reftn.¹

Brit.

/rɛft/, U.S.

/rɛft/

Forms: late Middle English reeft, 1600s– reft.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rift n.²

Etymology: Alteration of rift n.², either after cleft n. or after reft, past participle of reave v.²

Now rare.

A rift, a fissure. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > chasm or cleft

chinec1050

earth-chinea1300

kinc1330

chimneyc1374

haga1400

riftc1400

refta1425

dungeonc1475

rupturec1487

gaping1539

rent1603

chasm1621

abrupt1624

hiulcitya1681

clove1779

score1790

strid1862

fent1878

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2661 Thanne shal thou go the dore bifore If thou maist fynde ony score Or hoole or reeft [1532 Thynne reft] what euere it were Thanne shalt thou stoupe and lay to ere.

1616 T. Adams Divine Herball 14 The drie earth parched with heate, opens it selfe in refts and cranies, as if it would deuoure the cloudes for moisture.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Foot But the greatest inconveniency in a very hard strong foot, is its being subject to refts and fissures, which cleave the hoof quite through, sometimes from the coronet down to the bottom.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 495 It..had most probably dropped into a reft, afterwards filled by stalactitic matter.

1851 H. Angus Serm. (1862) viii. 156 The mountain has been shivered..; and spiritual churches..have come out of the enormous reft.

1881 J. T. Trowbridge Home Idyl 28 In the best-wrought life there is still a reft, Something left Forever unfinished, a broken weft.

1996 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 17 June Sexuality is connected to your whole life, so if one of you is angry, there's a reft of empathy and understanding and you'll bring that to sex.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† reftn.²

Forms: pre-1700 ref, pre-1700 reft, pre-1700 reifeit (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 1700s reift.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: reif n.

Etymology: Alteration of reif n., after theft n. Compare reft , past participle of reave v.¹ Compare earlier reft adj.¹

Scottish. Obsolete. rare.

Robbery.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [noun]

reiflockOE

reiflOE

robberya1200

rapea1325

reaveryc1325

robbing1340

ravinc1384

stouthreif1493

ravenya1500

bribery1523

reft1552

pillardise1598

involationa1680

mail robbery1797

hustling1823

push1874

blag1885

rolling1895

strong-arming1948

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. *.ii^v Resetttaris [sic] of theft and reft.

1661 in P. H. Brown Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1908) 3rd Ser. I. 24 That..non..committ any masterfull reift, theft, resett of theft [etc.].

1701 Comm. Justiciary Scotl. Tryed for theft or stouth, reift or receipt thereof.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

reftadj.¹

Brit.

/rɛft/, U.S.

/rɛft/

Forms: 1500s–1600s 1800s– reft; also Scottish pre-1700 refte.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English reft , reave v.¹

Etymology: < reft, past participle of reave v.¹

Now rare.

†1. Of a thing: taken away by force. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1387 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 350/1 Refte or stollin gudis.

1532 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 124 This mater movit..in contrar Jonet Brydin..for ane reft [ed. rest] hors.

1587 T. Hughes Certaine Deuises sig. A Thy murthered corse And Dukedome reft, for heauier vengeance cries.

1637 in S. A. Gillon Sel. Justiciary Cases (1953) I. 283 The stowin and reft guidis..a pairt of thame war slane.

2. Bereft of something, bereaved. Also as the second element in compounds.

ΚΠ

1593 A. Chute Beawtie Dishonoured 39 That sun-reft-ages after posteritie, Might weepe his funeralls in complainyng teares.

1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 84 Wherefore (perforce) she rests hope-reft, contented To lose the sight of her confined heire.

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Disowned III. lx. 212 The reft and solitary mourner.

1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia III. ii. xviii. 125 Through all this the reft tigress mourned her stolen whelp.

1985 M. Larson Pawns & Symbols viii. 154 The child is kin-reft, Commander. No Theld will own her.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reftadj.²

Brit.

/rɛft/, U.S.

/rɛft/

Forms: 1700s– reft, 1800s raft.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English reft , reave v.²

Etymology: < reft, past participle of reave v.² Compare earlier reft n.¹ Compare also earlier riven adj.With the form raft compare rave v.³ (for which a past participle in -ft may have been inferred on the model of e.g. reft : see above) and its apparent etymon rave , past tense of rive v.¹

rare.

1. Split, cleft.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [adjective] > broken > split, cleft, or cracked

rivena1325

crazeda1400

cracked1503

rifty1547

slived1548

rived1581

crazen1596

sprung1597

rifted1602

sliftered1602

flawed1639

chinky1645

slaven1688

sliven1688

cracky1725

reft1763

1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 lxxx. 336 If..it should not be convenient to the farmer to get these wicker hurdles, but he should be obliged to take up with those made of reft stuff in form of a gate [etc.].

