requiem god gaue them for their labour.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Requiem, Rest: ceasing from labour.

1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob iii, in Paraphr. Divine Poems Else had I an eternall Requiem kept, And in the armes of Peace for ever slept.

1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 50 in Scepsis Scientifica Though the first sight of their respective solutions is pleasant and encouraging, and seems to promise my mind a requiem.

1754 J. Goodhall Florazene i. iii. 10 Let not thy fantastic hopes conceive Assuming notions of eternal requiem.

1790 G. Walker Serm. Var. Subj. II. xxii. 140 In his presence alone is to be found the requiem of their troubled souls.

1816 Ld. Byron Monody Death Sheridan 67 Repose denies her requiem to his name, And Folly loves the martyrdom of Fame.

a. Chiefly poetic. Any dirge, solemn chant, prayer, etc., for the repose of the soul of a dead person. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > [noun] > formal lamentation > dirge

elegy?1521

coronach1559

dirge1568

requiem1578

threne1593

threnos1601

death song1613

monody1623

threnody1634

throb1635

trental1648

lament1698

myriologue1824

keen1830

threnode1858

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > dirge or lament

threne?a1475

elegy?1521

dumpa1556

coronach1559

dirge1568

requiem1578

threnos1601

planctusa1612

death song1613

monody1623

threnody1634

trental1648

lament1698

myriologue1824

keen1830

planh1843

threnode1858

myrology1892

sorrow song1903

lamento1944

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > lament, elegy, or dirge

threne?a1475

elegy?1521

deploration1537

coronach1559

dirge1568

requiem1578

monodia1594

threnos1601

threnody1634

monody1645

lament1698

caoine1707

whillaloo1790

keen1830

tangi1836

threnode1858

commos1879

1578 T. Blenerhasset 2nd Pt. Mirrour for Magistrates Cadwallader f. 39 I songe my Requiem, and payde the earth her fee.

1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster v. 56 I'le prouide a maske shall make your Hymen..sing sad requiems to your departing soules.

1633 A. Cowley Poet. Blossomes sig. H^v Him to Elysium's lasting Ioyes they bring, Where winged Angels his sad Requiems sing.

a1700 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. 39 That they with Joy might their own Requiem sing, And close their Eyes.

1765 J. Otis Vindic. Brit. Colonies i He bewilders himself for half a poor creeping page more, abruptly sings a requiem to his sweet soul.

1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft x. 386 Three ladies were seen, who sung a solemn requiem.

1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. xl. 492 The requiem [had been] chanted by the women in mournful strains over their bones.

1997 P. C. Doherty Haunting (1998) iv. 50 Oliver and Emma watched the cart trundle by, the coffin slung in the back bouncing and moving the rough-hewn cross nailed on its lid. Oliver muttered a requiem and crossed himself.

†b. An invitation to one's soul to take the peaceful rest one has hoped for or earned. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > rest > invitation to

requiem1607

1607 S. Hieron Remedie for Securitie in Wks. (1620) I. 432 We dwell carelesse, quiet and sure in our owne opinion. Euery man sings a requiem to his own heart.

1668 Bp. E. Hopkins Serm. Vanity (1685) 70 It was but small comfort, when the rich man sung his Requiem, Soul take thine ease, thou hast goods laid up for many years.

a1680 S. Charnock Wks. (1684) II. 828 Our deceitful heart may sing a requiem to us while we are fools.

1757 W. Dodd Disc. on Miracles IV. xi. ii. 41 Why are we so foolish as to give them possession of our hearts, and to sing a requiem to our souls in secure enjoyment of our wealth?

a1770 G. Whitefield Serm. (1771) ii. 44 After you have been driven out of one fool's paradise, you may retreat into another; you may say, now I will sing a requiem to my heart.

c. Any sound, as that of birdsong, the sea, wind, etc., when seen as plaintive or as lamenting a particular event or situation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > [noun]

groan1608

suuma1616

requiem1635

knell1647

moan1730

plaint1730

complaining1735

1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) iii. 224 Spring..Whose fether'd Musicke onely bring Caresses, and no Requiem sing On the departed yeare.

