repetitionn.¹

Brit.

/ˌrɛpᵻˈtɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English repeticioun, late Middle English–1500s repeticion, 1500s repetecion, 1500s repeticyon, 1500s repetycion, 1500s– repetition, 1600s repitition; Scottish pre-1700 repeticion, pre-1700 repeticioun, pre-1700 repetisioun, pre-1700 repetitione, pre-1700 repetitioun, pre-1700 repitition, pre-1700 repititione, pre-1700 repititioun, pre-1700 reputicion, pre-1700 reputitioun, pre-1700 1700s– repetition.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French repetition; Latin repetitiōn-, repetitiō.

Etymology: < Middle French repeticion, repetition (French répétition ) action of saying or stating again, reiteration (1295 in Old French), act of demanding or claiming back (1312), rehearsal of a play (1476), use of repeated words or phrases as a rhetorical figure (a1480) and its etymon classical Latin repetitiōn-, repetitiō act of going back or returning, act of demanding or claiming back, right to claim back, action for reclamation, action of repeating a word, (in rhetoric) anaphora, recapitulation, in post-classical Latin also academic discourse (from 14th cent. in British sources) < repetit- , past participial stem of repetere repeat v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan repetició (1653), Spanish repetitición (c1400), Portuguese repetição (1407), Italian ripetizione (a1382). Compare repeat n., repeating n.

I. Senses relating to speech.

a. The action of repeating or saying over again something which one has already said; reiteration; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > repetition > [noun]

replication?c1400

repetition?a1425

repeatingc1443

renovelling1483

regressiona1500

iteration1530

repeat1556

ingemination1576

iteratinga1593

iterancea1616

redoublinga1665

restatement1790

troll1790

repeatal1822

catching up1847

rewording1849

re-enunciation1855

iterancy1889

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 347 (MED) I schal not declare þee aȝein by repeticioun þe staat of þe soule, for þerof haue I toold þee by ordir.

c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Interp. & Virtues Mass 178 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 95 (MED) Begynnyng the Offyce, by trebyll rehersayle..the repeticion Tokeneth the fuyre brennyng in the entrayle Of olde prophetes.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. IIIiiii^v Of curiosite to say their duety agayn, or to say it with repeticions.

1557 Bible (Whittingham) Matt. vi. 7 When ye pray, vse no vaine repetitions as the heathen.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 165 Your figure that worketh by iteration or repetition of one word or clause..is counted a very braue figure.

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 31 Our loyall hearts startle to think of a repetition of the words.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. x. 107 The sacred Scriptures abound in elegant Repetitions.

1751 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 19 June (1966) II. 487 When you do not answer any part of my Letters I suppose them lost, which exposes you to some repetitions.

1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio II. 77 Not to tire you with the repetition of all the cock and bull stories which I have formerly told you, etc.

1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) Pref. p. v I am fearful that I shall appear..to have been guilty of unnecessary repetitions.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 485 Let me recapitulate—for there is no harm in repetition.

1933 V. Brittain Test. Youth ix. 439 I began to cry ‘Edward! Oh, Edward!’ in dazed repetition.

1959 S. R. Weiner in H. T. Moore D. H. Lawrence Miscellany 225 The special force of the passage—achieved through an almost hypnotic series of repetitions of words and phrase structure.

2000 M. Walsh Nursing Frontiers 7 I will refrain from repeating this ‘cri de coeur’ as I do not wish to bore you with repetition.

b. Rhetoric. The use of repeated words or phrases; the effect of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > repetition

repetition1550

traduction1550

reduplication1588

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cviii Repeticio, repeticion, when in lyke and diuerse thynges, we take our begynnyng continually at one & the selfe same word.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 107 b Repetition is when we begynne diverse sentencies one after another with one and the same worde.

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Mij It is also meit, for the better decoratioun of the verse to vse sumtyme the figure of Repetitioun.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §113 The Reports and Fuges have an Agreement with the Figures in Rhetorick, of Repetition, and Traduction.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Repetition, (a Figure in Rhetorick) is when a Person thinking his first expression not well understood,..repeats or explains them, another way.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Repetition, in Rhetoric, a figure whereby the Orator rehearses the same words or phrase over again.

1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 547/2 Repetition, in rhetoric, a figure which gracefully and emphatically repeats either the same word, or the same sense in different words.

1867 J. Hutton & L. J. Trotter tr. L. Blanc Lett. Eng. II. ccxxxvi. 196 He made..a truly formidable use of that well-known rhetorical device—repetition.

1898 J. F. Genung Outl. Rhetoric i. iii. v.161 Words employed for repetition ought to have enough difference in meaning to give a new turn to the idea.

1978 D. Kelly Medieval Imagination iv. 60 The technique is synonymic repetition or interpretatio, not incremental repetition.

2003 Classical Q. New Ser. 53 497 The first passage is evidence of the recognition by Quintilian that repetition could be a blemish, as well as a laudable figure of speech.

2. Recital, narration, mention; an instance of this. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > narration > [noun] > a narrative or account

talec1200

historyc1230

sawc1320

tellinga1325

treatisec1374

chroniclec1380

process?1387

legendc1390

prosec1390

pistlec1395

treatc1400

relationc1425

rehearsal?a1439

report?a1439

narrationc1449

recorda1450

count1477

redec1480

story1489

recount1490

deductiona1532

repetition1533

narrative1539

discourse1546

account1561

recital1561

enarrative1575

legendary1577

enarration1592

recite1594

repeat1609

texture1611

recitation1614

rendera1616

prospect1625

recitement1646

tell1743

diegesis1829

récit1915

narrative line1953

1533 T. Elyot Of Knowl. Wise Man iv. f. 53^v I thanke the hartly Plato for this repetition: wherby thou haste well reuiued my remembrance, which was wel nygh oppressed with the abundance of mater.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 165 Glo. Foule wrinckled witch what makst thou in my sight? Q. Ma. But repetition of what thou hast mard.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 145 A name Whose repetition will be dogg'd with Curses.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 20 By repetition of which accident, Charillus often afterwards defended the Dæmon.

1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 27 (note) As a plain repetition of great actions is the best praise of them, we shall only say of this eminent man, that he carried the Trade many lengths beyond what it ever before had arrived at.

1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) v. i. 144 Spare us, and spare thyself the repetition Of our most awful, but inexorable Duty.

1994 C. Segal Singers Heroes & Gods iv. 69 Later, in the repetition of his..adventures to Penelope, the theme of sleep frames his tale.

a. The action of repeating or reiterating something in order to fix or retain it in the memory; an instance of this. Also: †the rehearsal of a play (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > [noun] > by repeating

repetition1537

rehearsal1902

1537 tr. Erasmus Expos. xv. Psalme sig. D^v It moughte appere a thynge superfluous excepte that our nature dyd requyre suche inculcacyons or repeticyons.

?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 11 At xi ryng to the dennar; at grace knel; to repetition eftyr grace ring.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xl. 233 The morening houres will best serue for the memorie..the after noone for repetitions, & stuffe for memorie to worke on.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxi. 248 Once gotten, they were easily kept by oft repetition.

1756 S. Foote Englishman return'd from Paris ii. 40 It is now in Repetition at the French Comedy.

1829 J. Mill Anal. Human Mind I. iii. 58 None seems better adapted to the learner than the repetition of any passage, or words; the Lord's Prayer, for example, committed to memory.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. x. 114 Of the new details he learned he could only retain a few, and those only by continual repetition.

1914 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 253 (title) The value of distributed repetitions in rote learning.

