relapsen.1adj.
/rᵻˈlaps/, U.S. /ˈriˌlæps/ A. n.1
A relapsed person, esp. one who has relapsed into heresy; a relapser. historical in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [noun] > person
apostate1340
postatea1387
relapse1407
pervert1501
reneganta1525
runagate1530
reniant1532
backfaller1545
apostatrice1551
turn-tippet?1556
runaway1561
faller-away1564
reneger?1577
renegado1584
backslider1591
retrospicientc1600
relapser1608
renegade1611
runagado1614
runagade1670
fallaway1673
lapser1695
faller-out1964
1407 Thorpe's Examinacion (MS Rawl. C. 208) f. 21v Alle ye bischopis of yis londe, with oth ful many preestis wolden defame me, & pursue me as a relapis.
1546 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 61 The heretikis that ar relapsis.
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. L When a man is a relaps from God and his Lawes.
1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxix. 362 Although a Recluse yet to be a Relaps feare thou neuer.
1683 Apol. Protestants France iii. 2 The Prisons in France are full of these pretended Relaps.
1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. 39 Articles (1700) xxv. 278 They never gave a second Absolution to the Relapse.
1734 J. Baker tr. Hist. Inquisition xxvii. 349 A certain Parson mounted the Pulpit, and with a shrill voice..pronounced Mark Anthony, as a Relapse into Heresy.
1736 S. Chandler Hist. Persecution 266 If the Person accused is found a Relapse by his own Confession, he can't escape Death.
1820 A. Ranken Hist. France VIII. ii. ii. 274 They were commanded to receive no converts nor relapses from the Catholic body.
1877 F. D. Mocatta Jews of Spain & Portugal 74 Through the remainder of their lives they were ever afterwards zealously watched, as a ‘relapse’ was never forgiven.
1908 J. Gairdner Lollardy I. i. i. 59 All the bishops would pursue him as a ‘relapse’.
1986 L. Leneman Living in Atholl iv. 99 When it was a second or third offence, the offender was recorded as being a relapse or trilapse.
2003 S. McSheffrey & N. Tanner Lollards of Coventry 10 Robert Silkby, who had fled from Coventry when the others were arrested, was likewise burned as a relapse.
Chiefly Scottish = relapsed adj. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [adjective]
forraughtc1175
renayedc1380
apostate1382
apostasied1393
relapse?a1425
departed1439
renegate1488
retractive1509
apostatical1532
shrinking1535
apostatatec1540
runagate1558
apostatic1583
apostatous1588
collapsed1609
renegado1612
recreant1613
apotactical1615
apostatized1629
apostating1630
lapsed1638
apostated1642
apostatizing1652
renegade1664
diabolonian1682
backsliding1816
relapsing1864
backslidden1871
?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 88 (MED) If þei leeue his bidding, he seiþ bi lawe þei ben relaps, & þanne þei schal be brent.
1564 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1839) I. 56 Sick as are relapse the thrid tyme in any kind of crymes.
1572–3 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) III. 72/1 And relaps persounis..sall not be admittit as preuis witnessis or assysouris aganis ony professing the trew religioun.
1625 Fraserburgh Kirk Session II. 20 July [He] was ordenit to satisfie for his relaps adulterie.
1683 Apol. Protestants France ii. 13 What was particular to Ecclesiasticks and Relapse Protestants, is now become universal to all Roman Catholicks.
1714 Caithness Presbytery Rec. in A. W. Johnston & A. Johnston Old-lore Misc. (1910) III. 48 Bearing that she is relapse in fornication.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
relapsen.2
/rᵻˈlaps/, /ˈriːlaps/, U.S. /ˈriˌlæps/ 1. The action or an act of falling back into error, sin, or wrongdoing; a return to an undesirable state or activity. Also with into.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > [noun]
renoirie1340
apostasyc1380
recidivationa1425
perversiona1450
pervertinga1450
relapsec1475
resiluation1513
departing1526
residuationa1535
back-starting1535
backsliding1554
abrenunciation1557
recreant1570
backslide1586
relapsing1591
recreantness1611
apostating1648
recadency1648
apostatizing1659
lapse1660
apostatism1814
renegadism1823
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [noun] > moral fall or lapse > moral relapse
recidivationa1425
relapsec1475
resiluation1513
residuationa1535
relapsing1591
quadrulapse1595
recumbency1601
recidivism1884
recidivity1890
c1475 ( in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1911) 26 516 A pure malice and longtyme precogitat wykednes, the whiche after the furst indulgence hade relapse and recay in a greter and more pernicious offence.