1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. sig. Eee2^v The winds shall sing my requiem.

1787 Edward & Sophia xi. 98 It was a fine pleasant evening in the month of July—the little birds sung a requiem.

1793 R. Burns Poems (ed. 2) II. 225 While all around the woodland rings, And ev'ry bird thy requiem sings.

1818 I. Lickbarrow Lament upon Death 15 There, undisturbed, the fearless redbreast builds, And sings his requiems, all the winter long.

1869 C. Gibbon Robin Gray v The sea was murmuring a doleful requiem over the mischief of the previous night.

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. viii. 69 The blackbird, or (as they call him there) the island nightingale, will be singing home strains; and the ceaseless requiem of the surf hangs on the ear.

1984 A. MacLean San Andreas (1986) iii. 74 The only requiem was the lost and lonely keening of the wind through the frozen rigging.

2006 J. Bunker Heroes in Dungarees Pref. p. x For others, there are only the restless, rolling waves, whispering a requiem across the ocean deeps.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as requiem hymnal, requiem-knell, etc.

ΚΠ

a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium Ded. p. vi, in Wks. (1721) II. I in my Requiem Hymn God's Love will sing.

1787 ‘A. Pasquin’ Children of Thespis ii. 27 See Pan with his rugged libidinous throng, Bring their reeds to awaken a requiem song.

1845 E. Churton Lays of Faith & Loyalty ix. 69 Sudden on viewless air along Came sounds as of some requiem-song.

1860 Times 15 Oct. 6/1 A grand requiem ceremonial..was celebrated yesterday in the Cathedral Church.

1882 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets 154 The slain king's corpse on bier was laid With chaunt and requiem-knell.

1963 B. Modisane Blame me on Hist. ii. 28 They sat round the room in a circle, night and day, and sang through the requiem hymnals.

1998 M. B. McNamee Vested Angels 194 They recall that other versical from the requiem service.

C2.

requiem mass n. (also with capital initials) = sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > commemorative ceremonies > [noun] > religious or mass

memory?c1225

soul massc1300

minda1325

requiem1389

obit1394

minninga1400

requiem massa1529

memorial service1858

ob1890

black mass1900

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.ii^v He shall be the preest The Requiem masse to synge.

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Suffolk xvi The Queene did moue me..To helpe to bring him to his Requiem Masse.

1631 J. Ussher Epistle 24 in C. Sibthorpe Friendly Advt. to Pretended Catholickes of Ireland Neither the Commemoration nor the Praying for the dead, nor the Requiem Masses of that age, have any necessary relation to the beleefe of Purgatory.

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. App. sig. A6 From the Vestry of the said Chappel came out three Bishops in Pontificalibus, and began the Requiem Mass at the High Altar.

1790 E. Ledwich Antiq. Ireland 271 These Hymns were the Requiem Masses sung for the dead.

1802 A. Radcliffe Gaston de Blondeville (1826) x. 24 This was the Requiem-mass of Prime.

1861 Times 21 Aug. 10/3 A solemn requiem mass was celebrated..at the Catholic Chapel.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vi. [Hades] 97 Pallbearers gold reins, requiem mass, firing a volley.