1984 E. de Waal Seeking God x. 146 More or less four hours a day are assigned to..the memorization, repetition and reflection of biblical texts.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 Feb. a19/1 Direct instruction provides teachers with scripted lessons, heavy on drilling and repetition, that emphasize phonics.

b. The action or an instance of reciting in a formal manner, esp. recitation of something learned by heart; a piece set to be learned and recited.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun]

rehearsalc1405

rehearse1429

repetition1579

spouting1581

hersall1590

recitation1623

absolutiona1637

rendition1851

rep1858

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework

lesson?c1225

renderc1380

vulgars1520

practicec1541

theme1545

example1562

tax1564

repetition1579

exercise1612

praxis1612

recreation1633

pensum1667

vacation-exercisea1668

version1711

task1737

thesisa1774

dictation1789

challenging1825

holiday task1827

devoir1849

homework1852

vulgus1857

cram-book1858

rep1858

banco1862

prep1866

classwork1867

preparation1875

work card1878

vacation-task1904

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 70 So long as his eyes were fedd with the prospect and sight of the kingdom, he made many repeticions with a pitifull voyce of this verse of the Psalme, that they watch in vayne which keepe the citie, if it be not kept by the Lord.

1581 W. Allen Apol. Two Eng. Colleges f. 67^v We haue mo disputations, lessons, conferences, examinations, repetitions, instructions, Catechizings..and such like exercises..in our two Colleges, then are in their two Vniuersities.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xl. 79 If the Psalmes..deserue to be oftner repeated then they are, but that the multitude of them permitteth not any oftner repetition.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vi. 68 There must be..daily repetitions and examinations.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 79. ⁋1 A Repetition of the following Verses out of Milton.

1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 256 The Pagans had not only such certain forms of Prayer, but also Repetitions and Responsaries.

1752 W. Chaigneau Hist. Jack Connor I. xi. 116 Of a chearful Evening Mr. Johnston has propos'd the Repetition of a good Comedy.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 50 Seeing the boy who is next above you flogged for a repetition which you know you cannot say even half so well as he did.

1864 G. O. Trevelyan Competition Wallah v. 154 Seeing that his boys learn their repetitions and get up in time for morning school.

1908 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 21 7 The shaman no longer personally accomplishes the cure, but brings it about by the use of a charm, whose efficacy consists in its ritual repetition or performance.

2000 R. Peel et al. Questions of Eng. 72 The Circular recommends repetition from memory of both poetry and prose, and warns of the dangers of discussion.

II. Senses relating to the claiming of restitution.

4. Chiefly Scottish. The action of claiming restitution or repayment; a claim of this kind. Also (more generally): restoration, recovery, repayment. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > demand > demanding restitution

repetitionc1456

the mind > possession > giving > giving back or restitution > [noun]

restitutiona1325

restoringa1382

restorance1389

restaurancea1400

restorec1400

reddition1449

relivery1463

restorementa1500

restorative?c1500

redeliverya1513

rendering1523

return1534

redeliverance1535

rembursement1579

retribution1583

restoration1608

restoral1611

repetition1649

returnal1651

rendition1652

regift1658

retradition1875

kickback1932

c1456 Rec. Burgh Edinb. f. 2, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Repetition The said Gilbert herefor has renuncit..all and sindry the movabile gudis of aireschip..but ony reputicion or clame in tyme tocum.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. xiii. 74 This rite of chevelry, and repeticioun of gudis, began first be ane anciant pepil namit equicoli.

1590 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. IV. 543 But prejudice of his repetitioun of the soume abonewrittin payit be him to the said Sir Robert.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar x. 138 Innocent requiring of my owne, which goes no further than a faire repetition.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 313 Everie vther brughe sall haue repetitioun of the tua pairt of the proportioun of excise furneshit by them.

1688 in C. M. Armet Kirkcudbright Sheriff Court Deeds (1953) II. 427 [Obligation..to] refound and make repetitione [of the teinds].

1765 Act 5 Geo. III c. 49 §5 Their action..for repetition of any overcharge in such account of expences.

1778 in W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session 2931 Carse refusing to comply with the demand, Carrick brought an action for repetition against him.

1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 204 A creditor who had obtained a preference in a ranking to which he was not entitled, was found liable to repetition.

1906 Sc. Law Rev. 22 374 Repetition of money advanced under illegal contract.

1993 Times 35/2 If the contracts were void, repetition was not a remedy available to the pursuers.

III. Senses relating to actions.

a. The action or fact of doing something again; renewal or recurrence of an action or event; repeated use, application, or appearance. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > repeating > [noun]

reiteration?a1425

iteration1477

itering1530

repetition?1550

iteratinga1593

repeat1667

repeating1671

ringing of changes1734

dittoism1884

ofteninga1889

?1550 T. Becon Jewel of Joye sig. Nvii^v Y^e death of Christ..alone maketh cleane for euer the faythfull from their synnes w^toute any repeticion or renewing.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxi. 198 Because by repetition they..confirme the habites of all vertue, it remaineth that wee..keepe them as ordinances.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 4 Super-graffing, or the repetition of Graffing, for the inlargement, and melioration of Fruit.

1695 J. Dryden tr. R. de Piles in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica 138 The Members would be too naked, if they left not..two or three Folds..and therefore [they] have us'd those Repetitions of many Folds.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Habitudes are acquired by the frequent Repetition of Actions.

1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 142 Pleasure is labour too, and tires as much,..By repetition pall'd, by age obtuse.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. i. 38 These glances..seemed to increase her confidence at every repetition.

1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) v. 148 Genius, getting impatient of universal repetition, strikes out for itself new paths on every side.

1883 Cent. Mag. Oct. 859/2 A notion that architectural beauty is to be attained by an indefinite repetition of ugliness.

1931 E. H. Salmon Materials & Structures I. xviii. 540 It was concluded that, as a result of mere repetition of loading, a material became less capable of resistance.

1968 P. G. Hollowell Lorry Driver iv. 101 In the factory it's just repetition, the same thing day after day.

2002 J. Helfand Reinventing the Wheel 143 The patterns..were miraculously transformed into pictures through the simple repetition of revolutions on a turntable.

b. Music. The repeating of a passage; a repeated passage; = repeat n. 1a; (also) the repeating of a note or chord. Frequently in sign (mark, strike, etc.) of repetition: = repeat n. 1b; cf. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [noun] > repetition

repetition1574

repeat1832

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > melody or succession of sounds > [noun] > melodic progression > repetition of note

replication1683

repetition1728

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > doubling

alterationc1517

repetition1728

octave doubling1923

doubling1931

1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute f. 5 ^v The twoo strikes marked with prickes..doe signifie that you muste repeate the line endyng there... At the repetition shewed before, you must beginne at the seconde distaunce, noted with the marke to begin againe.

1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute f. 5 ^v The double strike, nexte the strike of repetition, doeth signifie that, that whiche is enclosed betwene them, must be left out in the plaiyng forthe of the song.

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 68 When you see this signe :||: of repetition, you must begin again, making the note next before the signe..a semibriefe in the first singing.

1667 C. Simpson Compend. Pract. Musick 24 This Mark signifies a Repetition from that place only where it is set, and is called a Repeat.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Repetition..is also a doubling, or trebling, &c. of an Interval; or a Reiteration of some Consonance or Dissonance.

1749 G. Fenwick Thoughts on Hebrew Titles of Psalms 113 He supposes it to be a Mark of Repetition, which is, indeed, more proper in a short Psalm, than it would be in a long one.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music at Bar It is to be understood that the mark of repetition extends to the strains on each side of the double bar.

1854 R. Massie Martin Luther's Spiritual Songs Pref. p. xvi Attention must..be paid to the dots of repetition.

1881 G. Grove Dict. Music III. (at cited word) The rapid reiteration of a note is called repetition.

1903 C. F. A. Williams Story of Notation x. 176 His sign for repetition is the letter S with dots.

1944 W. Apel Harvard Dict. Music 199/2 Dal segno.., abbreviated d.s., means repetition, not from the beginning.., but from another place (frequently near the beginning) marked by the sign §.

