residualn.
/rᵻˈzɪdjᵿl/, /rᵻˈzɪdjʊəl/, /rᵻˈzɪdʒ(ᵿ)l/, /rᵻˈzɪdʒʊəl/, U.S. /rəˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəl/, /riˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəl/, /rəˈzɪdʒ(ə)l/, /riˈzɪdʒ(ə)l/ 1. † a. Mathematics. A quantity resulting from the subtraction of one quantity from another. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > division > result of > remainder
remanentc1450
residuec1450
remainer1543
residual1557
remain?a1560
remainder?a1560
rest1608
residue1808
1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Pp4 The nombers..that be compounde with − be named Residualles.
1673 J. Kersey Elem. Algebra I. ii. ix. 239 When the Root of a Residual is to be added unto, or subtracted from the Root of its correspondent Binomial.
1764 J. Landen Residual Anal. Pref. 3 Such quantities, and algebraic expressions, as by Mathematicians are denominated residuals.
1797 Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 6 Science 229 It is expedient to remove the surds out of the denominator by multiplication; this is usually done by the multiplication of the denominator taken as a binomial or residual.
1863 O. Gregory Math. Pract. Men (rev. ed.) 61 If it were required to subtract a residual, as b − c, from a single term.
b. Science. The difference between an observed or measured value of a quantity and an expected, calculated, theoretical, or mean value; spec. the distance from a point to a regression line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > relationship between quantities > difference or discrepancy
odds1525
apotome1571
difference1745
absolute error1775
residual1854
error of closure1981
1854 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1848–53 5 76 These several sources of error are nearly all eliminated by the manner of forming the residuals of these tables.
1868 J. C. Watson Theoret. Astron. vii. 370 In the case of a limited number of observed values of x, the residuals given by comparing the arithmetical mean with the several observations will not..give the true errors.
1906 T. W. Wright & J. F. Hayford Adjustment of Observations (ed. 2) ii. 12 The sum of the positive residuals is equal to the sum of the negative residuals.
1923 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics III. 647/2 The residuals are the differences between observed and calculated monthly sea levels at three tidal observatories.
2004 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Dec. 73/1 By juggling different values for the orbital parameters of a hypothetical planet, he attempted to decrease the residuals—the discrepancy between the predicted and observed positions of Uranus.
c. Geology. The part of a gravity anomaly or magnetic anomaly that remains after subtraction of the regional (regional n. 2). Cf. residual map n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > gravity > [noun] > local departure from normal > specific
residual1895
regional1940
low1954
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > earth magnetism > [noun] > local variation > parts of
residual1895
regional1940
1895 Science 24 May 572/2 The residuals with Bougner's [sic] reduction are probably a measure of the lack of density below sea level.
1949 Geophysics 14 45 Since the density of salt is less than that of the surrounding sediments, its residual is negative.
1995 Physics of Earth & Planetary Interiors 91 1 The residuals showed gravity changes of a few microgals, a part of which might be caused by sources such as variations of the ground water level.
2. An amount still remaining after the main part is subtracted or accounted for; a remainder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun]
bilevena1325
reliefa1382
residuea1382
remanant?a1400
remanence?a1425
remanent?a1425
remainc1430
remainant1430
rest?1440
remainingc1480
remainer1519
remanet?a1527
remainder1560
resident1581
residuum1636
restancy1667
residual1839
1839 Ann. Electr., Magnetism, & Chem. 4 233 Dr. Faraday, however, has squared his figures pretty well..without noticing these losses and residuals of charge.
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ix. §445 These feeble forces in the water received one of the quantities of small value—residuals of compensation—with which the astronomer has to deal.
1878 S. Newcomb Pop. Astron. iii. iv. 338 The moon..is always held in that position by a minute residual of the earth's attraction.
1967 Economist 28 Oct. p. xxxiii/2 According to the recorded items on the balance of payments Sweden should by now be dead broke. The one thing that has kept it afloat is an unexplained positive ‘residual’ in the balance of payments.