1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 14 §6 Yf they..after abiuracion fall in relapse..they shalbe..burned.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 941/2 Not to departe thence without licence of the Prior for the tyme beyng, vpon payne of relapse.
a1628 J. Preston Treat. Effectual Faith 69 in Breast-plate of Faith (1631) When a sin is committed we should labour to recover our selves out of that relapse.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 100 Which would but lead me to a worse relapse And heavier fall. View more context for this quotation
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 2 Apr. 1/1 His Mind would be still open to Honour and Virtue, in spite of Infirmities and Relapses.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 626 A presage ominous, portending still Its own dishonour by a worse relapse.
1816 J. Austen Emma I. xvi. 293 She stopt to blush and laugh at her own relapse . View more context for this quotation
1869 J. B. Brown Misread Passages ix. 124 Relapse into idolatry..was a very pressing peril.
1926 H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 304/1 A regrettable by-product of their activities has been a relapse into primitive methods of soliciting attention.
1967 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 7 296 At the moment of relapse, which is a return to worldliness, he covers himself from clear view.
1997 P. Barnett 2nd Epist. Corinthians 598 Paul has heard of a large-scale relapse into sexual sin by certain members.
2.
a. A deterioration in a patient's condition after a partial or apparently complete recovery; return of a disease, symptom, etc., after an interval of recovery. Also in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun] > relapse
recidivationc1425
resiluation1513
relapse1584
recidive1596
reciduity1598
recidivity1884
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxliii. 280 After that time to sleepe and eate at pleasure, yet measurably for feare of relaps.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. Ded. A very dangerous disease..further increased by two relapses.
1686 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 390 The King of France hath had a relapse of his distemper.
a1721 J. Sheffield Wks. (1753) I. 36 In love, that languishing disease, A sad relapse we ne'er recover.
1770 E. Burke Let. 15 Aug. in Corr. (1960) II. 149 It was a slow fever with frequent appearances of amendment, and frequent relapses.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xi. 148 He was soon led on by the malicious dwarf to smoke himself into a relapse.
1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. i. 194 A second and perhaps a third relapse succeed.
1905 Practitioner May 664 In cases of relapse, or of a second attack of diphtheria, the serum reaction may be very marked.
1992 N.Y. Times 12 July iv. 6/1 The national economy teeters agonizingly between slow convalescence and recessionary relapse.
2001 A. Solomon Noonday Demon (2002) ii. 58 People who have had myocardial infarction after great physical strain are subject to relapse even while sitting in an armchair.
b. A slip back into a state of addiction, after a period of abstinence or recovery; recurrence of an addiction or addictive behaviour.
ΚΠ
1874 Lancet 11 July 53/1 A new danger has sprung up among the more favoured classes themselves, tending strongly to undo the reform which has been attained, and to cause a relapse to the old indulgence [sc. dipsomania].
1900 J. D. Albright Gen. Practitioner as Specialist 8 In the treatment of drug addictions several points must be considered... The third is, to prevent the patient from returning to the use of the drug, a relapse.
1952 Jrnl. Criminal Law, Criminol., & Police Sci. 43 332 Studies reveal that the causes of relapse are basically the same as the reasons for the earlier addiction and this suggests that besides lacking will power, the failures still lack elementary insight.
2003 Philadelphia Inquirer 16 May a3/2 The two other drugs—acamprosate, available in Europe but not the United States, and naltrexone—are given to ward off relapses once an alcoholic has stopped drinking.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [noun] > failure to meet obligations
defaultinga1475
relapse1593
default1595
defaulture1632
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 47 For a hundred pound commodity..he recouers, by relapse, some hundred pound a yeere.
