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单词 rendition
释义

renditionn.

Brit. /rɛnˈdɪʃn/, U.S. /rɛnˈdɪʃ(ə)n/
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French rendition.
Etymology: < French †rendition action of giving, surrender, attribution, action of giving a judgement, presentation of accounts (all 15th cent. in Middle French), alteration of reddition reddition n. after rendre render v.; the sense development in English is largely after render v. Compare Spanish rendición (14th cent.), Portuguese rendição (1381 as rendiçom ). Compare earlier reddition n., and also rendering n., render n.1, rent n.1
I. Senses relating to giving or delivering.
1.
a. The surrender of a town, garrison, territory, etc. Also figurative. Now historical and rare.Common in 17th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun] > surrender
deliverancea1387
appointmenta1513
composition1523
dedition1523
rendering1523
surrender?a1525
fall1535
render1548
rendry1600
rendition1601
capitulation1604
recapitulation1641
reddition1641
surrendering1648
capitulating1734
1601 Queen Elizabeth I in F. Moryson Itinerary (1617) ii. 200 We receiued (with much contentment) the newes of the rendition of Kinsale.
1651 J. Cook Monarchy no Creature of Gods Making sig. gv The rendition of Lymericke cost him deere.
1682 J. Flavell Pract. Treat. Fear (new ed.) v. 54 Fear..treats with the tempter about terms of rendition.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 703 After the rendition of Oxford to the Parliament forces, he lived for some time in the Middle Temple.
1711 Fingall MSS in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 169 To freighten..that puissant garrison to a rendition.
1755 Parl. Hist. Eng. XIV. 6 Several Letters are next entered in the Journals, concerning the Rendition of Carlisle.
1826 W. Scott Malachi Malagrowther i Not in right of conquest, or rendition.
1894 Athenæum 26 May 678/1 He then discusses..the rendition of Mysore.
2007 S. Kelsey in J. McElligott & D. L. Smith Royalists & Royalism x. 209 A sword of state, a mace and a seal to replace those Ormond had surrendered to the parliament at his rendition of Dublin back in 1647.
b. gen. The action of giving up a possession to someone else, or of surrendering something, esp. a person, to the power or influence of another. Also: an instance of this. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > handing over or giving up to another > of a person
tradition1483
rendition1649
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iv. 38 His rendition afterward to the Scotch Army.
1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xxi. 255 Men are to the soveraignties of love fear and advantage, such Vassals; that they make rendition of their integrity to them, as readily as the World did to Alexander.
1670 W. Temple Let. in Wks. (1731) II. 212 Their Answer was, That there was no need of distinguishing the Renditions of the Colony.
1676 G. Towerson Explic. Decalogue 267 Where the Throne becomes empty, as it is by the Rendition of those that before sate in it.
1702 Compar. between Two Stages iv. 116 The rendition she makes of her self to him, is the very condition of Rodomond's Life, who was to be still her private Minion.
1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 13 Sept. Mr. Seward can scarcely place any obstacles in the way of the rendition of this man.
1874 J. Lawrence Angel Voices from Spirit World 165 From such a condition, how can they escape, we ask, but by rendition of every claim to truthfulness..of a doctrine..quite unsuited to the wants of man.
1973 Observer 12 Aug. (Colour Suppl.) 26/1 Opposing the India Bill and everything associated with the rendition of power in India.
1988 Times Lit. Suppl. 30 Dec. 1438/1 The rendition to Germany of the mandate over South-West Africa was deemed to be out of the question.
2. The action of giving back or returning something; return, restoration. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > giving back or restitution > [noun]
restitutiona1325
restoringa1382
restorance1389
restaurancea1400
restorec1400
reddition1449
relivery1463
restorementa1500
restorative?c1500
redeliverya1513
rendering1523
return1534
redeliverance1535
rembursement1579
retribution1583
restoration1608
restoral1611
repetition1649
returnal1651
rendition1652
regift1658
retradition1875
kickback1932
1652 F. Kirkman tr. A. Du Périer Loves Clerio & Lozia 148 She lost her speech, which love soon made rendition of unto her.