1986 Catholic Herald 13 June 2/7 The simple coffins lay before the altar as I said the Requiem Mass.

2006 I. S. Wood Crimes of Loyalty ix. 218 She was later seen to be overcome and almost helpless with grief on her way to the Requiem Mass which preceded the burial at the City Cemetery.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	requiem
释义	requiemn.¹ Brit. /ˈrɛkwɪəm/, /ˈrɛkwɪɛm/, U.S. /ˈrɛkwiəm/, /ˈreɪkwiəm/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French requiem; Latin requiem. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French requiem (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman and Old French) and its etymon post-classical Latin requiem mass for the souls of the dead (from 12th cent. in British sources), use as noun (after its occurrence as the first word of the Introit in the Mass for the Dead, Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine ‘grant them eternal rest, Lord’, etc.) of classical Latin requiem , accusative of requiēs rest from labour or exertion, rest or respite, in post-classical Latin also eternal rest (Vulgate) < re- re- prefix + quiēs rest (see quiet n.); in sense 2 after the meanings of post-classical Latin and classical Latin requiēs, but with the form determined by the prior use in sense 1.In Mass of Requiem at sense 1a after post-classical Latin missa de requiem (frequently from 1340 in British sources), missa de requie (frequently from 1391 in British sources), Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French messe de requiem (early 14th cent.). In addition to its specific use as the introit of a mass, the text Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine is also more widely used in connection with burial or memorial observances; compare the following early attestation of the incipit of this text in the context of directions for chants for the souls of deceased members of a monastic community (pro defunctis fratribus in the Latin original of the quoted passage):OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) in Englische Studien (1886) 9 296 After þam primsancge singan hi twegen sealmas,..Miserere mei, Deus, þaræfter Requiem ęternam mid Kyrrieleison & Pater noster. N.E.D. (1906) also gives the British pronunciation (rī·kwiĕm) /ˈriːkwɪəm/. 1. a. Esp. Roman Catholic Church. A mass said or sung for the repose of the soul of a dead person. Also, esp. in early use, in Mass of Requiem. See also requiem mass n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > commemorative ceremonies > [noun] > religious or mass memory?c1225 soul massc1300 minda1325 requiem1389 obit1394 minninga1400 requiem massa1529 memorial service1858 ob1890 black mass1900 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 16 (MED) Alle ye bretheren and sisteren of yis fraternitee shul comen..to ye Chirche..and yer haue a messe of requiem for alle cristen soules. c1390 (?c1350) St. Bernard l. 1105 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 59 Whon seint Malachi ded was, Bernard for him song an heiȝ mas—Of Requiem i trouwe hit were. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2615 (MED) Requiem ne shulde be note be sunge Ne seyd for hym. 1423 in E. F. Jacob & H. C. Johnson Reg. Henry Chichele (1937) II. 267 (MED) I wole þat..a masse of Requiem be seid every day..for my soule. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 1251 All the prystes and clarkes..sange massis of Requiem. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 271 A byschop suspendet a prest, for he cowþe syng non oþer masse but of requiem. 1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 204 Sensyng of the altare when Masse of Requiem is songen. 1591 E. Spenser Ruines of Time in Complaints 196 Scarse anie left vpon his lips to laie The sacred sod, or Requiem to saie. 1652 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples (new ed.) ii. 26 Raising up their beads and voices..with requiems and refrigeriums to his soul. 1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions ii. 30 The Apothecaries Mortar rings the Passing-Bell, as the Priests Requiem finishes the business. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 495 A use more truly pious, than any requiem, or mass for his soul. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. ix. 242 She heard, at distance, the monks chanting the requiem for his soul. 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel v. xxx. 155 Behind, four priests, in sable stole, Sung requiem for the warrior's soul. 1884 Catholic Dict. 564/1 There are special rules on the relations of Office and Conventual Mass, Mass of Requiem, etc., in the rubrics of the Missal. 