1993 Early Music 21 198 Writing out the repetition of the first strain..to avoid the confusion that might be caused by a sign of repetition.

c. The capacity of a musical instrument, esp. an organ, to repeat the same note in quick succession.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > [noun] > repeating ability

repetition1885

1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 285/1 Another common defect is in the ‘repetition’: a key will not rise to the level instantly the finger is raised.

1894 T. Elliston Organs & Tuning 148 The..repetition is such that the pipes respond to the most rapid staccato passages.

1910 Musical Times 51 3/1 (advt.) It is the best on the market for simplicity and durability, noiseless and perfect repetition.

1998 S. Bicknell in N. Thistlethwaite & G. Webber Cambr. Compan. Organ ii. 23 Intervening small motors or relays are used to improve speed and repetition.

d. Sport (chiefly Bodybuilding and Athletics). Any of various training exercises or activities which are repeated as part of a series or set. Usually in plural. Cf. rep n.⁵ 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > [noun]

training1581

work1846

training session1850

overtraining1856

roadwork1856

cross-training1903

groundwork1906

sweat1916

repetition1919

repetition running1955

weight training1955

circuit training1957

interval running1957

interval training1962

repetition training1965

brick1996

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > specific exercises > set

repetition1919

1919 D. P. Buchanan in Olympian Syst. Physical & Mental Devel. I. iii. 199 Five repetitions of any movement executed with energy and spirit would be more effective than twenty-five repetitions performed in a perfunctory manner.

1940 Chicago Tribune 12 Dec. 33/4 Progressive weight lifting is a system of body building in which a group of related exercises with moderate poundages and moderate repetitions are practiced regularly.

1955 F. Stampfl On Running ii. 48 A miler..engaged on five three-quarter-mile repetitions will have no option but to run more slowly than at racing pace.

1986 Runner Mar. 36/2 She loves repetitions on the track and runs them as fast as anyone.

1992 E. Connors et al. Gold's Gym Mass Building Training & Nutrition Syst. xiv. 225 With this system each repetition should take 15 seconds to complete, raising each count in 10 seconds and lowering it in 5.

6. The return of a taste or flavour, some time after food or drink has been swallowed, as a result of belching or indigestion. Cf. repeat v. 8d. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [noun] > aftertaste

aftertaste1592

farewell1634

after treat1674

repetition?c1710

way-gang1754

by-taste1799

whang1905

?c1710 J. Taylor Journey Edenborough (1903) 49 For my part I only drunk one Glass for curiosity, and I am sure, had the repetition of it 20 times in my stomach.

1997 Vegetarian Times May 50/1 To avoid what I call ‘Mexican restaurant syndrome’ (that rather annoying repetition of raw onion flavor you get after you've left a Mexican restaurant), I've learned a trick..called ‘deflaming’.

7. A copy or replica of an image; a reproduction of a painting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation

resemblant1484

patterna1500

counterfeiture1548

counterfeit1587

idol1590

reduplication1592

copy1596

module1608

imitationa1616

mockage1615

echo1622

conduplicationa1631

transcript1646

ectype1647

mime1650

duplicating1659

mimicry1688

replication1692

shadow1693

reproduction1701

mimication?1715

repetition1774

replicate1821

autotype1829

replica1841

re-creation1915

retake1922

mock-up1957

reprise1961

1774 J. Granger Suppl. to Biogr. Hist. Eng. 271 A copy, or repetition, of this picture [by the same painter] was called Oliver and his son Richard.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxiv. 299 We saw a couple of icebergs standing alone in the sky, and at their shadowy tops their phantom repetitions inverted.

1881 Catal. Nat. Portr. Gallery 255 A small and highly finished repetition of it was recently sold among the artists's works.

1916 Catal. of Paintings (Metropolitan Museum of Art) 299 Several repetitions of this picture exist.

1997 Burlington Mag. Mar. 194/2 The portrait of the Archduke was catalogued as an original by the National Gallery in 1925 and 1929, while the Infanta was considered to be a studio repetition.

Compounds

C1.

repetition rate n.

ΚΠ

1897 W. F. Stone Questions Philos. Art 32 What might be the frequency of repetition-rate for eye and ear respectively?

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 714/1 Repetition rate, the number of times repetition is demanded in a telephone conversation, this being related to the line or transmitter noise, [etc.].

2006 Science 19 May 1025/1 The free-electron laser (FEL) at Vanderbilt University provides a maximum of 100 mJ per macropulse at a repetition rate of 30 Hz.

C2.

repetition choice n. Psychology the choice made by a participant in an experiment to repeat one of two given tasks. The experiment, usually carried out on children, consists of one task which the participant has been allowed to complete successfully, and another in which the participant has been interrupted before completion. The participant's choice of which task to repeat is then interpreted as evidence of a behavioural tendency towards either failure avoidance or task mastery.

ΚΠ

1933 P. Rosenweig in Pedagogical Seminary & Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 42 430 Difference in pride therefore seems to distinguish individuals in respect to their repetition choice even when age is a constant factor.

1934 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Jan. 254 This difference in repetition choice correlated with a difference in teachers' ratings on the trait of pride.

1976 Child Devel. 47 682/1 The repetition choice situation usually involves administering tasks of approximately equal difficulty.

repetition clock n. a repeating clock. [Probably after French montre à répétition (1736). Compare earlier repeating clock (see repeating adj. 2a) and repeater n. 4a.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > other types of clock

watch-clock1592

German clock1598

quarter clocka1631

wheel-clock1671

table clocka1684

month clock1712

astronomical clock1719

musical clock1721

repeater1725

Tompion1727

pulling clock1733

regulator1735

eight-day clock1741

regulator clock1750

French clock1757

repetition clock1765

day clock1766

striker1778

chiming clock1789

cuckoo-clock1789

night clock1823

telltale1827

carriage clock1828

fly-clock1830

steeple clock1830

telltale clock1832

skeleton clock1842

telegraph clock1842

star clock1850

weight-clock1850

prison clock1853

crystal clock1854

pillar scroll top clock1860

sheep's-head clock1872

presentation clock1875

pillar clock1880

stop-clock1881

Waterbury1882

calendar-clock1884

ting-tang clock1884

birdcage clock1886

sheep's head1887

perpetual calendar1892

bracket clock1894

Act of Parliament clock1899

cartel clock1899

banjo-clock1903

master clock1904

lantern clock1913

time clock1919

evolutionary clock1922

lancet clock1922

atomic clock1927

quartz clock1934

clock radio1946

real-time clock1953

organ clock1956

molecular clock1974

travelling clock2014

1765 Ann. Reg. 1764 i. 79 The pieces contained in the striking part of the ordinary repetition clocks.

2002 E. Martí-López Borrowed Words i. 35 The image of a repetition clock..summarizes the magnitude of the Spanish market's dependence on French literary production.

repetition compound n. [compare earlier repetitive n.] Grammar a compound consisting of a repeated word.

ΚΠ

1899 A. S. Mud-Bhaktal Mod. Canarese Gramm. Explained 139 When a word is twice or thrice repeated in a compound, the latter is called a Repetition Compound.

1957 R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. (new ed.) ix. i. 286 Repetition Compounds.., a type of compound which consists in the repetition of the word constituting its first element: goody-goody, pretty-pretty.

repetition compulsion n. [after German Wiederholungszwang (1921 in the passage translated in quot. 1922)] Psychoanalysis (in Freudian theory) a compulsion characterized by the tendency to place oneself in circumstances or conditions which repeat or recreate a traumatic event from one's past, driven by the desire to gain mastery over the original traumatic event being recreated; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > [noun] > repeated without pleasure

repetition compulsion1922

1922 C. J. M. Hubback tr. S. Freud Beyond Pleasure Princ. iv. 38 They obey rather the repetition-compulsion [Ger. Wiederholungszwang], which in analysis, it is true, is supported by the (not unconscious) wish to conjure up again what has been forgotten and repressed.