1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 46 They have assigned unto it [sc. memory] three operations, viz. Reception, Retention, and Rendition.
1702 J. Lead Living Funeral Testimony 65 From whence you All receive, must give All back In your Divine Reflex Rendition-Act.
3.
a. Law (chiefly U.S.). The extradition of a fugitive who has fled to another jurisdiction.
ΚΠ
1846 C. Egan Law of Extradition 5 The case of rendition must be one where the act done is equally a crime in both states.
1860 S. Eliot in Encycl. Brit. XXI. 442/2 The rendition of fugitive slaves by the Northern States.
1887 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 119 414 The Court of Appeals of New York..decided that an act..authorizing the rendition to foreign States of fugitives from justice was in conflict with the Constitution of the United States.
1934 Boston Univ. Law Rev. 14 642 The rendition proceedings are..slow, cumbersome, and costly in the United States.
1964 Wash. Univ. Law Q. 355 Even if the fugitive were captured, the demanding state could have him returned only by invoking the interstate rendition procedure provided by federal statute.
2002 M. Fleeman If I Die 235 Nevada Governor Kenny Guinn signed a warrant to return Margaret Rudin. It was delivered to Massachusetts authorities, but Margaret got a delay in her rendition.
b. Originally U.S. = extraordinary rendition n. at extraordinary adj., adv., and n. Additions.
ΚΠ
1980 Virginia Jrnl. Internat. Law 20 777 (note) Rendition’ encompasses both extradition and irregular recovery of fugitives.
1989 Washington Post 4 Nov. a1/6 Anticipating the possibility of such action, the Justice Department, he [sc. CIA director William Webster] said, has created a new term, ‘rendition’, to describe the act of capturing and bringing back to the United States a criminal suspect.
2003 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 June 27/2 The CIA has helped move dozens of detainees not only to Jordan but also to Egypt, Morocco, and even Syria. Dubbed ‘renditions’, the transfers have stirred concern by critics over those nations' records for torture.
2006 New Statesman 135 1 Despite admitting..that the CIA carries out renditions, the US has yet to own up to a single specific case of transferring a prisoner to foreign custody.
4. U.S. In silk production: the quantity of silkworm cocoons required to produce a pound of reeled silk; (also) the quantity of cocoons raised from a given quantity of eggs. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1887 Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1886 547 The second week's work in the Washington filature on Osage Orange cocoons gave a rendition of 3.69.
1890 Rep. Secretary Agric. 270 in Executive Documents House of Representatives (1891) XVII There is no reason why any silk raiser can not obtain a rendition of 80 pounds of fresh cocoons per ounce.
II. Senses relating to expression.
5. Translation from one language to another; (also occasionally more widely) the rendering of one form of language into another, as transliteration, phonetic respelling, etc. Now chiefly U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > [noun]
remeninga1382
translatinga1382
translationa1382
interpretation1382
interpretingc1384
reducing?a1425
traductiona1533
conversion1586
reddition1609
renderinga1653
rendition1653
transposition1653
transfusion1700
gloss1756
reduction1826
transc1877
machine-aided translation1966
1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 376 If those Criticks think this no right rendition, let them do the world that right as to take upon them to correct those Errata's in the Lexicons that are extant, and to turn Lexicographers themselves.
1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed iii. 327 It is..acknowledged that the most ancient Interpreters were divided in their renditions.
a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VII. 27 The Jews..charge Paul as a perverter of the prophet's meaning, in a false rendition of the sense of the place.
1858 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (1859) 360 The closest possible rendition of the meaning of the original text of the Scriptures into English.
1875 E. C. Stedman Victorian Poets (ed. 13) 275 I will not omit mention of Calverley's complete rendition of Theocritus.
1949 Jrnl. Philos. 46 718 Miss Freeman's rendition, compared with that of Burnet, shows a keener sensitiveness to Heraclitus's words and a more determined endeavor to come as close to the Greek text as possible.
1977 M. M. Bravmann Stud. in Semitic Philol. ii. 96 In his phonetic rendition of the Arabic texts, the ‘auxiliary vowel’..taking the place of the original a-vowel is regularly expressed by i.
