regimen.

Brit.

/reɪˈʒiːm/,

/rɛˈʒiːm/,

/rəˈʒiːm/, U.S.

/reɪˈʒim/,

/rəˈʒim/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s regyme, late Middle English–1500s 1700s– regime, 1700s– régime.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French regime.

Etymology: < Middle French regime, French régime medical treatment (1314), government, administration (c1350), way of living, eating, etc. so as to maintain or establish good health (late 14th cent.), body of legal arrangements which govern an institution, organization, administration, etc. (1409), condition or character of a watercourse with regard to the pattern of flow and the transport of sediment ( L. G. Du Buat-Nançay Princ. d'hydraulique (1779) i. iv. 73), form of government of a state (1789), set of circumstances determining a physical phenomenon (1829), later form of Old French, Middle French regimen regimen n. Compare earlier regimen n. and Romance forms cited at that entry. Compare also earlier regiment n.

1. Originally: †the regulation of aspects of life that affect a person's health or welfare (occasionally without article) (obsolete). Hence: a particular course of diet, exercise, medication, etc., prescribed or adopted for the restoration or preservation of health. Cf. regimen n. 1a, regiment n. 5.See the note at regimen n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > course of treatment

medicinec1325

regimena1400

regiment?a1425

discipline?a1439

regime1864

c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 169 (MED) Wyse men..to that entent that they may leve in wellfar and in helthe, likethe theim to haue a regime for the preseruyng of the same.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton sig. i ix Men may intytule this lytell book the myrour of the regyme & gouernment of the body and of the sowle.

1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) v. sig. B.iv I am almoost as prudent and wyse as I was at my byrthe. And that worse is I wolde be no wyser,..and I wryte the folysshe regyme of foly.

?1570 tr. Shepardes Kalendar (rev. ed.) xxvii. sig. I.i (heading) A deuision and regyme of tyme, of the which Shepardes vseth after that the season & tyme requyreth.

1596 P. Lowe Easie Method to cure Spanish Sicknes xiii. sig. C3^v The rest of the time they vse good regime, and drinke no other drinke.

1776 Earl of Carlisle Let. 13 Sept. in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 157 Regime is better than physic.

1864 Lancet 29 Oct. 493/2 It would be quite allowable to apply to such corpulent persons..a régime in which some portion of the meat-ration of Mr. Banting should be replaced by fatty matters.

1908 A. Bennett Old Wives' Tale i. iii. 45 She was a shrivelled little woman, capable of sitting twelve hours a day in a bedroom and thriving on the régime.

1940 N. J. Eastman Expectant Motherhood viii. 131 By ‘Twilight Sleep’ is meant a regime in which morphine is combined with scopolamine.

1943 Ann. Allergy 1 33 Others in whom the psychic element is important are nevertheless improved by a hygienic régime or by symptomatic medication.

1999 News of World 3 Oct. 85/5 Fitness coaches step in to help players work on their strength and stamina, which includes..a highly intensive, physical regime.

2006 Company Nov. 199/1 Angelique should combine her fitness regime with good, healthy eating.

a. A method or system of rule, governance, or control; a system of organization; a way of doing things, esp. one having widespread influence or prevalence. old regime: = ancient regime n. at sense 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun]

ordinance?a1400

governance1402

policy?a1439

regimentc1475

frame1529

statea1538

government1553

estate1559

platform1587

polity1590

governail1598

regimen1663

constitution1735

regime1792

system1806

party government1834

1792 Dr. Guthrie Let. 26 Sept. in J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. (1798) XX. App. F. p. lxiv Respectable Pastors..living with their flock in habits of friendship and intimacy, the natural result of the sensible regime of the Scotch Church.

1805 Edinb. Rev. 6 471 The short sentence about the regime of the Roman provinces affords two instances of inadvertence.

1808 Sir J. Moore in Jas. Moore Narr. Campaign (1809) 76 They have acted with all the imbecility of an old established weak government of the old regime.

1842 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 30 Aug. (1954) I. 144 There ought to be..a few spectral clingers to the memory of the old régime in the era of political regeneration.

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. iii. xvi. §1 Under the regime of competition, things are..exchanged for each other at such values [etc.].

1884 Harper's Mag. Mar. 554/2 The habits of the last century in respect to decorum were just receding... The old régime was dying.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 42/2 The old and perhaps outworn régime of free competition.