1973 ‘E. McBain’ Let's hear It iii. 42 His first impression was one of total harmony... Her face and figure came as residuals to his brief course in art appreciation.
2000 S. DellaPergola in D. J. Elazar & M. Weinfeld Still Moving ii. 22 Asia and Africa, where only tiny residuals of the preexisting Jewish populations have remained.
3. A substance or product left over after a physical or biological process, a course of treatment, etc.; a by-product, a residuum. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > manufactured article or product > by-product
residual1850
by-product1857
arisings1923
1850 A. T. Ritchie Dynamical Theory Formation Earth I. i. 4 Neither do we pretend to have discovered..those radiant gems—residuals of ancient organisms.
1885 G. H. Taylor Pelvic & Hernic Therapeut. 29 The blood, with its residuals and products of waste.
1886 York Herald 6 Aug. 3/4 Gas-lime was another residual, and when used properly was a most valuable fertiliser.
1899 Daily News 24 June 4/1 The casual docker is often a residual—the driftwood of society.
1929 G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky i. i. 4 Occasionally..one is of sufficient size to survive in part and comes to earth, a scorched residual of stone or metal to which is given the name of meteorite.
1989 Hydrocarbon Processing Nov. 41/2 A ‘Flexicoker’ unit..would process the heavy crude oil residual into lighter components.
2007 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 10 June iv. 5/2 The small quantities collected of each kind probably mean that plastic will be part of the ‘residual’ that leaves the recycling center for a landfill.
4. Geomorphology. A portion of rocky or high ground remaining after erosion of the surrounding land. Cf. remnant n. 2f.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > [noun] > left after erosion
remnant1853
residual1895
1895 Science 26 July 98/1 The even summits of Catoctin and the other residuals above the Tertiary plain indicate two stages of pre-Tertiary denudation.
1924 Geogr. Rev. 14 568 These mountains may be considered to be residuals surviving from the former watershed of the great Bohemian peneplain.
1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 587/1 Normal fluvial erosion begins to be established, and eventually, only residuals of limestone..are left standing.
2005 C. R. Twidale & J. R. V. Romaní Landforms & Geol. Granite Terrains vi. 126 The Olgas, Ayers Rock and Mt. Connor..are aligned E-W and the alignment cuts across the fold structures evidenced in the three residuals.
5. A royalty paid to an actor, musician, etc., for a repeat of a performance, television commercial, etc. Chiefly in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > money paid to actors or entertainers > for repeats on radio or television
repeat fee1929
residual1954
1954 Winona (Minnesota) Daily News 1 Sept. 5/1 There was the inviting prospect of ‘residuals’—the money that would continue coming in from reruns of TV films.
1958 Law & Contemp. Probl. 23 102 Millions of dollars annually are being paid to actors, writers and directors..as so-called ‘residuals’.
1971 Daily Tel. 25 Mar. 21/4 He [sc. Frank Sinatra] will continue to receive money from..record royalties, residuals of his television programmes and a share in the profits of his films.
1977 Rolling Stone 13 Jan. 19/1 I love doing jingles because I get residuals.
2008 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 28 May c1 Actors earn as much as half their income from residuals.
6. The resale value of a car; spec. this value at a specified time after purchase or lease, expressed either in absolute terms or as a percentage of the value at purchase.
ΚΠ
1958 Commerc. Motor 16 May 532/2 Deducting the cost of a set of tyres from the initial cost price leaves a balance of £3,640, and if a residual of £2,000 is obtained, the amount of £1,640 remains.
1975 Los Angeles Times 25 July vi. 3/7 (advt.) New '75 100LS with residual of $3488.10.
1983 N.Y. Times 6 Feb. iii. 16/3 How much of the residual, or market value, of the stolen car is the leasee responsible for and how is the figure calculated?