2001 Hartford Courant 24 Nov. (New Haven County/Shoreline ed.) d4/1 At last count, there are some 70 English renditions of the Bible, in whole or in part. The latest is the ESV (English Standard Version) from Crossway.
6. Law (chiefly U.S.). The action of formally delivering a judgment or verdict.
ΚΠ
1741 tr. J. Lilly Mod. Entries (ed. 2) 11 After the rendition of the judgment aforesaid..the said James Fuller, for the reversing of the judgment aforesaid, prosecuted..a certain writ.
1802 Ann. 7th Congr. 1 Sess. 173 You might see one judge beginning a cause..and a different one entirely making the rendition of judgment.
1858 Sun (Baltimore) 17 Aug. 2/1 On the rendition of the verdict the large audience present manifested enthusiastic approbation.
1906 Indian Laws & Treaties III. 240 Upon the rendition of such judgment..the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed [etc.].
1956 R. E. Marrow Northern Methodism & Reconstruction iii. 85 Justice Samuel Nelson's rendition of the judgment was latitudinarian enough to leave excuse for debate.
1990 Law & Contemp. Probl. 53 95 (note) It may permit the accused person to be absent on a day of public trial, but that does not extend to the rendition of judgment.
2007 Florida Bar Jrnl. (Nexis) 1 Apr. 12 The appeal time runs from the rendition of the judgment in a benchtrial or rendition of the verdict in a jury trial.
7. Originally U.S. A performance or interpretation of something, esp. a dramatic role or a piece of music.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > recitation > [noun]
rehearsalc1405
rehearse1429
repetition1579
spouting1581
hersall1590
recitation1623
absolutiona1637
rendition1851
rep1858
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > [noun]
modulationa1398
timing?1578
tuning1609
musicking1703
melodizing1786
rendering1840
rendition1851
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > performing
performance?1611
rendition1851
spieling1859
1851 Spirit of Times 13 Dec. 516/1 Mr. L. is a ripe Shaksperian scholar, and his rendition of this fine character will doubtless be of a high order.
1877 H. H. Furness in W. Shakespeare Hamlet (New Variorum ed.) Pref. 14 In their rendition of Hamlet by the Messrs. Devrient.
1880 L. Wallace Ben-Hur (1887) 266 When he spoke, the account seemed to have rendition from both of them jointly.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. x. [Wandering Rocks] 231 Ben Dollard does sing that ballad touchingly. Masterly rendition.
1975 Radio Times 3 Apr. 17/1 It's comedian Roy Hudd, strumming the strings..with a rendition of ‘Auntie Maggie's Remedy’.
2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 May ii. 24/4 ‘American Idol’ has devoted an entire evening to cluelessly sung renditions of British Invasion hits.
8. Visual representation or reproduction; an example of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun]
picture?a1439
representingc1443
portraiturea1450
refigurationc1475
effigiation?1533
figuring1534
representation1579
picturing1585
representmentc1590
presentationa1616
portrayment?1650
iconism1656
importraiture1834
portrayal1836
rendition1959
1959 E. Pulgram Introd. Spectrogr. Speech xiii. 89 I chose a sustained sound... The sketch of Fig. 11 is a complete and exact spectrographic rendition of it.
1978 Amateur Photographer 2 Aug. 109/2 A polarising filter may be used to darken skies without affecting the rendition of foreground detail.
1982 Byte Apr. 264/2 ‘What you see is what you get’ (or wysiwyg) refers to the situation in which the display screen portrays an accurate rendition of the printed page.
1989 J. Updike Just Looking 76 Modigliani..of modern artists adhered most closely to the classic and Renaissance ideal of design extracted from an attentive rendition of the real.
2001 Art Room Catal. Autumn 59/2 Printed with a faithful rendition of the doors into the Room de Luxe of Mackintosh's Willow Tea Rooms, 1903, this phenomenally elegant bed linen creates an opportunity to completely reinvent a bedroom with fin-de-siècle chic.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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