1975 Internat. Org. 29 711 The traditional fisheries regime of free and open access..has been modified by many regional or stock-related management arrangements.

1990 J. K. Galbraith Financial Euphoria (1993) v. 67 In the last decade of the last century..there was a strong case for a more liberal monetary regime.

2008 Daily Tel. 29 Aug. (Business section) b1/2 Asset manager Henderson Group and engineering group Charter..are moving to Dublin, where the tax regime is more business friendly.

b. ancient regime n. [after French ancien régime ancien régime n.] the system of government in France before the revolution of 1789. In extended use: any old or outmoded system or way of doing things.

ΘΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in France

reign of terror1784

ancient regime1792

ancien régime1794

terrorism1795

First Republic1800

White Terror1805

restoration1815

consulate1845

Red Terror1864

commune1871

marshalate1874

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > old-fashionedness > outdated system

old order1533

ancient regime1792

1792 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 195 Some are for absolute monarchy, some for the ancient regime.

1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 104 The Aristocracy was cemented by a common principle, of preserving the ancient regime, or whatever should be nearest to it.

1852 Times 25 Mar. 5/6 Something..which discarding the ancient regime, should open a new field of enterprise.

1895 Cent. Mag. Aug. 514/2 Similar notions had not been foreign to the ancient régime, but England had prevented their fulfilment.

1901 F. Norris Octopus i. i. 48 It was..a note of the Old World; of the ancient régime.

1975 Hist. Jrnl. 18 65 Whereas most French villages of the ancient regime and before still had open assemblées..Provence..developed by the eighteenth century closed (though democratic) conseils.

2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 11 He received the support of noteworthy fellows of the radical Zoological Club..all hostile to the Linnaean ancient regime.

c. Chiefly with negative connotation. A particular ruling group, government, or administration, esp. an authoritarian one.

ΚΠ

1913 Ann. Rep. Board of Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church U.S.A. 18 The Madero regime has been overturned.

1918 Open Court Dec. 711 How many men, women, and children the Bolshevik regime has slain or starved to death, the world does not yet know.

1937 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Nov. 1/3 The spokesmen of the regime,..are taking every opportunity..to ridicule the idea that every German servant girl abroad is a disguised Gestapo agent or a spy.

1955 Times 2 May 8/3 None of us is prepared..to bolster up the aging régime of Chiang Kai-shek.

1986 Guardian (Nexis) 31 Mar. The heady days when her father raised the people against an earlier military regime may be remembered.

2006 Hill Times (Canada) 8 May 9/1 Khartoum's murderous regime has been funding Arab-raiding parties, the Janjaweed.

3. Physical Geography.

a. The condition or character of a watercourse with regard to the pattern of flow and the transport of sediment, and the possibility of equilibrium between erosion and deposition. Cf. regimen n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > intermittent

winterbourneeOE

sitchOE

sikec1330

eylebournc1480

vipseys1610

periodical stream1804

spruit1832

regime1837

wadi1839

skerth1851

khor1884

oued1920

chaung1945

jube1948

1837 tr. J. M. Sganzin Elem. Course Civil Engin. xvii. 126 The employment of this system requires..a well established regime in the bed of the river.

1856 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 15 242 To regulate the low-water régime, by removing the shoals below London Bridge.

1895 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 119 282 Observations were made at thirty sites... Each was known by long local experience to have been in a state of permanent regime, the canal having been flowing for years on its self-silted bed.

1925 F. Reeves Notes & Data Railway Engin. 30 One frequently sees the results of this absence of accurate knowledge of the régime of the stream in washaways, bridges of unnecessary size, etc.

1927 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 223 268 The conditions of great rivers in unstable regime, presenting every kind of irregularity of flow.

1993 Harrowsmith Dec. 42 (caption) Reduced flow regimes proposed by Alcan would be disastrous for salmon in the Nechako River.

b. The pattern of rainfall in a region as regards amounts and distribution. Also: the relationship between incoming and outgoing water in a natural system.

ΚΠ

1874 Chem. News 27 Feb. 101/2 (heading) Pluvial régime of the torrid zone in the basin of the Atlantic Ocean.

1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xxix. 215 The east of the British Isles has a continental rather than oceanic rainfall régime.

1957 J. K. Charlesworth Quaternary Era II. xlviii. 1410 Pluvial conditions over vast areas of the world..were replaced by a régime of desiccation.