1991 Managem. Today Sept. 6/1 The strong residuals you'd expect from a car that's made to last.
1999 BBC Top Gear Mag. June 205/2 The old rag-top BM is still a market force with decent residuals.
2003 BusinessWeek 24 Nov. 80/1 The SRX's residual of 51% is within hailing distance of the Lexus RX 330's 58%.
Compounds
residual hypothesis n. Logic a (more or less certainly known) hypothesis that remains when other possible hypotheses have been disproved or discounted.
ΚΠ
1936 Jrnl. Philos. 33 241 There are a plurality of hypotheses left when all those revealing contradiction..have been eliminated. Now in so far as these residual hypotheses are significantly different..it follows that one but not more than one may be true.
1966 Econ. Jrnl. 76 766 He has to include in his list of hypotheses.., a residual hypothesis. It is a black box, containing he knows not what.
1996 I. Levi For Sake of Argument vi. 169 Typically, the residual hypothesis will carry less informational value than the specific alternatives. This means that it may be rejected at a higher probability level.
residual map n. Geology a map or chart showing gravitational or magnetic residuals (sense 1c).
ΚΠ
1947 Geophysics 12 398 Application of this correction resulted in the residual map shown in Figure 6.
1965 W. C. Krumbein & F. A. Graybill Introd. Statistical Models in Geol. xiii. 325 Many residual maps contain geological information of value in exploration for natural resources.
2000 A. E. Mussett & M. A. Khan Looking into Earth xxvii. 425/1 The principal feature is a central negative anomaly, but there are others more or less regularly spaced; these are due to the regularly spaced houses and appear in the residual maps.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
residualadj.
/rᵻˈzɪdjᵿl/, /rᵻˈzɪdjʊəl/, /rᵻˈzɪdʒ(ᵿ)l/, /rᵻˈzɪdʒʊəl/, U.S. /rəˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəl/, /riˈzɪdʒ(ə)wəl/, /rəˈzɪdʒ(ə)l/, /riˈzɪdʒ(ə)l/ 1. † a. Mathematics. Resulting from or expressing the subtraction of one quantity from another. Cf. residual n. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > of subtraction > resulting from
residual1570
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. x. f. 283v If from a rationall line be taken away a rationall line commensurable in power onely to the whole line: the residue is an irrationall line, and is called a residuall line [L. reliqua linea erit irrationalis diceturque residuum].
1673 J. Kersey Elem. Algebra I. ii. i. 138 The Powers from the Residual Root a − e differ only in the signs + and − from like Powers formed from the Binomial Root a + e.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Residual Root, in Mathematicks, is one composed of two Parts or Members only connected together with the Sign −.
1734 J. Ward Introd. Math. (ed. 6) 172 From thence will arise Surds either Binomial, or Residual.
1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 163 A Residual Quantity, is a binomial having one of the terms negative. As a − 2b.
b. Mathematics. Designating a form of calculus involving finite differences rather than infinitesimal differentials; of or relating to this calculus. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > calculus > [adjective]
differential1702
incremental1716
differentio-differential1728
fluxionary1734
fluxional1749
residual1758
Abelian1846
calcular1855
integro-differential1914
1758 J. Landen Disc. Residual Anal. 5 Which method I call the Residual Analysis; because, in all the enquiries wherein it is made use of, the conclusions are obtained by means of residual quantities.
1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 401/1 Residual analysis, a calculus proposed by the inventor, Mr. Landen, as a substitute for the method of fluxions.
1919 F. Cajori Hist. Math. (ed. 2) 257 John Landen's residual calculus..was unknown to him.
1939 C. B. Boyer Concepts of Calculus vi. 237 The fluxion, or residual quotient, of xm/n he found by writing [etc.]
c. Science. Designating the difference between an observed or measured value of a quantity and an expected, calculated, theoretical, or mean value. Cf. residual n. 1b.