1908 Church Times 13 Mar. 347/2 Parishioners, friends, and relatives gathered from far and near for the Solemn Requiem. 1975 Derby Diocesan News July 4/1 At the requiem Canon Ronald Moore said Dilly had lived out to the letter the bishop's charge at the ordination of a priest. 1998 R. Hill On Beulah Height (1999) iii. vii. 269 Herbert.., appearing to a neutral eye more years the far side of a rail-pass than the near side of a requiem. b. Frequently with capital initial. A musical setting of such a mass; a musical composition setting parts of such a mass or having a similar character. Also in the names of such works. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > canticle > specific MagnificatOE nunc dimittisOE Benedictus1549 benedicitec1661 requiem1772 prophecy1853 Agnus1961 1772 R. Griffith Something New II. lxi. 252 Here follows my Requiem, written this morning extempore. 1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music IV. 563 I am in possession of a Te Deum, and a Requiem, of his composition. 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 1046/1 The requiems composed by Mozart, Jomelli, and Cherubini are well known. 1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. xviii. 261 Laurie resolved to embalm his love-sorrow in music, and compose a Requiem which should harrow up Jo's soul. 1922 Musical Times 955 654/2 The works to be rehearsed are St. Paul, Brahms's Requiem, and a programme of Edward German and Coleridge-Taylor. 1967 Listener 16 Mar. 368/3 The Master himself fulminates in California against some of his more conservative juniors, in an essay not yet reprinted in England (it dismisses Britten's War Requiem as Kleenex Music). 2008 Church Times 28 Mar. 26/1 The chorus master for Sir John Tavener's Requiem in Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral was Professor Ian Tracey. †2. Rest, repose, or peace, esp. for the soul; a period of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > rest roOE restOE leathc1175 quieta1398 leathinga1400 restinga1450 reposinga1470 reposec1485 requiem1565 respire1590 reposure1602 reposal1614 reposance1647 lassation1650 recumbency1653 requiescence1654 a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2625 ‘Requiem’, þe reste with outen ende, Þar-to shal he neuer wende; Ne ‘lux perpetua’..Þer-of shal he neuer haue syȝt.] 1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory ii. xvi. f. 280^v We aske Requiem & refrigerium, rest and refreshing for theyme. 1583 S. Saxey Straunge & Wonderfull Example Iudgement Almighty God sig. Biii^v Concerning these persons, you heare howe lewdly and vngratiously they missused the holy Sabaoth, & what a requiem god gaue them for their labour. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Requiem, Rest: ceasing from labour. 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob iii, in Paraphr. Divine Poems Else had I an eternall Requiem kept, And in the armes of Peace for ever slept. 1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 50 in Scepsis Scientifica Though the first sight of their respective solutions is pleasant and encouraging, and seems to promise my mind a requiem. 1754 J. Goodhall Florazene i. iii. 10 Let not thy fantastic hopes conceive Assuming notions of eternal requiem. 1790 G. Walker Serm. Var. Subj. II. xxii. 140 In his presence alone is to be found the requiem of their troubled souls. 1816 Ld. Byron Monody Death Sheridan 67 Repose denies her requiem to his name, And Folly loves the martyrdom of Fame. 3. a. Chiefly poetic. Any dirge, solemn chant, prayer, etc., for the repose of the soul of a dead person. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > [noun] > formal lamentation > dirge elegy?1521 coronach1559 dirge1568 requiem1578 threne1593 threnos1601 death song1613 monody1623 threnody1634 throb1635 trental1648 lament1698 myriologue1824 keen1830 threnode1858 society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > dirge or lament threne?a1475 elegy?1521 dumpa1556 coronach1559 dirge1568 requiem1578 threnos1601 planctusa1612 death song1613 monody1623 threnody1634 trental1648 lament1698 myriologue1824 keen1830 planh1843 threnode1858 myrology1892 sorrow song1903 lamento1944 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > lament, elegy, or dirge threne?a1475 elegy?1521 deploration1537 coronach1559 dirge1568 requiem1578 monodia1594 threnos1601 threnody1634 monody1645 lament1698 caoine1707 whillaloo1790 keen1830 tangi1836 threnode1858 commos1879 1578 T. Blenerhasset 2nd Pt. Mirrour for Magistrates Cadwallader f. 39 I songe my Requiem, and payde the earth her fee. 1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster v. 56 I'le prouide a maske shall make your Hymen..sing sad requiems to your departing soules. 