1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. v. 58 A French merchant runne into relapse, And forfeit of the Law.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > [noun] > falling or sinking back
relapsation1569
relapse1615
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια xi. vi. 843 There are two values which hinder the relapse of the blood.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Semi Semi-Lunar Valves..are little Valves or Membranes of a Semilunar Figure, placed in the Orifice of the Pulmonary Artery, to prevent the Relapse of the Blood into the Heart at the time of its Dilatation.
1876 A. C. Swinburne Erechtheus 80 As the swing of the sea churned yellow that sways with the wind as it swells Is the lift and relapse of the chargers that clash with their bells.
1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic lxiv Every dart of every aim..That touches just, then seems, by strange relapse, To fall effectless from the soul.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > effort to improve
relapse1817
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xii. xvi. 258 One brief relapse, like the last beam Of dying flames..a blood-red gleam Burst upwards.
Compounds
relapse rate n.
ΚΠ
1898 F. E. Hare Cold Bath Treatm. Typhoid Fever iv. 100 The slight difference observed in the relapse-rates may be neglected; or rather it seems to me, it should be accepted as tolerably conclusive evidence that the bath-treatment exercises no influence whatever upon the frequency of relapses.
2007 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 3 June 45 (advt.) For the first time ever, The Alcoholism & Addiction Cure shows how you can create your own personalized treatment program... While traditional treatments have a relapse rate as high as 80% or 90%, Passages has an 84.4% cure rate.
relapse prevention n.
ΚΠ
1971 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y) 28 May 10/3 (headline) Relapse prevention method to be aired.
1977 G. Edwards & M. Grant Alcoholism 149 The possibilities of designing therapies which focus specifically on relapse prevention have recently been discussed.
2005 Jrnl. Econ. Lit. 44 236/1 Models pertaining to how drug policy should vary over the course of a drug epidemic; and an economic evaluation of relapse prevention for substance users.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
relapsev.
/rᵻˈlaps/, U.S. /rəˈlæps/, /riˈlæps/, /ˈriˌlæps/ΚΠ
?c1450 Brut (Trin. Cambr.) (1908) 478 (MED) This Clerk stode vpon an high stage..forto forsake all his fals craft of the devell, and for to relapse all þat he had doon and wrought by the devyll and his powere.
2.
a. intransitive. To suffer from a recurrence of an illness after an interval of recovery; (of an illness or disease process) to recur in this way. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > relapse
recidivec1429
relapse1548
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. iiiv He should be then clerely delyuered of hys desease: Yet not so cleane ryd of yt, but that he might shortly relaps and fall agayn into thesame euyll pyt.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 858 He should be then cleerely delyuered of his disease: Yet not so cleane rid of it, but that he might shortly relaps.
1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. ii. 15 They which have been troubled with any of these Diseases..do use many times to relapse and fal into the same again.
1681 London Gaz. No. 1586/3 The Prince of Parma is relapsed, and has his Feavor again.
1707 G. Farquhar Beaux Stratagem iv. 44 Your Servant has been telling me that you're apt to relapse if you go into the Air.
1778 S. Johnson Let. 15 Oct. (1992) III. 128 He was mending before he went, and surely he has not relapsed.
1835 London Med. Gaz. 19 Dec. 435/2 A few months later the cancer relapsed.
1855 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. (1856) II. i. 11 Mr. Wilson has relapsed. I..took his place at watch.
1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic xlix The red fire..Rallies, relapses, dwindles, deathward sinks!
1912 W. C. Wilkinson Tuberculin in Diagnosis & Treatm. Tuberculosis iv. v. 238 The disease relapsed, and in spite of the uncle's methods, the poor girl died about a year and a half after she left me.
1957 A. Ginsberg Let. 6 Nov. in A. Ginsberg & L. Ginsberg Family Business: Sel. Lett. (2001) 76 I came down with the Asian Flu, full scale, & have been in bed for 10 days, had a bad case & relapsed several times before it was all over.
2008 Guardian 23 Oct. 1/1 A three-year trial at Cambridge University showed that patients given the drug, alemtuzumab, were 74% less likely to relapse than those treated with existing medications.
b. intransitive. To undergo a recurrence of an addiction, esp. a drug addiction, after a period of abstinence or recovery.
ΚΠ
1901 J. D. Albright Gen. Practitioner as Specialist (ed. 2) 270 The periodical drinker is said to be the most likely to relapse and fall back into his old habits.