ΚΠ
1869 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (new ed.) I. iii. iv. 180 A residual quantity in the moon's longitude being detected by observation.
1899 Terrestr. Magnetism & Atmospheric Electr. 4 44 Along the lines marked zero, the residual vertical component is zero.., the actually observed value corresponds precisely with the value computed.
1906 T. W. Wright & J. F. Hayford Adjustment Observ. Method Least Squares (ed. 2) iii. 36 The same result will follow by making the sum of the squares of the residual errors a minimum.
1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) ii. i. 44/1 The residual value can be expressed as a percentage relative to the ‘expected value’.
2000 J. McFall tr. K. Wille Physics of Particle Accelerators x. 283 One..measures the remaining error using the individual position monitors. The steering coil with the smallest residual error is chosen.
2. gen. Remaining; still left; left over; (also) of or relating to a residue.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [adjective]
remanent1443
remainant1445
remainingc1475
remnant1550
remainder1567
leftc1595
residual1609
residuous1626
reliqued1628
restant1663
good1684
reversionary1816
relict1898
1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 73 Whose Manes, that is, whose residuall memorie, will both Manare and Manere by diffusion and duration.
a1727 G. Hooper Wks. (1757) ii. vi. 247 The other Residual Part was kept for the Provision of the Love-Feast, to be held in the Evening.
1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 12 576 It becomes the few residual friends of toleration and humanity to rally with closer union.
1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius Metamorphosis 172 The remaining space of the year is completed by the residual months.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps 124 The sky was now for the most part overcast, but through the residual blue spaces the sun at intervals poured light.
1881 B. F. Westcott & F. J. A. Hort New Test. in Orig. Greek II. Introd. iii. 132 The residual Pre-Syrian text which is neither Western nor Alexandrian.
1907–10 W. James Memories & Studies 410 Some residual resistance to verbalization, formulation, and discursification.
1945 Certified Accountants Jrnl. Apr. 48/1 [The] allowance or charge being calculated by deducting the amount received..from the then residual value.
1969 F. Halliday in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 296 The dominant ‘mainstream’ faction..was labelled as ‘Trotskyite’, a residual term meaning that the group was Marxist but opposed to the official Japan Communist Party line.
2005 Wine Internat. Jan. 70/4 This is easy and soft with a hint of residual sweetness and spritz.
3. Science. Formed or resulting as a by-product or residue; left over after a physical or biological process, a course of treatment, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to chemical processes (general) > left as a residuum after a
residential1651
residuary1735
residual1758
1758 Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 351 These..serve to bring back the residual blood from the tumors.
1799 H. Davy in T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. 187 More hydrogen and residual carbon.
1807 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 252 The united quantities give the sum of the residual gas.
1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §387 The pressure of the residual air which remained in the vacuum chamber.
1896 Pop. Sci. Jrnl. 50 242 The heat referred to is mainly..the residual heat of a cooling globe.
1923 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 46 724 The apparatus was pumped out and the residual gas removed as completely as possible.
1964 V. E. Yarsley et al. Cellulosic Plastics xv. 181 The celluloid..was produced by squeezing out the dough between rolls and subsequently removing the residual volatile solvent.
1991 N. de Lange tr. A. Oz To know Woman (1992) vii. 29 Some of the parked cars still gave off some residual heat from the engine and a faint smell of oxidised petrol.
4. Physics.
a. Of electric charge: retained after the removal of the causative agent or process; spec. designating the small charge which some capacitors remain capable of delivering after a discharge.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [adjective] > remaining
residual1821
1821 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 111 430 An inch of wire of platinum..kept cool by water, left a great residual charge of electricity in a combination of twelve batteries.
1838 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 128 24 It is the assumption for a time of this charged state of the glass between the coatings in the Leyden jar, which gives origin to a well-known phenomenon,..namely, the residual charge.
1938 H. G. Mitchell Textbk. Electr. iv. 64 The residual discharge of the condenser can easily be explained if we assume that the charge penetrates the glass and cannot all reach the conducting plates when these are connected.