1940 L. Trilling in Kenyon Rev. 2 170 Freud..first makes the assumption that there is indeed in the psychic life a repetition-compulsion which goes beyond the Pleasure-principle.

1953 A. Koestler in Encounter 1 ii. 28/2 British foreign policy..and French internal politics..seem to be dictated by this kind of repetition-compulsion.

1988 J. Masson Against Therapy (1990) viii. 255 The ‘repetition compulsion’, the need, according to Freud, many people have to repeat old wounds and traumas in order to master them.

2005 M. L. Wender Lament. as Hist. vi. 166 We have seen that Yoko suffers from ‘repetition compulsion’, reproducing certain behaviors with her much older lover, a replacement father.

repetition device n. an artistic or literary device characterized by or producing repetition.

ΚΠ

1850 London Jrnl. Arts, Sci., & Manuf. 36 182 A vase,..bordered above and below with a repetition device.

1941 L. MacNeice Poetry of Yeats 164 The twentieth century suspected most poetic repetition-devices.

1993 MELUS Summer 62 Adopting repetition devices.., Salvatore La Targia consciously performs his life-story.

repetition phenomenon n. a phenomenon characterized by repetition or recurrence.

ΚΠ

1891 Nature 19 Mar. 458/2 A complete theory of heredity must account for the repetition phenomena (including reversions).

1954 A. H. Maslow Motivation & Personality xi. 188 (heading) Repetition phenomena; persistent, unsuccessful coping; detoxification.

2000 R. Nelson-Jones in S. Palmer Introd. to Counselling & Psychotherapy x. 131 A big drawback of such models is that they inadequately address the repetition phenomenon, the repetitive nature of many clients' problems.

repetition running n. Athletics a form of interval training used to develop speed and endurance, in which an athlete runs a series of predetermined distances at high speed, interspersed with periods of rest; cf. interval running n. at interval n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > [noun]

training1581

work1846

training session1850

overtraining1856

roadwork1856

cross-training1903

groundwork1906

sweat1916

repetition1919

repetition running1955

weight training1955

circuit training1957

interval running1957

interval training1962

repetition training1965

brick1996

1955 F. Stampfl On Running ii. 48 When repetition-running reaches racing speed, the individual runs should never extend to more than a half of the actual racing-distance.

1985 H. Wilson in H. Payne Athletes in Action 41 I would suggest that repetition running becomes more useful than interval running as the competition season approaches.

2006 S. P. Brown et al. Exercise Physiol. xiv. 351/2 Mode: interval training program consisting of spring interval running (running above 85% of maximum speed for distances <250 meters)..and repetition running (running faster than 85% speed for distances of 600 meters).

repetition sermon n. now historical a sermon preached from memory on Low Sunday, forming a synthesis of the four preceding sermons preached on the Easter feast days. Recorded earliest in figurative use.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > preaching > [noun] > instance of > recited by heart

bosom-sermon1594

repetition sermon1624

1624 J. Donne Deuotions xvi. 402 I could not heare the Sermon, and these latter bells are a repetition Sermon to mee.

1688 D. Granville in Misc. (Surtees No. 37) 43 It is a custom in the University of Oxford once in the year in the University Church to have a Repetition-sermon..: that repetition task..is the most difficult employment of the whole year.

1780 E. Middleton Biogr. Evangelica II. 123 While the bell was ringing, he committed to his memory a repetition sermon, and pronounced it without hesitation.

1986 R. Greaves in L. S. Sutherland & L. G. Mitchell Hist. Univ. Oxf. V. 417 On Low Sunday a preacher was nominated to preach a ‘repetition sermon’ in which he collated from memory the sermons preached over the Easter feast-days.

repetition training n. (a) Military training for military personnel which reinforces or repeats the content of previous training; (b) Sport training in which an athlete completes a series of predetermined distances at high speed, interspersed with periods of recovery.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > type of drill or training

sham fight1598

field exercise1616

martinet1677

field evolutions1789

foot drill1795

goose-step1806

war-game1828

rope drill1833

field training1836

repetition training1859

skeleton drill1876

drill-down1889

Beast Barracks1896

basic training1898

monkey motion1909

assault course1915

TEWT1942

workup1971

Taceval1977

society > leisure > sport > training > [noun]

training1581

work1846

training session1850

overtraining1856

roadwork1856

cross-training1903

groundwork1906

sweat1916

repetition1919

repetition running1955

weight training1955

circuit training1957

interval running1957

interval training1962

repetition training1965

brick1996

1859 Westm. Rev. Oct. 319 There were 46,188 in the ‘Landwehr’ (local militia), consisting of men requiring only a few weeks' repetition training to render them perfectly fit to take the field.

1916 Jrnl. U.S. Artillery 45 371 It is necessary for one assigned to the artillery service to take a ‘repetition’ training of 45 days every third year until he becomes 45 years old.

1965 Pacific Stars & Stripes 28 July (Five Stars ed.) 23/3 This type of training is referred to as interval swimming or repetition training, depending upon the amount of rest permitted between the repeat swims.

2007 S. Petterson et al. in R. Donatelli Sports-specific Rehabilit. iv. 80 Repetition training involves performance at high intensities for brief bursts of time... A typical work-to-rest ratio is 1:5.

repetition work n. work characterized by or featuring repetition.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > other types of work

church worka1225

kirk work1418

fieldwork1441

labour of love1592

life's work1660

shop work1696

outwork1707

private practice1724

tide-work1739

sales-work1775

marshing1815

work in progress1815

life-work1837

relief work1844

sharp practice1847

near work1850

slop-work1861

repetition work1866

side work1875

rework1878

wage-slavery1886

work in progress1890

war work1891

busywork1893

screen work1912

staff-work1923

gig work1927

knowledge work1959

WIP1966

telework1970

playwork1986

laboratory work2002

1866 Public Sch. Cal. 67 The Repetition-work of the School is largely conducted by a process of re-translation.

1897 Daily News 18 Nov. 6/2 Another Manchester firm..discharged a fitter employed on simple repetition work.

1934 Amer. Econ. Rev. 24 323 Repetition work remains the same from the beginning to the end of the working day.

2001 Amer. Hist. Rev. 106 1189 Coloured employees were restricted to repetition work and general labouring.

C3. attributive. Music. Designating a mark, or each of a pair of marks, indicating that a passage is to be repeated, as repetition dot, repetition mark, repetition sign, etc.; = repeat n. Compounds 2. Cf. sense 5b.

ΚΠ

1853 E. B. Oliver Pract. Text-bk. Music x. 42 What is the special repetition sign? It is written thus, S.

1880 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 17 Jan. 13/3 The Andante..was made a little cloying by unnecessary observance of the conventional repetition marks.

1906 J. M. McLaughlin Rudim. Music 13 Dots at the end of a passage or before a bar or double bar indicate that the music which precedes is to be repeated. They are called repetition dots or the repeat.