1976 Nature 23 Sept. 281/1 Raised bogs..have their own water regime, with all of the moisture supplied from the atmosphere.

2001 Austral. Jrnl. Soil Res. (Nexis) 39 861 The pluviometric regime is characterised by long episodes of widespread and moderate rainfall.

4. The set of physical conditions and influences to which a system is subject or by which it is maintained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > moving water > [noun] > rate of entering or leaving a body

regime1890

the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement > a system or scheme > set of conditions for a system

regime1890

1890 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1889 502 We should expect that, after the change of loads has been frequently repeated so that a cyclic régime is established, the wire will, for any value of load between the two extremes, be longer during unloading than during loading.

1920 A. Fage Airscrews xii. 176 The study of the working régime of a helicopter.

1942 Electronic Engin. 14 665/3 It has been found that the duration of this low voltage régime may be increased to..20–30 microseconds.

1978 Nature 29 June 752/1 Anemones were..maintained in circulating seawater at 10°C for 6 months before experimentation in a 12-h light and 12-h darkness regime.

1992 National Trust Mag. Spring 3/2 The changes taking place [in farming] often provide an opportunity to reappraise traditional regimes, and to introduce methods which enhance conservation.

1996 L. Talbot in S. A. Berger et al. Introd. Bioengin. ii. 122/1 It is the Reynolds number, not the sphere diameter, which determines whether the flow is in the Stokes regime.

Compounds

regime change n. replacement of one governing administration by another; (in later use also euphemistic) removal of a hostile foreign government, esp. by military force.

ΚΠ

1925 Los Angeles Times 1 Aug. 8/4 (headline) Regime change effort denied.

1965 World Politics 17 239 Those NATO designs..would be severely compromised by regime changes in individual nations which shifted their foreign policies in a neutralist direction.

1987 Washington Post 20 Feb. a27/6 In mid-August last year, the president signed a National Security Decision Directive stating that he still sought a ‘regime change’ in Libya, and directed the CIA to conduct a campaign of ‘disinformation’.