1633 A. Cowley Poet. Blossomes sig. H^v Him to Elysium's lasting Ioyes they bring, Where winged Angels his sad Requiems sing. a1700 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. 39 That they with Joy might their own Requiem sing, And close their Eyes. 1765 J. Otis Vindic. Brit. Colonies i He bewilders himself for half a poor creeping page more, abruptly sings a requiem to his sweet soul. 1830 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. & Witchcraft x. 386 Three ladies were seen, who sung a solemn requiem. 1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. xl. 492 The requiem [had been] chanted by the women in mournful strains over their bones. 1997 P. C. Doherty Haunting (1998) iv. 50 Oliver and Emma watched the cart trundle by, the coffin slung in the back bouncing and moving the rough-hewn cross nailed on its lid. Oliver muttered a requiem and crossed himself. †b. An invitation to one's soul to take the peaceful rest one has hoped for or earned. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > rest > invitation to requiem1607 1607 S. Hieron Remedie for Securitie in Wks. (1620) I. 432 We dwell carelesse, quiet and sure in our owne opinion. Euery man sings a requiem to his own heart. 1668 Bp. E. Hopkins Serm. Vanity (1685) 70 It was but small comfort, when the rich man sung his Requiem, Soul take thine ease, thou hast goods laid up for many years. a1680 S. Charnock Wks. (1684) II. 828 Our deceitful heart may sing a requiem to us while we are fools. 1757 W. Dodd Disc. on Miracles IV. xi. ii. 41 Why are we so foolish as to give them possession of our hearts, and to sing a requiem to our souls in secure enjoyment of our wealth? a1770 G. Whitefield Serm. (1771) ii. 44 After you have been driven out of one fool's paradise, you may retreat into another; you may say, now I will sing a requiem to my heart. c. Any sound, as that of birdsong, the sea, wind, etc., when seen as plaintive or as lamenting a particular event or situation. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > [noun] groan1608 suuma1616 requiem1635 knell1647 moan1730 plaint1730 complaining1735 1635 W. Habington Castara (ed. 2) iii. 224 Spring..Whose fether'd Musicke onely bring Caresses, and no Requiem sing On the departed yeare. 1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. sig. Eee2^v The winds shall sing my requiem. 1787 Edward & Sophia xi. 98 It was a fine pleasant evening in the month of July—the little birds sung a requiem. 1793 R. Burns Poems (ed. 2) II. 225 While all around the woodland rings, And ev'ry bird thy requiem sings. 1818 I. Lickbarrow Lament upon Death 15 There, undisturbed, the fearless redbreast builds, And sings his requiems, all the winter long. 1869 C. Gibbon Robin Gray v The sea was murmuring a doleful requiem over the mischief of the previous night. a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. viii. 69 The blackbird, or (as they call him there) the island nightingale, will be singing home strains; and the ceaseless requiem of the surf hangs on the ear. 1984 A. MacLean San Andreas (1986) iii. 74 The only requiem was the lost and lonely keening of the wind through the frozen rigging. 2006 J. Bunker Heroes in Dungarees Pref. p. x For others, there are only the restless, rolling waves, whispering a requiem across the ocean deeps. Compounds C1. General attributive, as requiem hymnal, requiem-knell, etc. ΚΠ a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium Ded. p. vi, in Wks. (1721) II. I in my Requiem Hymn God's Love will sing. 1787 ‘A. Pasquin’ Children of Thespis ii. 27 See Pan with his rugged libidinous throng, Bring their reeds to awaken a requiem song. 1845 E. Churton Lays of Faith & Loyalty ix. 69 Sudden on viewless air along Came sounds as of some requiem-song. 1860 Times 15 Oct. 6/1 A grand requiem ceremonial..was celebrated yesterday in the Cathedral Church. 1882 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets 154 The slain king's corpse on bier was laid With chaunt and requiem-knell. 1963 B. Modisane Blame me on Hist. ii. 28 They sat round the room in a circle, night and day, and sang through the requiem hymnals. 1998 M. B. McNamee Vested Angels 194 They recall that other versical from the requiem service. C2. requiem mass n. (also with capital initials) = sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > commemorative ceremonies > [noun] > religious or mass memory?c1225 soul massc1300 minda1325 requiem1389 obit1394 minninga1400 requiem massa1529 memorial service1858 ob1890 black mass1900 a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.ii^v He shall be the preest The Requiem masse to synge. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Suffolk xvi The Queene did moue me..To helpe to bring him to his Requiem Masse. 1631 J. Ussher Epistle 24 in C. Sibthorpe Friendly Advt. to Pretended Catholickes of Ireland Neither the Commemoration nor the Praying for the dead, nor the Requiem Masses of that age, have any necessary relation to the beleefe of Purgatory. 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. App. sig. A6 From the Vestry of the said Chappel came out three Bishops in Pontificalibus, and began the Requiem Mass at the High Altar. 1790 E. Ledwich Antiq. Ireland 271 These Hymns were the Requiem Masses sung for the dead. 1802 A. Radcliffe Gaston de Blondeville (1826) x. 24 This was the Requiem-mass of Prime. 1861 Times 21 Aug. 10/3 A solemn requiem mass was celebrated..at the Catholic Chapel. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vi. [Hades] 97 Pallbearers gold reins, requiem mass, firing a volley. 1986 Catholic Herald 13 June 2/7 The simple coffins lay before the altar as I said the Requiem Mass. 2006 I. S. Wood Crimes of Loyalty ix. 218 She was later seen to be overcome and almost helpless with grief on her way to the Requiem Mass which preceded the burial at the City Cemetery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). requiemn.² Brit. /ˈrɛkwɪəm/, /ˈrɛkwɪɛm/, U.S. /ˈrɛkwiəm/, /ˈreɪkwiəm/ Forms: 1600s– requiem, 1700s requien, 1800s requin. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French requin, requien, requiem. Etymology: < French requin (1539 in Middle French), requien (1578), requiem (1658 in the passage translated in quot. 1666¹), of uncertain origin; it has been suggested that the second element may show French regional (northern) quin , variant of chien dog (compare chien de mer dogfish n.), but this explanation poses difficulties. The form requiem probably results from folk-etymological association with requiem requiem n.¹, a person taken by the shark being taken to be as good as dead. Compare Portuguese requeime (of uncertain date and origin). A large or dangerous shark; (Zoology) (more fully requiem shark) a member of the family Carcharhinidae, which includes many of the typical large and medium-sized sharks (as the tiger, bull, blue, and reef sharks) and the hammerheads. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Isuridae > member of genus Carcharodon (man-eater) whiteOE requiem1666 man-eater1829 pointer1881 1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands i. xvii. 102 The Requiem, otherwise called the Shark-Fish, is a kind of Sea-Dog or Sea-Wolf. 1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands i. xvii. 103 The French and Portuguez commonly call it Requiem, that is to say Rest, haply, because he is wont to appear in fair weather. 1696 tr. Voy. to Canary Islands 61 in tr. A. Duquesne New Voy. E.-Indies The Requiem, the Monster of the Sea, that's shap'd like a Sea-Dog, is in length from three or four Foot to eight. 1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xv. 281 Hayes or Requiens, by some (though utterly wrong) named Sea-Dogs;..are very thick as well as very long, some of them betwixt twenty and thirty foot. 1745 tr. G. Loyer in New Gen. Coll. Voy. & Trav. II. iii. iii. 431/2 The chief are Sharks or Requiems, a dangerous Fish. 1834 Bk. Fishes 125 We shall conclude this account of the Requin, with several anecdotes illustrating the habits of these monsters of the deep. 1896 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Fishes N. & Middle Amer. (Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 47) i. 27 [Family] Galeidae. (The Requiem Sharks)... Sharks with 2 dorsal fins, the first short and high, entirely before the ventrals. 1941 Amer. Naturalist 75 551 The 10-foot tiger and requiem sharks cruised around as individuals and not in bands. 1973 ‘P. Buchanan’ Requiem of Sharks xiii. 136 Any man-eater is called a requiem. 2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. xiv. 362 The Carcharinidae [sic] (13 genera, 15 species) contain the somewhat chillingly but aptly termed ‘requiem sharks’; they range from medium-sized to extremely large. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † requiemv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: requiem n.¹ Etymology: < requiem n.¹ Obsolete. poetic intransitive. Of a storm: to quieten down, blow over.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1838 E. Cook Song of Mariners iv We know each blustering gale that blows May requiem to a last repose. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.¹1389n.²1666v.1838
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requiemn.1

Compounds

requiemn.2

† requiemv.

requiemn.¹

requiemn.²