2006 Z. L. Wang in J. L. G. Fierro Metal Oxides iv. 95 The ionization formula is proposed with an assumption that there is no residual charge trapped in the vacancy sites.
b. Of magnetism: retained after the removal of the inducing field or in the absence of a magnetizing current. Cf. remanent adj. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [adjective] > residual or retained
residual1832
remanent1866
1832 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 22 406 It continued to adhere from the action of the residual magnetism.
1874 Tyer's Block Telegraph & Electric Locking Signals (ed. 5) 14 There is also..an electro-magnet fitted with ‘homs’ or ‘keepers’..so arranged as to..retain for an indefinite period the residual magnetism produced on the passage of each signal.
1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) v. 114 When the magnetizing force is reduced from its maximum value..to zero, the flux density only drops by a small amount to the ‘residual density’.
1962 M. McCaig in D. Hadfield Permanent Magnets & Magnetism ii. 26 There is a complete interchange of meanings of the terms ‘remanence’ and ‘residual magnetism’ on the two sides of the Atlantic.
2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 470/4 Sediments that are baked into rock by lava contain the same residual magnetism from Earth's magnetic field as lava does.
5. Science. Present in addition to phenomena separately accounted for.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [adjective] > subjected to discussion > not
undiscussedc1340
undebateda1631
residual1830
unventilated1872
1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. ii. vi. §158 Leaving, as it were, a residual phenomenon to be explained.
1876 Proc. Royal Soc. 25 161 The effect of the temperature on the apparent volume of water..could easily be calculated; and from the residual effect, the pressure..could be deduced.
1905 Physical Rev. 21 66 These residual effects were largely due to lack of uniformity in the temperature of the various parts.
1954 T. Vickerstaff Physical Chem. Dyeing (ed. 2) vi. 180 This link was attributed by early workers to rather vaguely defined residual valency forces or to van der Waals forces.
2006 L. Smolin Trouble with Physics x. 152 There is a small residual energy associated with any particle and any degree of freedom, even at zero temperature.
6. Physical Geography. Designating a deposit or feature formed in situ by the weathering of rock; (also) designating a soil largely composed of such material.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [adjective] > by origin in place
residual1876
allochthonous1888
authigenic1888
authigenous1889
autochthonous1891
parautochthonous1927
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > eroded
degraded1869
residual1876
resurrected1916
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [adjective] > other types of soil
redeOE
Armeniac?a1425
rosiny1613
Chiltern1669
light land1770
acid1806
residuary1829
mottled1845
sedentary1870
residual1876
azonal1896
Bulli1904
immature1921
mature1924
intrazonal1927
podzolic1927
pedalferic1928
pedocalic1928
solonetzic1935
planosolic1949
solodic1968
cryptogamic1973
cryptobiotic1992
1876 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 111 202 Limonitic Quartzose Ores and Rocks... Appear to be of the nature of residual deposits, from the partial dissolving out of the silica.
1895 Geogr. Jrnl. 5 140 Most of the peneplains that I have examined..still possess residual elevations,..evidently to be regarded as unconsumed remnants of the denudation of the former cycle.
1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils i. 11 When soils have been formed without removal from the site of the original rock, by simple weathering, they are designated as sedentary, or residual soils.
1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. iv. 74 Soils were commonly divided into two major groups, residual and transported.
1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics xi. 274 Bauxite, a residual deposit enriched in aluminium hydroxide,..provides the vast majority of the world's aluminium.
7. Mechanics. Designating stresses present in an object in the absence of any external load or force.
ΚΠ
1883 A. J. Du Bois Strains Framed Structures ii. ii. 282 Let δ be the difference between the working stress a and the residual stress σ.
1931 A. Nádai Plasticity xxxviii. 259 Stresses of this kind, remaining after partial plastic flow, may be called residual stresses.