1945 PMLA 60 791 It is also significant that dreams (good or bad) never are mentioned by addicts when they are asked why they desire a cure or why they have relapsed afterward.
1968 Sci. News 94 425/3 The question of why addicts relapse was the central theme of a symposium of the 105th annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences last week.
1991 Atlantic Mar. 13/2 Under legalization a few former users would relapse and some current users would quit. The net effect would likely be a washout.
2007 Pharmacy Pract. May 20/3 The majority of cigarette smokers who achieve abstinence on traditional pharmacotherapies relapse within the first year.
3. intransitive. To fall back into error, sin, or wrongdoing; spec. to return to heresy after recantation (now rare). Frequently with into; occasionally with from.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > apostasy > be or become apostate [verb (intransitive)]
renayc1300
to go backward1382
to fall awayc1384
to stand behindc1475
to turn (one's) tippet1546
relapse1563
backslide1581
apostate1596
apostatize1611
renegade1611
apostasize1696
renegado1731
renege1744
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > act wrongly or immorally [verb (intransitive)] > fall or lapse > back again
relapse1563
replunge1611
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 95/20 Albeit thai chastisit the apostatis relapsit fra the trew fayth.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 940/2 You be not onely..impenitent, disobedient,..and relapsed by this your..hereticall demeanour: but [etc.].
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xxxix. 96 These Maronites..received the Catholick faith; though soon after..they relapsed to their old errours.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xii. 59 The Children of Israel..relapsed into the Idolatry of the Egyptians.
1684 in Trans. Dumfries & Galloway Nat. Hist. & Antiquarian Soc. 3rd Ser. 36 160 William Thomsone [etc.]..Relapsed upon the 18 Febry..and deserted on the tuentie day.
a1740 D. Waterland Summary View Doctr. Justif. in Wks. (1823) IX. 464 Then they enter into the justified state, and so continue all along, unless they relapse.
1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind II. 2 When you are your own mistress, you may relapse into..faults.
1824 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) II. ii. i. 247 Cicero..late in life..relapsed into the sceptical tenets of his former instructor Philo.
1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xxiv. 351 The tendency of the Church of England to relapse into Romish superstition.
1907 Catholic Encycl. I. 594/1 Some four years later Apiarius relapsed into scandalous courses.
1967 T. Wilder Eighth Day iv. 298 Beata's mother, growing old, was relapsing into the vices of the aristocratic view of life.
1992 G. MacLennan Lucid Interval iii. 74 Again he relapses, and, for the third time, returns to Glastonbury.
4. † b. intransitive. With from. To cease to associate with a person. Obsolete. rare.
a. intransitive. To fall from one activity, state, or condition into another (frequently a less active or worse one). Frequently with into, from.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > change of direction, reversion > revert [verb (intransitive)] > to former state or condition
to turn againc1325
returnc1405
resorta1438
revert?a1513
to pass and repass1548
refall1570
relapse1593
unhappen1805
react1841
involute1904
relax1934
reset1946
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares To Rdr. Into some splenative vaines of wantonnesse, heeretofore have I foolishlie relapsed.
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xii. 310 Our mind doth stil relaps into the same depth.
1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. ii. 36 So that..he might more grievously relapse into the said denounced sentence.
1714 R. Steele Lover (1723) 30 Some..have relapsed from the Audacity they had arrived at, into their first Bashfulness.
1717 R. Bentley Serm. before King George 9 He sustains them all from relapsing into Nothing.
1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. xxiv. 95 I sprung out of the chaise to help her, and found myself sitting betwixt her and her goat before I relapsed from my enthusiasm.
1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 46 When..he had relapsed into moody silence, I resumed the subject gently.
1845 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 57 51 He..relapses..from civism to brutism.