2002 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. a1/3 Iraq's use of gas in that conflict is repeatedly mentioned..as justification for ‘regime change’ in Iraq.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	regime
释义	regimen. Brit. /reɪˈʒiːm/, /rɛˈʒiːm/, /rəˈʒiːm/, U.S. /reɪˈʒim/, /rəˈʒim/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s regyme, late Middle English–1500s 1700s– regime, 1700s– régime. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French regime. Etymology: < Middle French regime, French régime medical treatment (1314), government, administration (c1350), way of living, eating, etc. so as to maintain or establish good health (late 14th cent.), body of legal arrangements which govern an institution, organization, administration, etc. (1409), condition or character of a watercourse with regard to the pattern of flow and the transport of sediment ( L. G. Du Buat-Nançay Princ. d'hydraulique (1779) i. iv. 73), form of government of a state (1789), set of circumstances determining a physical phenomenon (1829), later form of Old French, Middle French regimen regimen n. Compare earlier regimen n. and Romance forms cited at that entry. Compare also earlier regiment n. 1. Originally: †the regulation of aspects of life that affect a person's health or welfare (occasionally without article) (obsolete). Hence: a particular course of diet, exercise, medication, etc., prescribed or adopted for the restoration or preservation of health. Cf. regimen n. 1a, regiment n. 5.See the note at regimen n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > course of treatment medicinec1325 regimena1400 regiment?a1425 discipline?a1439 regime1864 c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 169 (MED) Wyse men..to that entent that they may leve in wellfar and in helthe, likethe theim to haue a regime for the preseruyng of the same. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton sig. i ix Men may intytule this lytell book the myrour of the regyme & gouernment of the body and of the sowle. 1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) v. sig. B.iv I am almoost as prudent and wyse as I was at my byrthe. And that worse is I wolde be no wyser,..and I wryte the folysshe regyme of foly. ?1570 tr. Shepardes Kalendar (rev. ed.) xxvii. sig. I.i (heading) A deuision and regyme of tyme, of the which Shepardes vseth after that the season & tyme requyreth. 1596 P. Lowe Easie Method to cure Spanish Sicknes xiii. sig. C3^v The rest of the time they vse good regime, and drinke no other drinke. 1776 Earl of Carlisle Let. 13 Sept. in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 157 Regime is better than physic. 1864 Lancet 29 Oct. 493/2 It would be quite allowable to apply to such corpulent persons..a régime in which some portion of the meat-ration of Mr. Banting should be replaced by fatty matters. 1908 A. Bennett Old Wives' Tale i. iii. 45 She was a shrivelled little woman, capable of sitting twelve hours a day in a bedroom and thriving on the régime. 1940 N. J. Eastman Expectant Motherhood viii. 131 By ‘Twilight Sleep’ is meant a regime in which morphine is combined with scopolamine. 1943 Ann. Allergy 1 33 Others in whom the psychic element is important are nevertheless improved by a hygienic régime or by symptomatic medication. 1999 News of World 3 Oct. 85/5 Fitness coaches step in to help players work on their strength and stamina, which includes..a highly intensive, physical regime. 2006 Company Nov. 199/1 Angelique should combine her fitness regime with good, healthy eating. 2. a. A method or system of rule, governance, or control; a system of organization; a way of doing things, esp. one having widespread influence or prevalence. old regime: = ancient regime n. at sense 2b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun] ordinance?a1400 governance1402 policy?a1439 regimentc1475 frame1529 statea1538 government1553 estate1559 platform1587 polity1590 governail1598 regimen1663 constitution1735 regime1792 system1806 party government1834 1792 Dr. Guthrie Let. 26 Sept. in J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. (1798) XX. App. F. p. lxiv Respectable Pastors..living with their flock in habits of friendship and intimacy, the natural result of the sensible regime of the Scotch Church. 1805 Edinb. Rev. 6 471 The short sentence about the regime of the Roman provinces affords two instances of inadvertence. 1808 Sir J. Moore in Jas. Moore Narr. Campaign (1809) 76 They have acted with all the imbecility of an old established weak government of the old regime. 1842 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 30 Aug. (1954) I. 144 There ought to be..a few spectral clingers to the memory of the old régime in the era of political regeneration. 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. iii. xvi. §1 Under the regime of competition, things are..exchanged for each other at such values [etc.]. 1884 Harper's Mag. Mar. 554/2 The habits of the last century in respect to decorum were just receding... The old régime was dying. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 42/2 The old and perhaps outworn régime of free competition. 1975 Internat. Org. 29 711 The traditional fisheries regime of free and open access..has been modified by many regional or stock-related management arrangements. 1990 J. K. Galbraith Financial Euphoria (1993) v. 67 In the last decade of the last century..there was a strong case for a more liberal monetary regime. 2008 Daily Tel. 29 Aug. (Business section) b1/2 Asset manager Henderson Group and engineering group Charter..are moving to Dublin, where the tax regime is more business friendly. b. ancient regime n. [after French ancien régime ancien régime n.] the system of government in France before the revolution of 1789. In extended use: any old or outmoded system or way of doing things. ΘΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > specific regimes > [noun] > in France reign of terror1784 ancient regime1792 ancien régime1794 terrorism1795 First Republic1800 White Terror1805 restoration1815 consulate1845 Red Terror1864 commune1871 marshalate1874 the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > old-fashionedness > outdated system old order1533 ancient regime1792 1792 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 195 Some are for absolute monarchy, some for the ancient regime. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 104 The Aristocracy was cemented by a common principle, of preserving the ancient regime, or whatever should be nearest to it. 1852 Times 25 Mar. 5/6 Something..which discarding the ancient regime, should open a new field of enterprise. 1895 Cent. Mag. Aug. 514/2 Similar notions had not been foreign to the ancient régime, but England had prevented their fulfilment. 1901 F. Norris Octopus i. i. 48 It was..a note of the Old World; of the ancient régime. 1975 Hist. Jrnl. 18 65 Whereas most French villages of the ancient regime and before still had open assemblées..Provence..developed by the eighteenth century closed (though democratic) conseils. 2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 11 He received the support of noteworthy fellows of the radical Zoological Club..all hostile to the Linnaean ancient regime. c. Chiefly with negative connotation. A particular ruling group, government, or administration, esp. an authoritarian one. ΚΠ 1913 Ann. Rep. Board of Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church U.S.A. 18 The Madero regime has been overturned. 1918 Open Court Dec. 711 How many men, women, and children the Bolshevik regime has slain or starved to death, the world does not yet know. 1937 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Nov. 1/3 The spokesmen of the regime,..are taking every opportunity..to ridicule the idea that every German servant girl abroad is a disguised Gestapo agent or a spy. 1955 Times 2 May 8/3 None of us is prepared..to bolster up the aging régime of Chiang Kai-shek. 1986 Guardian (Nexis) 31 Mar. The heady days when her father raised the people against an earlier military regime may be remembered. 2006 Hill Times (Canada) 8 May 9/1 Khartoum's murderous regime has been funding Arab-raiding parties, the Janjaweed. 3. Physical Geography. a. The condition or character of a watercourse with regard to the pattern of flow and the transport of sediment, and the possibility of equilibrium between erosion and deposition. Cf. regimen n. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > intermittent winterbourneeOE sitchOE sikec1330 eylebournc1480 vipseys1610 periodical stream1804 spruit1832 regime1837 wadi1839 skerth1851 khor1884 oued1920 chaung1945 jube1948 1837 tr. J. M. Sganzin Elem. Course Civil Engin. xvii. 126 The employment of this system requires..a well established regime in the bed of the river. 1856 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 15 242 To regulate the low-water régime, by removing the shoals below London Bridge. 1895 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 119 282 Observations were made at thirty sites... Each was known by long local experience to have been in a state of permanent regime, the canal having been flowing for years on its self-silted bed. 1925 F. Reeves Notes & Data Railway Engin. 30 One frequently sees the results of this absence of accurate knowledge of the régime of the stream in washaways, bridges of unnecessary size, etc. 1927 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 223 268 The conditions of great rivers in unstable regime, presenting every kind of irregularity of flow. 1993 Harrowsmith Dec. 42 (caption) Reduced flow regimes proposed by Alcan would be disastrous for salmon in the Nechako River. b. The pattern of rainfall in a region as regards amounts and distribution. Also: the relationship between incoming and outgoing water in a natural system. ΚΠ 1874 Chem. News 27 Feb. 101/2 (heading) Pluvial régime of the torrid zone in the basin of the Atlantic Ocean. 1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xxix. 215 The east of the British Isles has a continental rather than oceanic rainfall régime. 1957 J. K. Charlesworth Quaternary Era II. xlviii. 1410 Pluvial conditions over vast areas of the world..were replaced by a régime of desiccation. 1976 Nature 23 Sept. 281/1 Raised bogs..have their own water regime, with all of the moisture supplied from the atmosphere. 2001 Austral. Jrnl. Soil Res. (Nexis) 39 861 The pluviometric regime is characterised by long episodes of widespread and moderate rainfall. 4. The set of physical conditions and influences to which a system is subject or by which it is maintained. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > moving water > [noun] > rate of entering or leaving a body regime1890 the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > quality of being systematic > systematic arrangement > a system or scheme > set of conditions for a system regime1890 1890 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1889 502 We should expect that, after the change of loads has been frequently repeated so that a cyclic régime is established, the wire will, for any value of load between the two extremes, be longer during unloading than during loading. 1920 A. Fage Airscrews xii. 176 The study of the working régime of a helicopter. 1942 Electronic Engin. 14 665/3 It has been found that the duration of this low voltage régime may be increased to..20–30 microseconds. 1978 Nature 29 June 752/1 Anemones were..maintained in circulating seawater at 10°C for 6 months before experimentation in a 12-h light and 12-h darkness regime. 1992 National Trust Mag. Spring 3/2 The changes taking place [in farming] often provide an opportunity to reappraise traditional regimes, and to introduce methods which enhance conservation. 1996 L. Talbot in S. A. Berger et al. Introd. Bioengin. ii. 122/1 It is the Reynolds number, not the sphere diameter, which determines whether the flow is in the Stokes regime. Compounds regime change n. replacement of one governing administration by another; (in later use also euphemistic) removal of a hostile foreign government, esp. by military force. ΚΠ 1925 Los Angeles Times 1 Aug. 8/4 (headline) Regime change effort denied. 1965 World Politics 17 239 Those NATO designs..would be severely compromised by regime changes in individual nations which shifted their foreign policies in a neutralist direction. 1987 Washington Post 20 Feb. a27/6 In mid-August last year, the president signed a National Security Decision Directive stating that he still sought a ‘regime change’ in Libya, and directed the CIA to conduct a campaign of ‘disinformation’. 2002 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. a1/3 Iraq's use of gas in that conflict is repeatedly mentioned..as justification for ‘regime change’ in Iraq. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1475
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