1953 Music & Lett. 34 149 In the manuscript there are repetition marks at the second double bar.

2000 B. Berman Notes from Pianist's Bench x. 185 Sometimes it is useful to imagine that the section in question, instead of having the repetition sign, has been reprinted in the score.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	repetition
释义	repetitionn.¹ Brit. /ˌrɛpᵻˈtɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English repeticioun, late Middle English–1500s repeticion, 1500s repetecion, 1500s repeticyon, 1500s repetycion, 1500s– repetition, 1600s repitition; Scottish pre-1700 repeticion, pre-1700 repeticioun, pre-1700 repetisioun, pre-1700 repetitione, pre-1700 repetitioun, pre-1700 repitition, pre-1700 repititione, pre-1700 repititioun, pre-1700 reputicion, pre-1700 reputitioun, pre-1700 1700s– repetition. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French repetition; Latin repetitiōn-, repetitiō. Etymology: < Middle French repeticion, repetition (French répétition ) action of saying or stating again, reiteration (1295 in Old French), act of demanding or claiming back (1312), rehearsal of a play (1476), use of repeated words or phrases as a rhetorical figure (a1480) and its etymon classical Latin repetitiōn-, repetitiō act of going back or returning, act of demanding or claiming back, right to claim back, action for reclamation, action of repeating a word, (in rhetoric) anaphora, recapitulation, in post-classical Latin also academic discourse (from 14th cent. in British sources) < repetit- , past participial stem of repetere repeat v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan repetició (1653), Spanish repetitición (c1400), Portuguese repetição (1407), Italian ripetizione (a1382). Compare repeat n., repeating n. I. Senses relating to speech. 1. a. The action of repeating or saying over again something which one has already said; reiteration; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > repetition > [noun] replication?c1400 repetition?a1425 repeatingc1443 renovelling1483 regressiona1500 iteration1530 repeat1556 ingemination1576 iteratinga1593 iterancea1616 redoublinga1665 restatement1790 troll1790 repeatal1822 catching up1847 rewording1849 re-enunciation1855 iterancy1889 ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 347 (MED) I schal not declare þee aȝein by repeticioun þe staat of þe soule, for þerof haue I toold þee by ordir. c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Interp. & Virtues Mass 178 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 95 (MED) Begynnyng the Offyce, by trebyll rehersayle..the repeticion Tokeneth the fuyre brennyng in the entrayle Of olde prophetes. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. IIIiiii^v Of curiosite to say their duety agayn, or to say it with repeticions. 1557 Bible (Whittingham) Matt. vi. 7 When ye pray, vse no vaine repetitions as the heathen. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 165 Your figure that worketh by iteration or repetition of one word or clause..is counted a very braue figure. 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. ii. 31 Our loyall hearts startle to think of a repetition of the words. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. x. 107 The sacred Scriptures abound in elegant Repetitions. 1751 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 19 June (1966) II. 487 When you do not answer any part of my Letters I suppose them lost, which exposes you to some repetitions. 1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio II. 77 Not to tire you with the repetition of all the cock and bull stories which I have formerly told you, etc. 1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) Pref. p. v I am fearful that I shall appear..to have been guilty of unnecessary repetitions. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 485 Let me recapitulate—for there is no harm in repetition. 1933 V. Brittain Test. Youth ix. 439 I began to cry ‘Edward! Oh, Edward!’ in dazed repetition. 1959 S. R. Weiner in H. T. Moore D. H. Lawrence Miscellany 225 The special force of the passage—achieved through an almost hypnotic series of repetitions of words and phrase structure. 2000 M. Walsh Nursing Frontiers 7 I will refrain from repeating this ‘cri de coeur’ as I do not wish to bore you with repetition. b. Rhetoric. The use of repeated words or phrases; the effect of this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > repetition repetition1550 traduction1550 reduplication1588 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Cviii Repeticio, repeticion, when in lyke and diuerse thynges, we take our begynnyng continually at one & the selfe same word. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 107 b Repetition is when we begynne diverse sentencies one after another with one and the same worde. 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Mij It is also meit, for the better decoratioun of the verse to vse sumtyme the figure of Repetitioun. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §113 The Reports and Fuges have an Agreement with the Figures in Rhetorick, of Repetition, and Traduction. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Repetition, (a Figure in Rhetorick) is when a Person thinking his first expression not well understood,..repeats or explains them, another way. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Repetition, in Rhetoric, a figure whereby the Orator rehearses the same words or phrase over again. 1771 Encycl. Brit. III. 547/2 Repetition, in rhetoric, a figure which gracefully and emphatically repeats either the same word, or the same sense in different words. 1867 J. Hutton & L. J. Trotter tr. L. Blanc Lett. Eng. II. ccxxxvi. 196 He made..a truly formidable use of that well-known rhetorical device—repetition. 1898 J. F. Genung Outl. Rhetoric i. iii. v.161 Words employed for repetition ought to have enough difference in meaning to give a new turn to the idea. 1978 D. Kelly Medieval Imagination iv. 60 The technique is synonymic repetition or interpretatio, not incremental repetition. 2003 Classical Q. New Ser. 53 497 The first passage is evidence of the recognition by Quintilian that repetition could be a blemish, as well as a laudable figure of speech. 2. Recital, narration, mention; an instance of this. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > narration > [noun] > a narrative or account talec1200 historyc1230 sawc1320 tellinga1325 treatisec1374 chroniclec1380 process?1387 legendc1390 prosec1390 pistlec1395 treatc1400 relationc1425 rehearsal?a1439 report?a1439 narrationc1449 recorda1450 count1477 redec1480 story1489 recount1490 deductiona1532 repetition1533 narrative1539 discourse1546 account1561 recital1561 enarrative1575 legendary1577 enarration1592 recite1594 repeat1609 texture1611 recitation1614 rendera1616 prospect1625 recitement1646 tell1743 diegesis1829 récit1915 narrative line1953 1533 T. Elyot Of Knowl. Wise Man iv. f. 53^v I thanke the hartly Plato for this repetition: wherby thou haste well reuiued my remembrance, which was wel nygh oppressed with the abundance of mater. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 165 Glo. Foule wrinckled witch what makst thou in my sight? Q. Ma. But repetition of what thou hast mard. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 145 A name Whose repetition will be dogg'd with Curses. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 20 By repetition of which accident, Charillus often afterwards defended the Dæmon. 1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 27 (note) As a plain repetition of great actions is the best praise of them, we shall only say of this eminent man, that he carried the Trade many lengths beyond what it ever before had arrived at. 1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) v. i. 144 Spare us, and spare thyself the repetition Of our most awful, but inexorable Duty. 1994 C. Segal Singers Heroes & Gods iv. 69 Later, in the repetition of his..adventures to Penelope, the theme of sleep frames his tale. 3. a. The action of repeating or reiterating something in order to fix or retain it in the memory; an instance of this. Also: †the rehearsal of a play (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > [noun] > by repeating repetition1537 rehearsal1902 1537 tr. Erasmus Expos. xv. Psalme sig. D^v It moughte appere a thynge superfluous excepte that our nature dyd requyre suche inculcacyons or repeticyons. ?1566–7 G. Buchanan Opinion Reformation Univ. St. Andros in Vernacular Writings (1892) 11 At xi ryng to the dennar; at grace knel; to repetition eftyr grace ring. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xl. 233 The morening houres will best serue for the memorie..the after noone for repetitions, & stuffe for memorie to worke on. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxi. 248 Once gotten, they were easily kept by oft repetition. 1756 S. Foote Englishman return'd from Paris ii. 40 It is now in Repetition at the French Comedy. 1829 J. Mill Anal. Human Mind I. iii. 58 None seems better adapted to the learner than the repetition of any passage, or words; the Lord's Prayer, for example, committed to memory. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. x. 114 Of the new details he learned he could only retain a few, and those only by continual repetition. 