1976 Lindberg & Braton Welding & Other Joining Processes xii. 454 A weldment heated to a temperature at which the yield strength is low..will relieve the residual stresses and increase fatigue life.
2006 D. A. Stephenson & J. S. Agapiou Metal Cutting (ed. 2) 603 High-carbon steels tend to air harden, so that surface integrity problems such as residual stress and white layer formation are a particular concern.
Compounds
residual body n. Cell Biology a quantity or body of matter that becomes superfluous to a cell at a particular point in its development or metabolism; esp. (a) redundant cytoplasm and organelles rejected during the latter stages of spermatid development; (b) a vacuole containing indigestible matter resulting from the lysosomal breakdown of cell contents.
ΚΠ
1887 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 7 66 The spermatozoa arise directly from the naked ‘endoderm’ spermatides, the head forms the nucleus, and a ‘residual body’ remains.
1936 Jrnl. Parasitol. 22 514 Residual bodies were present in the sporocysts, although not in the oocysts.
1967 O. D. Chrisman & R. Campo in C. A. L. Bassett Cartilage Degradation & Repair 82 The digestive vacuoles are present for the purpose of phagocytosing unneeded structures in the cell... The end product of such a cycle is a residual body.
2008 Fertility & Sterility 90 2342/2 The tissue remodeling includes the release of preleptotene spermatocytes from basement membranes, spermiation, and the detachment of residual bodies from the mature spermatids.
residual current n. an electric current which flows briefly in a circuit after the potential difference is reduced to zero (now attributed to the momentum of the charge carriers).
ΚΠ
1837 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 127 148 The residual current, after the sudden cessation of the greater action, were in the same direction as the original battery current.
1917 H. G. Byers Inorg. Chem. xxviii. 503 The back electromotive force almost completely stops the current. The minute current, called the residual current, which continues to pass is that needed to maintain the polarization.
2003 J. Arrillaga & N. R. Watson Power Syst. Harmonics (ed. 2) iv. 174 The residual current in a power line sets up a magnetic field, which causes flux lines to intersect with any neighbouring telephone line and induces an e.m.f.
residual current device n. a mechanical device for quickly breaking a circuit if the current in the live wire exceeds that in the neutral by a particular amount, typically used as a safety device for mains-powered equipment (since such a difference in current can be caused by a person touching part of the circuit); abbreviated RCD.
ΚΠ
1984 Which? Dec. 545/3 Plugging in the ovens or switching them off sometimes caused the residual current device..on our laboratory's electrical circuit to trip.
1997 D. Potter Risk & Safety in Play xi. 181 A higher standard of electrical protection can be achieved through the use of Residual Current Devices (RCDs).
2008 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 9 May 17 Deaths..can be avoided by using a residual current device (RCD), something which safely trips a circuit when an earth fault is detected.
residual herbicide n. a herbicide that remains in the soil so that weeds can be controlled over a period of time.
ΚΠ
1951 L. L. Pyenson Elem. Plant Protection xxii. 392 The pre-emergence contact and residual herbicides.
1972 Weed Sci. 20 295/2 The plot areas were reseeded to ‘Neal’ oats as a bioassay crop to detect any residual herbicide in the soil.
1990 R. Staines Market Gardening viii. 112 Residual Herbicides..are so called because the residues stay in the soil, and they can work in a variety of ways. They may prevent germination of weed seedlings.
residual legatee n. = residuary legatee n. at residuary adj. and n. Compounds; also figurative.
ΚΠ
1810 Nathan Bailey's Dict. Eng.-German & German-Eng. 709/2 Residual legatee.
1854 Ipswich Jrnl. 1 July 1/4 Which sum was to lapse to the residual legatee if the house were not commenced within seven years.
