refutationn.

Brit.

/ˌrɛfjᵿˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌrɛfjəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s refutacion, 1500s– refutation; also Scottish pre-1700 refutatioun, pre-1700 refutatioune, pre-1700 refvtation.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin refūtātiōn-, refūtātiō.

Etymology: Probably < classical Latin refūtātiōn-, refūtātiō action or act of refuting < refūtāt- , past participial stem of refūtāre refute v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French refutation act of refuting, speech or text by which one refutes (1495; 1284 in Old French in sense ‘refusal to claim, action of renouncing one's rights’; French réfutation).

1. The action or an act of refuting or disproving a statement, charge, theory, etc.; rebuttal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun]

gainsayingc1330

assoilinga1382

improvingc1443

unprovingc1449

lancing1470

redarguation?c1500

confutationa1530

redargution1529

reproof1529

confusion1530

disproof1531

reprehension1531

reproving1535

refutation?1536

improbation1556

refuting1563

disproving1587

conviction1593

infringement1593

refutal1599

gainsay1602

eviction1606

convincement1612

disproval1614

confutinga1617

improof1641

confutement1645

confute1646

refute1646

disprovement1662

reviction1677

invalidatinga1716

invalidation1771

rebutment1823

rebuttal1831

disconfirmation1937

?1536 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Ryght Frutefull Epyst. Prayse of Matrymony sig. D.ii (margin) The refutation of the incommodities of maryage.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxlix^* It was answered by another boke called the Refutacion or Ouercommyng of the apollogie of the conuencion of Madrill.

1573 J. Tyrie (title) The refvtation of ane ansver made be Schir Iohne Knox, to ane letter, send be Iames Tyrie, to his vmquhyle brother.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 233 Thereby we know how to apply an Answer for the refutation, and disproofe of such a proposition.

1692 R. Bentley Confut. Atheism from Struct. & Origin Humane Bodies: Pt. II 13 An effectual refutation of his own Principles.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxiv. 22 A charge, which called immediately for the clearest refutation.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) II. xxix. 129 The idea..does not deserve a serious refutation.

1831 Encycl. Brit. III. 529/1 His [sc. Aristotle's] two treatises..are together a refutation of the erroneous doctrines in moral and political philosophy contained in Plato's political speculations.

1877 J. Northcote Catacombs i. i. 8 This might be allowed to stand as a peremptory refutation of the theory in question.

1912 B. Russell Probl. Philos. xiv. 234 All refutation must begin with some piece of knowledge which the disputants share.

1968 W. B. Vernberg in M. Florkin & B. T. Scheer Chem. Zool. II. iii. iv. 366 The results of these studies have been interpreted both in support of Child's hypothesis..and in refutation of his theory.

2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory x. 1091 The concept,..deemed too bizarre to warrant active refutation, experienced the curt and derisive dismissal reserved for crackpot ideas in science.

†2. Scottish. The military repelling of an adversary. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 267 Achai..is present with speid, with ane armie of ten thousand Scotis..to the supplie of Hung, and refutatioune of Athelstane.

Compounds

† refutation-tight adj. Obsolete irrefutable.

ΚΠ

1819 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 194 You might Make such a system refutation-tight, As far as words go.

1865 H. Neville Angle House I. 321 All of them being able to make their reasons and arguments ‘refutation tight’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	refutation
释义	refutationn. Brit. /ˌrɛfjᵿˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌrɛfjəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s refutacion, 1500s– refutation; also Scottish pre-1700 refutatioun, pre-1700 refutatioune, pre-1700 refvtation. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin refūtātiōn-, refūtātiō. Etymology: Probably < classical Latin refūtātiōn-, refūtātiō action or act of refuting < refūtāt- , past participial stem of refūtāre refute v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French refutation act of refuting, speech or text by which one refutes (1495; 1284 in Old French in sense ‘refusal to claim, action of renouncing one's rights’; French réfutation). 1. The action or an act of refuting or disproving a statement, charge, theory, etc.; rebuttal. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] gainsayingc1330 assoilinga1382 improvingc1443 unprovingc1449 lancing1470 redarguation?c1500 confutationa1530 redargution1529 reproof1529 confusion1530 disproof1531 reprehension1531 reproving1535 refutation?1536 improbation1556 refuting1563 disproving1587 conviction1593 infringement1593 refutal1599 gainsay1602 eviction1606 convincement1612 disproval1614 confutinga1617 improof1641 confutement1645 confute1646 refute1646 disprovement1662 reviction1677 invalidatinga1716 invalidation1771 rebutment1823 rebuttal1831 disconfirmation1937 ?1536 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Ryght Frutefull Epyst. Prayse of Matrymony sig. D.ii (margin) The refutation of the incommodities of maryage. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxlix^* It was answered by another boke called the Refutacion or Ouercommyng of the apollogie of the conuencion of Madrill. 1573 J. Tyrie (title) The refvtation of ane ansver made be Schir Iohne Knox, to ane letter, send be Iames Tyrie, to his vmquhyle brother. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 233 Thereby we know how to apply an Answer for the refutation, and disproofe of such a proposition. 1692 R. Bentley Confut. Atheism from Struct. & Origin Humane Bodies: Pt. II 13 An effectual refutation of his own Principles. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxiv. 22 A charge, which called immediately for the clearest refutation. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) II. xxix. 129 The idea..does not deserve a serious refutation. 1831 Encycl. Brit. III. 529/1 His [sc. Aristotle's] two treatises..are together a refutation of the erroneous doctrines in moral and political philosophy contained in Plato's political speculations. 1877 J. Northcote Catacombs i. i. 8 This might be allowed to stand as a peremptory refutation of the theory in question. 1912 B. Russell Probl. Philos. xiv. 234 All refutation must begin with some piece of knowledge which the disputants share. 1968 W. B. Vernberg in M. Florkin & B. T. Scheer Chem. Zool. II. iii. iv. 366 The results of these studies have been interpreted both in support of Child's hypothesis..and in refutation of his theory. 2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory x. 1091 The concept,..deemed too bizarre to warrant active refutation, experienced the curt and derisive dismissal reserved for crackpot ideas in science. †2. Scottish. The military repelling of an adversary. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 267 Achai..is present with speid, with ane armie of ten thousand Scotis..to the supplie of Hung, and refutatioune of Athelstane. Compounds † refutation-tight adj. Obsolete irrefutable. ΚΠ 1819 P. B. Shelley Julian & Maddalo 194 You might Make such a system refutation-tight, As far as words go. 1865 H. Neville Angle House I. 321 All of them being able to make their reasons and arguments ‘refutation tight’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1536
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