1914 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 253 (title) The value of distributed repetitions in rote learning. 1984 E. de Waal Seeking God x. 146 More or less four hours a day are assigned to..the memorization, repetition and reflection of biblical texts. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 Feb. a19/1 Direct instruction provides teachers with scripted lessons, heavy on drilling and repetition, that emphasize phonics. b. The action or an instance of reciting in a formal manner, esp. recitation of something learned by heart; a piece set to be learned and recited. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun] rehearsalc1405 rehearse1429 repetition1579 spouting1581 hersall1590 recitation1623 absolutiona1637 rendition1851 rep1858 society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework lesson?c1225 renderc1380 vulgars1520 practicec1541 theme1545 example1562 tax1564 repetition1579 exercise1612 praxis1612 recreation1633 pensum1667 vacation-exercisea1668 version1711 task1737 thesisa1774 dictation1789 challenging1825 holiday task1827 devoir1849 homework1852 vulgus1857 cram-book1858 rep1858 banco1862 prep1866 classwork1867 preparation1875 work card1878 vacation-task1904 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 70 So long as his eyes were fedd with the prospect and sight of the kingdom, he made many repeticions with a pitifull voyce of this verse of the Psalme, that they watch in vayne which keepe the citie, if it be not kept by the Lord. 1581 W. Allen Apol. Two Eng. Colleges f. 67^v We haue mo disputations, lessons, conferences, examinations, repetitions, instructions, Catechizings..and such like exercises..in our two Colleges, then are in their two Vniuersities. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xl. 79 If the Psalmes..deserue to be oftner repeated then they are, but that the multitude of them permitteth not any oftner repetition. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. vi. 68 There must be..daily repetitions and examinations. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 79. ⁋1 A Repetition of the following Verses out of Milton. 1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 256 The Pagans had not only such certain forms of Prayer, but also Repetitions and Responsaries. 1752 W. Chaigneau Hist. Jack Connor I. xi. 116 Of a chearful Evening Mr. Johnston has propos'd the Repetition of a good Comedy. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 50 Seeing the boy who is next above you flogged for a repetition which you know you cannot say even half so well as he did. 1864 G. O. Trevelyan Competition Wallah v. 154 Seeing that his boys learn their repetitions and get up in time for morning school. 1908 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 21 7 The shaman no longer personally accomplishes the cure, but brings it about by the use of a charm, whose efficacy consists in its ritual repetition or performance. 2000 R. Peel et al. Questions of Eng. 72 The Circular recommends repetition from memory of both poetry and prose, and warns of the dangers of discussion. II. Senses relating to the claiming of restitution. 4. Chiefly Scottish. The action of claiming restitution or repayment; a claim of this kind. Also (more generally): restoration, recovery, repayment. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > demand > demanding restitution repetitionc1456 the mind > possession > giving > giving back or restitution > [noun] restitutiona1325 restoringa1382 restorance1389 restaurancea1400 restorec1400 reddition1449 relivery1463 restorementa1500 restorative?c1500 redeliverya1513 rendering1523 return1534 redeliverance1535 rembursement1579 retribution1583 restoration1608 restoral1611 repetition1649 returnal1651 rendition1652 regift1658 retradition1875 kickback1932 c1456 Rec. Burgh Edinb. f. 2, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Repetition The said Gilbert herefor has renuncit..all and sindry the movabile gudis of aireschip..but ony reputicion or clame in tyme tocum. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. xiii. 74 This rite of chevelry, and repeticioun of gudis, began first be ane anciant pepil namit equicoli. 1590 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. IV. 543 But prejudice of his repetitioun of the soume abonewrittin payit be him to the said Sir Robert. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar x. 138 Innocent requiring of my owne, which goes no further than a faire repetition. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 313 Everie vther brughe sall haue repetitioun of the tua pairt of the proportioun of excise furneshit by them. 1688 in C. M. Armet Kirkcudbright Sheriff Court Deeds (1953) II. 427 [Obligation..to] refound and make repetitione [of the teinds]. 1765 Act 5 Geo. III c. 49 §5 Their action..for repetition of any overcharge in such account of expences. 1778 in W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session 2931 Carse refusing to comply with the demand, Carrick brought an action for repetition against him. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 204 A creditor who had obtained a preference in a ranking to which he was not entitled, was found liable to repetition. 1906 Sc. Law Rev. 22 374 Repetition of money advanced under illegal contract. 1993 Times 35/2 If the contracts were void, repetition was not a remedy available to the pursuers. III. Senses relating to actions. 5. a. The action or fact of doing something again; renewal or recurrence of an action or event; repeated use, application, or appearance. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > repeating > [noun] reiteration?a1425 iteration1477 itering1530 repetition?1550 iteratinga1593 repeat1667 repeating1671 ringing of changes1734 dittoism1884 ofteninga1889 ?1550 T. Becon Jewel of Joye sig. Nvii^v Y^e death of Christ..alone maketh cleane for euer the faythfull from their synnes w^toute any repeticion or renewing. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxi. 198 Because by repetition they..confirme the habites of all vertue, it remaineth that wee..keepe them as ordinances. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 4 Super-graffing, or the repetition of Graffing, for the inlargement, and melioration of Fruit. 1695 J. Dryden tr. R. de Piles in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica 138 The Members would be too naked, if they left not..two or three Folds..and therefore [they] have us'd those Repetitions of many Folds. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Habitudes are acquired by the frequent Repetition of Actions. 1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 142 Pleasure is labour too, and tires as much,..By repetition pall'd, by age obtuse. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. i. 38 These glances..seemed to increase her confidence at every repetition. 1877 M. Oliphant Makers of Florence (ed. 2) v. 148 Genius, getting impatient of universal repetition, strikes out for itself new paths on every side. 1883 Cent. Mag. Oct. 859/2 A notion that architectural beauty is to be attained by an indefinite repetition of ugliness. 1931 E. H. Salmon Materials & Structures I. xviii. 540 It was concluded that, as a result of mere repetition of loading, a material became less capable of resistance. 1968 P. G. Hollowell Lorry Driver iv. 101 In the factory it's just repetition, the same thing day after day. 2002 J. Helfand Reinventing the Wheel 143 The patterns..were miraculously transformed into pictures through the simple repetition of revolutions on a turntable. b. Music. The repeating of a passage; a repeated passage; = repeat n. 1a; (also) the repeating of a note or chord. Frequently in sign (mark, strike, etc.) of repetition: = repeat n. 1b; cf. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [noun] > repetition repetition1574 repeat1832 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > melody or succession of sounds > [noun] > melodic progression > repetition of note replication1683 repetition1728 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > [noun] > movement of parts > doubling alterationc1517 repetition1728 octave doubling1923 doubling1931 1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute f. 5 ^v The twoo strikes marked with prickes..doe signifie that you muste repeate the line endyng there... At the repetition shewed before, you must beginne at the seconde distaunce, noted with the marke to begin againe. 1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute f. 5 ^v The double strike, nexte the strike of repetition, doeth signifie that, that whiche is enclosed betwene them, must be left out in the plaiyng forthe of the song. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 68 When you see this signe :\|\|: of repetition, you must begin again, making the note next before the signe..a semibriefe in the first singing. 1667 C. Simpson Compend. Pract. Musick 24 This Mark signifies a Repetition from that place only where it is set, and is called a Repeat. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Repetition..is also a doubling, or trebling, &c. of an Interval; or a Reiteration of some Consonance or Dissonance. 