1963 Listener 21 Feb. 334/1 The Liberals cash in..by claiming to be the residual legatees of the radical tradition.
2001 R. Grassby Kinship & Capitalism ii. 106 Businessmen did not always make the widow their residual legatee, and sometimes they preferred kin, servants, or friends.
residual oil n. low-grade oil which remains after the distillation of petroleum.
ΚΠ
1865 U.S. Patent 47,235 1/2 When these two products shall have been separated, the hot residual oil may then be transferred from the still A to another still.
1949 Our Industry (Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.) (ed. 2) xiii. 291 Diesel oils are frequently dark coloured due to their content of residual oil.
2005 J. G. Speight Environmental Anal. & Technol. for Refining Industry iii. 72 Residual oil has been used successfully to power marine diesel engines.
residual powers n. those powers that remain after others left or been removed; spec. = residuary powers n. at residuary adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > [noun] > political power within a state > powers remaining after others reallocated
residuary powers1825
residual powers1846
1846 New Eng. Med. Eclectic 1 95 Then, of course, the residual powers of life must succumb to the stern necessity of surrendering themselves victims of discretion to rival enemies.
1919 G. B. Shaw in Irish Statesman 25 Oct. 428/1 When the enfranchisement of the Dominions began with Canada, the question on which freedom depends: namely, which party is to have residual powers, was hardly raised. Those were early days for democracy; and the residual powers were left technically to England.
2006 Daily Tel. 12 May 17/7 Orders in council were not immune to judicial scrutiny because, although they derived from the residual powers vested in the monarch, they were in reality the creation of ministers.
residual sugar n. sugar which remains after a fermentation process, esp. a kind used in the making of a foodstuff or a wine.
ΚΠ
1858 Amer. Jrnl. Pharmacy 30 330 After neutralizing the acid with chalk and decomposing the residual sugar by fermentation with beer-yeast, M. Pasteur found that it contained mannite.
1911 W. Jago & W. C. Jago Technol. Bread-making ix. 163 At the end of three hours, fermentation was arrested, and the residual sugar in the solutions determined polarimetrically.
1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 Nov. e1 The food and wine matchups for the dinner he prepared included two limited-production California chardonnays with some residual sugar with the mousse.
2008 Esquire Mar. 92/1 Some people worry that riesling is too sweet, but the residual sugar in there is counterpointed by a clean, scouring wire of acidity.
residual volume n. Physiology (a) the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal forcible expiration; (b) the contents remaining in an organ after its normal emptying (as blood in the heart, or urine in the bladder).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > [noun] > air in lungs
residual volume1849
stationary air1866
tidal air1872
1849–50 J. Hutchinson in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. 1066/1 The residual volume is always entirely independent of the will, and always present in the chest.
1875 A. Flint Physiol. Man (ed. 2) I. xi. 399 Dr. Hutchinson..estimates the residual volume at about 100 cubic inches.
1913 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 31 289 In the heart beat we must recognize..a residual volume, i.e., the blood remaining in the ventricles at the end of systole.
2000 Techniques Urol. 6 26 Assessment of postvoid residual volume (PVR) has become a valuable routine investigation in the evaluation of bladder outlet obstruction.
Derivatives
reˈsidually adv. to a residual extent, to a residual degree; as a residual thing.
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1871 F. Sutton Systematic Handbk. Volumetric Anal. (ed. 2) ii. 41 The solution is then titrated residually with standard alkali.
1928 Jrnl. Philos. Stud. 3 220 It is the past as residually preserved in the present that is alone knowable.
1980 Christian Sci. Monitor 24 Jan. 7/2 The council's powers and responsibilities would fall into three categories: those exercised unilaterally, those ‘shared’ with Israel, and those to remain ‘residually’ with Israel.
1988 I. Colegate Deceits of Time (1990) 88 They embarrassed him with..totally unnecessary accents, still residually Austrian.
2002 Observer 17 Feb. (Review section) 3/2 Her face has been so..dermabraded, laserbraded and improbably plumped with silicone that it is now only residually human.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.1557
adj.1570