1864 D. G. Mitchell Seven Stories 55 He relapsed into a musing mood.
1934 L. Charteris Boodle xii. 251 ‘Shtick 'em up!’ he commanded gravely, and at once relapsed into further merriment.
1969 A. C. Scott tr. Trad. Chinese Plays II. 62 (stage direct.) He relapses into monologue again.
1998 A. P. Burnett Revenge in Attic & Later Trag. 285 Unlike Hector..who relapses from a resolve to kill enemies, Medea has relapsed from a determination to kill friends.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > reversal of or forsaking one's will or purpose > reverse or abandon one's purpose or intention [verb (transitive)] > desert or deny a person
forsakea1300
refusec1350
nitec1390
swerve1390
relinquish1472
relinque1483
renounce1582
to fling off1587
derelicta1631
relapse1633
plant1743
to throw over1835
chuck up (the sponge)1878
ditch1899
ruck1903
to run out on1912
to walk out1921
squib1938
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. v. 35 Hee feared to run into any such inconvenience, as might cause his friends to relapse from him.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 59 You slip your hold, and change your side, Relapsing from a necessary guide.
c. intransitive. To fall back under a person's power or rule.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > be under authority [verb (intransitive)] > come under someone's power again
relapse1680
1680 J. Davies tr. G. B. Stoppa Relig. Dutch i. 8 The Prince of Orange engag'd them..to maintain the Change he had made, that so they might not relapse under the power of their ancient Master.
1774 A. M. Toplady Hist. Proof Doctrinal Calvinism Church of Eng. II. xix. 635 The Preservation of the United Provinces from relapsing under the Yoke of Spain was, indeed, a ‘worldly view’.
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxxv. 393 Salamis relapsed under the sway of its former despot Gorgus.
1908 tr. M. J. C. Seignobos Hist. Mediaeval Civilization & Mod. xxii. 328 They recognized as sovereign, first, an archduke of Austria, then a brother of the King of France, and finally relapsed under the dominion of Philip II.
2001 C. Holcombe Genesis E. Asia vi. 151 Neighboring Qiong Prefecture..relapsed under the control of rebellious tribesmen from 667 to 789.
d. intransitive. Of stock that has risen in value: to fall in value, to return to a lower price.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (intransitive)] > decline in price or fall > again
relapse1835
1835 Metropolitan 12 53 Bank Stock has relapsed to its reduced quotation of 222½ for Money.
1896 Daily News 15 Dec. 9/1 Home Railway stocks have relapsed to-day.
1912 Times 19 Dec. 20/3 Egyptian futures..relapsed to 9 to 11 points below last night under Continental selling and poor support.
1952 J. V. Robinson Rate of Interest 75 Plenty of owners of wealth would be willing to..repurchase bonds when their price relapses to normal.
1998 M. S. Fridson It was very Good Year 164 Shares had climbed to over $200 only to relapse to $194 when the board made no announcement.
5. intransitive. To fall, sink, or slip back.
ΚΠ
1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian ix. 148 Part of that circle-bay Relaps'd, the water made it selfe a way.
1693 S. Wesley Life our Blessed Lord i. 15 Relapsing through the Vale he glides away.
1843 E. Jones Stud. Sensation & Event 133 As they spake, relapsed with gradual lapse Her heels to ground, her shoulders to the fence.
1869 G. H. Calvert Ellen 37 At sudden sight Of him, with scream quick counterchecked, it did Upleap, and then relapsed as swiftly.
1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out x. 144 She threw the book down, looked out of the window, turned away from the window, and relapsed into an arm-chair.
1951 S. H. Bell December Bride i. vii. 56 Pentland relapsed back into his chair.
1987 F. Kuppner Intelligent Observ. Naked Women 118 I lift myself Onto my elbows..Then relapse onto my bed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > change of direction, reversion > change back [verb (transitive)]
reversea1393
converta1425
undo1426
unmakec1450
recommencea1513
unweave1542
mismake1575
resubstantiate1584
unspin1587
remit1591
retrievea1596
remetamorphose1598
remorphize1603
reconvert1609
unlive1621
unravel1637
relapse1652
to bring about1680
uncoin1833
unpay1842
reset1846
revert1856
unweb1882
1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cassandra ii. 86 Such transportments of passion as were likely to have relaps'd him into his former condition.
1668 H. More Two Last Dialogues iv. xxxvii. 207 Who-ever revives to him any hope of recovery, relapses that Kingdome into the state of the first Vial.
1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) i. 473 Some Hellish scheme to settle and relapse The spleen of Cain.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1adj.1407
n.2c1475v.?c1450