1749 G. Fenwick Thoughts on Hebrew Titles of Psalms 113 He supposes it to be a Mark of Repetition, which is, indeed, more proper in a short Psalm, than it would be in a long one. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music at Bar It is to be understood that the mark of repetition extends to the strains on each side of the double bar. 1854 R. Massie Martin Luther's Spiritual Songs Pref. p. xvi Attention must..be paid to the dots of repetition. 1881 G. Grove Dict. Music III. (at cited word) The rapid reiteration of a note is called repetition. 1903 C. F. A. Williams Story of Notation x. 176 His sign for repetition is the letter S with dots. 1944 W. Apel Harvard Dict. Music 199/2 Dal segno.., abbreviated d.s., means repetition, not from the beginning.., but from another place (frequently near the beginning) marked by the sign §. 1993 Early Music 21 198 Writing out the repetition of the first strain..to avoid the confusion that might be caused by a sign of repetition. c. The capacity of a musical instrument, esp. an organ, to repeat the same note in quick succession. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > [noun] > repeating ability repetition1885 1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 285/1 Another common defect is in the ‘repetition’: a key will not rise to the level instantly the finger is raised. 1894 T. Elliston Organs & Tuning 148 The..repetition is such that the pipes respond to the most rapid staccato passages. 1910 Musical Times 51 3/1 (advt.) It is the best on the market for simplicity and durability, noiseless and perfect repetition. 1998 S. Bicknell in N. Thistlethwaite & G. Webber Cambr. Compan. Organ ii. 23 Intervening small motors or relays are used to improve speed and repetition. d. Sport (chiefly Bodybuilding and Athletics). Any of various training exercises or activities which are repeated as part of a series or set. Usually in plural. Cf. rep n.⁵ 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > [noun] training1581 work1846 training session1850 overtraining1856 roadwork1856 cross-training1903 groundwork1906 sweat1916 repetition1919 repetition running1955 weight training1955 circuit training1957 interval running1957 interval training1962 repetition training1965 brick1996 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > specific exercises > set repetition1919 1919 D. P. Buchanan in Olympian Syst. Physical & Mental Devel. I. iii. 199 Five repetitions of any movement executed with energy and spirit would be more effective than twenty-five repetitions performed in a perfunctory manner. 1940 Chicago Tribune 12 Dec. 33/4 Progressive weight lifting is a system of body building in which a group of related exercises with moderate poundages and moderate repetitions are practiced regularly. 1955 F. Stampfl On Running ii. 48 A miler..engaged on five three-quarter-mile repetitions will have no option but to run more slowly than at racing pace. 1986 Runner Mar. 36/2 She loves repetitions on the track and runs them as fast as anyone. 1992 E. Connors et al. Gold's Gym Mass Building Training & Nutrition Syst. xiv. 225 With this system each repetition should take 15 seconds to complete, raising each count in 10 seconds and lowering it in 5. 6. The return of a taste or flavour, some time after food or drink has been swallowed, as a result of belching or indigestion. Cf. repeat v. 8d. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [noun] > aftertaste aftertaste1592 farewell1634 after treat1674 repetition?c1710 way-gang1754 by-taste1799 whang1905 ?c1710 J. Taylor Journey Edenborough (1903) 49 For my part I only drunk one Glass for curiosity, and I am sure, had the repetition of it 20 times in my stomach. 1997 Vegetarian Times May 50/1 To avoid what I call ‘Mexican restaurant syndrome’ (that rather annoying repetition of raw onion flavor you get after you've left a Mexican restaurant), I've learned a trick..called ‘deflaming’. 7. A copy or replica of an image; a reproduction of a painting. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation resemblant1484 patterna1500 counterfeiture1548 counterfeit1587 idol1590 reduplication1592 copy1596 module1608 imitationa1616 mockage1615 echo1622 conduplicationa1631 transcript1646 ectype1647 mime1650 duplicating1659 mimicry1688 replication1692 shadow1693 reproduction1701 mimication?1715 repetition1774 replicate1821 autotype1829 replica1841 re-creation1915 retake1922 mock-up1957 reprise1961 1774 J. Granger Suppl. to Biogr. Hist. Eng. 271 A copy, or repetition, of this picture [by the same painter] was called Oliver and his son Richard. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxiv. 299 We saw a couple of icebergs standing alone in the sky, and at their shadowy tops their phantom repetitions inverted. 1881 Catal. Nat. Portr. Gallery 255 A small and highly finished repetition of it was recently sold among the artists's works. 1916 Catal. of Paintings (Metropolitan Museum of Art) 299 Several repetitions of this picture exist. 1997 Burlington Mag. Mar. 194/2 The portrait of the Archduke was catalogued as an original by the National Gallery in 1925 and 1929, while the Infanta was considered to be a studio repetition. Compounds C1. repetition rate n. ΚΠ 1897 W. F. Stone Questions Philos. Art 32 What might be the frequency of repetition-rate for eye and ear respectively? 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 714/1 Repetition rate, the number of times repetition is demanded in a telephone conversation, this being related to the line or transmitter noise, [etc.]. 2006 Science 19 May 1025/1 The free-electron laser (FEL) at Vanderbilt University provides a maximum of 100 mJ per macropulse at a repetition rate of 30 Hz. C2. repetition choice n. Psychology the choice made by a participant in an experiment to repeat one of two given tasks. The experiment, usually carried out on children, consists of one task which the participant has been allowed to complete successfully, and another in which the participant has been interrupted before completion. The participant's choice of which task to repeat is then interpreted as evidence of a behavioural tendency towards either failure avoidance or task mastery. ΚΠ 1933 P. Rosenweig in Pedagogical Seminary & Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 42 430 Difference in pride therefore seems to distinguish individuals in respect to their repetition choice even when age is a constant factor. 1934 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Jan. 254 This difference in repetition choice correlated with a difference in teachers' ratings on the trait of pride. 1976 Child Devel. 47 682/1 The repetition choice situation usually involves administering tasks of approximately equal difficulty. repetition clock n. a repeating clock. [Probably after French montre à répétition (1736). Compare earlier repeating clock (see repeating adj. 2a) and repeater n. 4a.] ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > other types of clock watch-clock1592 German clock1598 quarter clocka1631 wheel-clock1671 table clocka1684 month clock1712 astronomical clock1719 musical clock1721 repeater1725 Tompion1727 pulling clock1733 regulator1735 eight-day clock1741 regulator clock1750 French clock1757 repetition clock1765 day clock1766 striker1778 chiming clock1789 cuckoo-clock1789 night clock1823 telltale1827 carriage clock1828 fly-clock1830 steeple clock1830 telltale clock1832 skeleton clock1842 telegraph clock1842 star clock1850 weight-clock1850 prison clock1853 crystal clock1854 pillar scroll top clock1860 sheep's-head clock1872 presentation clock1875 pillar clock1880 stop-clock1881 Waterbury1882 calendar-clock1884 ting-tang clock1884 birdcage clock1886 sheep's head1887 perpetual calendar1892 bracket clock1894 Act of Parliament clock1899 cartel clock1899 banjo-clock1903 master clock1904 lantern clock1913 time clock1919 evolutionary clock1922 lancet clock1922 atomic clock1927 quartz clock1934 clock radio1946 real-time clock1953 organ clock1956 molecular clock1974 travelling clock2014 1765 Ann. Reg. 1764 i. 79 The pieces contained in the striking part of the ordinary repetition clocks. 2002 E. Martí-López Borrowed Words i. 35 The image of a repetition clock..summarizes the magnitude of the Spanish market's dependence on French literary production. repetition compound n. [compare earlier repetitive n.] Grammar a compound consisting of a repeated word. ΚΠ 1899 A. S. Mud-Bhaktal Mod. Canarese Gramm. Explained 139 When a word is twice or thrice repeated in a compound, the latter is called a Repetition Compound. 1957 R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. (new ed.) ix. i. 286 Repetition Compounds.., a type of compound which consists in the repetition of the word constituting its first element: goody-goody, pretty-pretty. repetition compulsion n. [after German Wiederholungszwang (1921 in the passage translated in quot. 1922)] Psychoanalysis (in Freudian theory) a compulsion characterized by the tendency to place oneself in circumstances or conditions which repeat or recreate a traumatic event from one's past, driven by the desire to gain mastery over the original traumatic event being recreated; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > [noun] > repeated without pleasure repetition compulsion1922 1922 C. J. M. Hubback tr. S. Freud Beyond Pleasure Princ. iv. 38 They obey rather the repetition-compulsion [Ger. Wiederholungszwang], which in analysis, it is true, is supported by the (not unconscious) wish to conjure up again what has been forgotten and repressed. 