1797 Parnassian Garland 123 She now declines her head, Like the reft tree o'ercharg'd with driving snow.

1815 Mrs. Bryan Sonnets & Met. Tales 62 A time-reft tree of baneful yew.

1963 J. M. Brinnin Sel. Poems vii. 109 Riddled and reft, poor raddled skeletons.

†2. That has been torn or split off. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 19 The raft Branch down sweeping from a tall ash top.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹a1425

n.²1552

adj.¹1387

adj.²1763

单词	reft
释义	reftn.¹ Brit. /rɛft/, U.S. /rɛft/ Forms: late Middle English reeft, 1600s– reft. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: rift n.² Etymology: Alteration of rift n.², either after cleft n. or after reft, past participle of reave v.² Now rare. A rift, a fissure. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > chasm or cleft chinec1050 earth-chinea1300 kinc1330 chimneyc1374 haga1400 riftc1400 refta1425 dungeonc1475 rupturec1487 gaping1539 rent1603 chasm1621 abrupt1624 hiulcitya1681 clove1779 score1790 strid1862 fent1878 a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2661 Thanne shal thou go the dore bifore If thou maist fynde ony score Or hoole or reeft [1532 Thynne reft] what euere it were Thanne shalt thou stoupe and lay to ere. 1616 T. Adams Divine Herball 14 The drie earth parched with heate, opens it selfe in refts and cranies, as if it would deuoure the cloudes for moisture. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Foot But the greatest inconveniency in a very hard strong foot, is its being subject to refts and fissures, which cleave the hoof quite through, sometimes from the coronet down to the bottom. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 495 It..had most probably dropped into a reft, afterwards filled by stalactitic matter. 1851 H. Angus Serm. (1862) viii. 156 The mountain has been shivered..; and spiritual churches..have come out of the enormous reft. 1881 J. T. Trowbridge Home Idyl 28 In the best-wrought life there is still a reft, Something left Forever unfinished, a broken weft. 1996 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 17 June Sexuality is connected to your whole life, so if one of you is angry, there's a reft of empathy and understanding and you'll bring that to sex. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † reftn.² Forms: pre-1700 ref, pre-1700 reft, pre-1700 reifeit (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 1700s reift. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: reif n. Etymology: Alteration of reif n., after theft n. Compare reft , past participle of reave v.¹ Compare earlier reft adj.¹ Scottish. Obsolete. rare. Robbery. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [noun] reiflockOE reiflOE robberya1200 rapea1325 reaveryc1325 robbing1340 ravinc1384 stouthreif1493 ravenya1500 bribery1523 reft1552 pillardise1598 involationa1680 mail robbery1797 hustling1823 push1874 blag1885 rolling1895 strong-arming1948 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. .ii^v Resetttaris [sic] of theft and reft. 1661 in P. H. Brown Reg. Privy Council Scotl.* (1908) 3rd Ser. I. 24 That..non..committ any masterfull reift, theft, resett of theft [etc.]. 1701 Comm. Justiciary Scotl. Tryed for theft or stouth, reift or receipt thereof. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020). reftadj.¹ Brit. /rɛft/, U.S. /rɛft/ Forms: 1500s–1600s 1800s– reft; also Scottish pre-1700 refte. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English reft , reave v.¹ Etymology: < reft, past participle of reave v.¹ Now rare. †1. Of a thing: taken away by force. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1387 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 350/1 Refte or stollin gudis. 1532 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 124 This mater movit..in contrar Jonet Brydin..for ane reft [ed. rest] hors. 1587 T. Hughes Certaine Deuises sig. A Thy murthered corse And Dukedome reft, for heauier vengeance cries. 1637 in S. A. Gillon Sel. Justiciary Cases (1953) I. 283 The stowin and reft guidis..a pairt of thame war slane. 2. Bereft of something, bereaved. Also as the second element in compounds. ΚΠ 1593 A. Chute Beawtie Dishonoured 39 That sun-reft-ages after posteritie, Might weepe his funeralls in complainyng teares. 1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 84 Wherefore (perforce) she rests hope-reft, contented To lose the sight of her confined heire. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Disowned III. lx. 212 The reft and solitary mourner. 1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia III. ii. xviii. 125 Through all this the reft tigress mourned her stolen whelp. 1985 M. Larson Pawns & Symbols viii. 154 The child is kin-reft, Commander. No Theld will own her. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). reftadj.² Brit. /rɛft/, U.S. /rɛft/ Forms: 1700s– reft, 1800s raft. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English reft , reave v.² Etymology: < reft, past participle of reave v.² Compare earlier reft n.¹ Compare also earlier riven adj.With the form raft compare rave v.³ (for which a past participle in -ft may have been inferred on the model of e.g. reft : see above) and its apparent etymon rave , past tense of rive v.¹ rare. 1. Split, cleft. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [adjective] > broken > split, cleft, or cracked rivena1325 crazeda1400 cracked1503 rifty1547 slived1548 rived1581 crazen1596 sprung1597 rifted1602 sliftered1602 flawed1639 chinky1645 slaven1688 sliven1688 cracky1725 reft1763 1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 lxxx. 336 If..it should not be convenient to the farmer to get these wicker hurdles, but he should be obliged to take up with those made of reft stuff in form of a gate [etc.]. 1797 Parnassian Garland 123 She now declines her head, Like the reft tree o'ercharg'd with driving snow. 1815 Mrs. Bryan Sonnets & Met. Tales 62 A time-reft tree of baneful yew. 1963 J. M. Brinnin Sel. Poems vii. 109 Riddled and reft, poor raddled skeletons. †2. That has been torn or split off. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 19 The raft Branch down sweeping from a tall ash top. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1425n.²1552adj.¹1387adj.²1763
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reftn.1

† reftn.2

reftadj.1

reftadj.2

reftn.¹

† reftn.²

reftadj.¹

reftadj.²