1940 L. Trilling in Kenyon Rev. 2 170 Freud..first makes the assumption that there is indeed in the psychic life a repetition-compulsion which goes beyond the Pleasure-principle. 1953 A. Koestler in Encounter 1 ii. 28/2 British foreign policy..and French internal politics..seem to be dictated by this kind of repetition-compulsion. 1988 J. Masson Against Therapy (1990) viii. 255 The ‘repetition compulsion’, the need, according to Freud, many people have to repeat old wounds and traumas in order to master them. 2005 M. L. Wender Lament. as Hist. vi. 166 We have seen that Yoko suffers from ‘repetition compulsion’, reproducing certain behaviors with her much older lover, a replacement father. repetition device n. an artistic or literary device characterized by or producing repetition. ΚΠ 1850 London Jrnl. Arts, Sci., & Manuf. 36 182 A vase,..bordered above and below with a repetition device. 1941 L. MacNeice Poetry of Yeats 164 The twentieth century suspected most poetic repetition-devices. 1993 MELUS Summer 62 Adopting repetition devices.., Salvatore La Targia consciously performs his life-story. repetition phenomenon n. a phenomenon characterized by repetition or recurrence. ΚΠ 1891 Nature 19 Mar. 458/2 A complete theory of heredity must account for the repetition phenomena (including reversions). 1954 A. H. Maslow Motivation & Personality xi. 188 (heading) Repetition phenomena; persistent, unsuccessful coping; detoxification. 2000 R. Nelson-Jones in S. Palmer Introd. to Counselling & Psychotherapy x. 131 A big drawback of such models is that they inadequately address the repetition phenomenon, the repetitive nature of many clients' problems. repetition running n. Athletics a form of interval training used to develop speed and endurance, in which an athlete runs a series of predetermined distances at high speed, interspersed with periods of rest; cf. interval running n. at interval n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > [noun] training1581 work1846 training session1850 overtraining1856 roadwork1856 cross-training1903 groundwork1906 sweat1916 repetition1919 repetition running1955 weight training1955 circuit training1957 interval running1957 interval training1962 repetition training1965 brick1996 1955 F. Stampfl On Running ii. 48 When repetition-running reaches racing speed, the individual runs should never extend to more than a half of the actual racing-distance. 1985 H. Wilson in H. Payne Athletes in Action 41 I would suggest that repetition running becomes more useful than interval running as the competition season approaches. 2006 S. P. Brown et al. Exercise Physiol. xiv. 351/2 Mode: interval training program consisting of spring interval running (running above 85% of maximum speed for distances <250 meters)..and repetition running (running faster than 85% speed for distances of 600 meters). repetition sermon n. now historical a sermon preached from memory on Low Sunday, forming a synthesis of the four preceding sermons preached on the Easter feast days. Recorded earliest in figurative use. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > preaching > [noun] > instance of > recited by heart bosom-sermon1594 repetition sermon1624 1624 J. Donne Deuotions xvi. 402 I could not heare the Sermon, and these latter bells are a repetition Sermon to mee. 1688 D. Granville in Misc. (Surtees No. 37) 43 It is a custom in the University of Oxford once in the year in the University Church to have a Repetition-sermon..: that repetition task..is the most difficult employment of the whole year. 1780 E. Middleton Biogr. Evangelica II. 123 While the bell was ringing, he committed to his memory a repetition sermon, and pronounced it without hesitation. 1986 R. Greaves in L. S. Sutherland & L. G. Mitchell Hist. Univ. Oxf. V. 417 On Low Sunday a preacher was nominated to preach a ‘repetition sermon’ in which he collated from memory the sermons preached over the Easter feast-days. repetition training n. (a) Military training for military personnel which reinforces or repeats the content of previous training; (b) Sport training in which an athlete completes a series of predetermined distances at high speed, interspersed with periods of recovery. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > type of drill or training sham fight1598 field exercise1616 martinet1677 field evolutions1789 foot drill1795 goose-step1806 war-game1828 rope drill1833 field training1836 repetition training1859 skeleton drill1876 drill-down1889 Beast Barracks1896 basic training1898 monkey motion1909 assault course1915 TEWT1942 workup1971 Taceval1977 society > leisure > sport > training > [noun] training1581 work1846 training session1850 overtraining1856 roadwork1856 cross-training1903 groundwork1906 sweat1916 repetition1919 repetition running1955 weight training1955 circuit training1957 interval running1957 interval training1962 repetition training1965 brick1996 1859 Westm. Rev. Oct. 319 There were 46,188 in the ‘Landwehr’ (local militia), consisting of men requiring only a few weeks' repetition training to render them perfectly fit to take the field. 1916 Jrnl. U.S. Artillery 45 371 It is necessary for one assigned to the artillery service to take a ‘repetition’ training of 45 days every third year until he becomes 45 years old. 1965 Pacific Stars & Stripes 28 July (Five Stars ed.) 23/3 This type of training is referred to as interval swimming or repetition training, depending upon the amount of rest permitted between the repeat swims. 2007 S. Petterson et al. in R. Donatelli Sports-specific Rehabilit. iv. 80 Repetition training involves performance at high intensities for brief bursts of time... A typical work-to-rest ratio is 1:5. repetition work n. work characterized by or featuring repetition. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > other types of work church worka1225 kirk work1418 fieldwork1441 labour of love1592 life's work1660 shop work1696 outwork1707 private practice1724 tide-work1739 sales-work1775 marshing1815 work in progress1815 life-work1837 relief work1844 sharp practice1847 near work1850 slop-work1861 repetition work1866 side work1875 rework1878 wage-slavery1886 work in progress1890 war work1891 busywork1893 screen work1912 staff-work1923 gig work1927 knowledge work1959 WIP1966 telework1970 playwork1986 laboratory work2002 1866 Public Sch. Cal. 67 The Repetition-work of the School is largely conducted by a process of re-translation. 1897 Daily News 18 Nov. 6/2 Another Manchester firm..discharged a fitter employed on simple repetition work. 1934 Amer. Econ. Rev. 24 323 Repetition work remains the same from the beginning to the end of the working day. 2001 Amer. Hist. Rev. 106 1189 Coloured employees were restricted to repetition work and general labouring. C3. attributive. Music. Designating a mark, or each of a pair of marks, indicating that a passage is to be repeated, as repetition dot, repetition mark, repetition sign, etc.; = repeat n. Compounds 2. Cf. sense 5b. ΚΠ 1853 E. B. Oliver Pract. Text-bk. Music x. 42 What is the special repetition sign? It is written thus, S. 1880 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 17 Jan. 13/3 The Andante..was made a little cloying by unnecessary observance of the conventional repetition marks. 1906 J. M. McLaughlin Rudim. Music 13 Dots at the end of a passage or before a bar or double bar indicate that the music which precedes is to be repeated. They are called repetition dots or the repeat. 1953 Music & Lett. 34 149 In the manuscript there are repetition marks at the second double bar. 2000 B. Berman Notes from Pianist's Bench x. 185 Sometimes it is useful to imagine that the section in question, instead of having the repetition sign, has been reprinted in the score. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). repetitionn.² Brit. /ˌriːpᵻˈtɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌripəˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, petition n. Etymology: < re- prefix + petition n. rare. Second or subsequent petition or request; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > new or renewed after-calling1579 aftercall1624 repetition1655 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 74 His last borrowing Commissions, was a course so displeasing to the subject, as would not admit of re-petition, and it would prove an odde payment of that Loans arrears to demand another. 1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 120 Repetitions, when they are supported with new Reasons..are justifiable in all Cases. 1975 G. Steiner After Babel v. 302 The ideal [of translation], never accomplished, is one of total counterpart or re-petition—an asking again—which is not, however, a tautology. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : re-petitionv. < n.¹?a1425n.²1655 see also
随便看	θ138876 θ138877 θ138878 θ138879 θ13888 θ138880 θ138881 θ138882 θ138883 θ138884 θ138885 θ138886 θ138887 θ138888 θ133164 θ133165 θ133166 θ133167 θ133168 θ133169 θ13317 θ133170 θ133171 θ133172 θ133173

repetitionn.1

Compounds

repetitionn.2

> see also

repetitionn.¹

repetitionn.²