refreshv.

Brit.

/rᵻˈfrɛʃ/, U.S.

/rəˈfrɛʃ/,

/riˈfrɛʃ/

Forms:

α. Middle English 1600s refrech, Middle English–1600s refresche, Middle English–1600s refreshe, Middle English–1600s refress, Middle English–1600s refresshe, late Middle English reffresch, late Middle English reffresh, late Middle English reffressch, late Middle English reffresshe, late Middle English refrecch, late Middle English refresc, late Middle English refreschsch, late Middle English refreshhe, late Middle English refressch, late Middle English refresse, late Middle English reyfrech, late Middle English–1500s refresch, late Middle English–1600s refressh, late Middle English– refresh, 1500s refreszh, 1500s refreszsh; Scottish pre-1700 rafress, pre-1700 referesch, pre-1700 refreche, pre-1700 refres, pre-1700 refresc, pre-1700 refresch, pre-1700 refresche, pre-1700 refreshe, pre-1700 refress, pre-1700 refressh, pre-1700 1700s– refresh.

β. Middle English refreische, Middle English refreissch, Middle English–1500s refreissh, late Middle English refreysche, late Middle English refreysshe, 1500s refreyshe; Scottish pre-1700 refraiche, pre-1700 refraishe.

γ. late Middle English refrish, late Middle English refrissch, late Middle English refrisshe.

δ. late Middle English refrosche, 1500s refrosh.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French refrescher, refreschir, refraischir.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman refrescher, refresscher, refreiscer, etc., Anglo-Norman and Middle French refreschir, refrechir, refreschier, etc., Middle French refraischir, etc., to restore (a person's) strength or energy by rest and food or drink (12th cent. in Old French; also reflexive), to provide with fresh supplies (of food, provisions, weapons, etc.) (14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to cool (a person or thing) (1354 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to repair (a thing) (a1371), to repeat (something) (a1389), to provide reinforcements to (a person or place) (a1393), to remember (something) (a1457) < re- re- prefix + freschir , etc. (see fresh v.); compare Middle French rafreschier, rafreschir, rafraischir, etc. (French rafraîchir) to restore (a person's) strength or energy by rest and food or drink, to reinvigorate, revive (something), to repair, to treat (an injury or wound), to repeat (something), to remember (something), to renew (something) (all 12th cent. in Old French), to make (something) fresher (c1230), to provide with fresh supplies (of food, provisions, weapons, etc.) (second half of the 13th cent.), to remind (a person of something) (a1400), (of a person or body part) to become cool (a1500), to re-enact (a law) (16th cent.), to reinvigorate (a plant, etc.) by cutting away the extremities (1600). Compare also post-classical Latin refrescare (from 13th cent. in continental sources), refriscare (from 14th cent. in British sources), Old Occitan refrescar (also refresquir), Catalan refrescar (1274), Spanish refrescar (a1250), Italian rinfrescare (a1294).In sense 4c probably after French rafraîchir (although this is apparently only recorded slightly later in this sense in dictionaries of French: 1834, but compare quot. 1824 at sense 4c).

a. transitive. To impart fresh strength or energy to (a person, the spirits, a part of the body, etc.); to reinvigorate, revive; to provide with refreshment. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]

akeleOE

restOE

comfort1303

ease1330

quickc1350

recurea1382

refresha1382

refetec1384

restorec1384

affilea1393

enforcec1400

freshc1405

revigour?a1425

recomfortc1425

recreatec1425

quicken?c1430

revive1442

cheerc1443

refection?c1450

refect1488

unweary1530

freshen1532

corroborate1541

vige?c1550

erect?1555

recollect?1560

repose1562

respite1565

rouse1574

requicken1576

animate1585

enlive1593

revify1598

inanimate1600

insinew1600

to wind up1602

vigorize1603

inspiritc1610

invigour1611

refocillate1611

revigorate1611

renovate1614

spriten1614

repaira1616

activate1624

vigour1636

enliven1644

invigorate1646

rally1650

reinvigorate1652

renerve1652

to freshen up1654

righta1656

re-enlivena1660

recruita1661

enlighten1667

revivify1675

untire1677

reanimate1694

stimulate1759

rebrace1764

refreshen1780

brisken1799

irrigate1823

tonic1825

to fresh up1835

ginger1844

spell1846

recuperate1849

binge1854

tone1859

innerve1880

fiercen1896

to tone up1896

to buck up1909

pep1912

to zip up1927

to perk up1936

to zizz up1944

hep1948

to zing up1948

juice1964

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Lament. i. 19 Þei soȝten mete to hemself þat þei refresheden [a1425 L.V. coumforte; L. refocillarent] þer soule.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 179^v Þere ben faire feldes..to refresshe and comforte eyen of hem þat ben wery in studye.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1051 (MED) A lordis hert..Schulde straungeris refresche and reconforte.

a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 9096 (MED) Her beaute shall so me refresch..Of myn Enmys this knyght woll not..sett a rych.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiii. 614 The Erll Patrik..gert with met and drink alsua Refresche thame weill.

1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. yy.ii Beddes to refresshe theyr wery lymmes.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxlviij Whiche thinge refresheth their spirites to thinke vpon.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 b Another frute..giuing a water as it were sugred and serue greatly to refresh and digest.

a1640 P. Massinger & J. Fletcher Very Woman iii. v. 97 in P. Massinger 3 New Playes (1655) This air will much refresh you.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 588 Ambrosial drink, That soon refresh'd him wearied.

1717 S. Sewall Diary 23 Sept. (1973) II. 861 I was greatly refreshed by reading..Psal. 66.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 19 I feel myself at large, Courageous, and refreshed for future toil.

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. i. i. 11 The rest will refresh you.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. iii. 25 Those [writings] that..are pleasant at the first draught, when they refresh and sparkle.

1875 J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. (1878) i. 7 A beautiful picture which thrills the heart and refreshes the eye.

1906 Times 10 May 4/5 (advt.) What doctors seek is not merely a cardiac stimulant, but something also to tone and refresh the nervous and mental system.

1971 J. P. Lash Eleanor & Franklin xliii. 510 She had to have contact with people she loved; it was her way of refreshing her spirit.

1992 K. S. Robinson Red Mars (1993) vi. 367 He slept deeply again, refreshed by the timeslip in every day, a little slack in the circadian rhythm, the body's own time off.

b. transitive (reflexive). To make oneself fresher; to restore one's strength or energy, esp. by resting, walking, having food or drink, etc. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (reflexive)]

resteOE

ease1330

roa1400

ronea1400

refreshc1405

recomfortc1425

breathea1470

unweary1530

recreate1542

aira1616

recruit1646

refect1646

regale1682

unfatigue1734

renew1783

cheer1784

delassitude1807

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1764 Som tyme dooth hem Theseus to reste Hem to refresshe and drynken if hem leste.

c1480 (a1400) St. Julian 292 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 466 Þat mornyng Iulyane was gane to þe feld hym to refres.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxxviii. f. ciii Wherfore y^e Danys..spoyled both those Townes and there refresshed theym.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N2^v There sate a knight..Himselfe refreshing with the liquid cold, After his trauell long.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V ii. ii. 37 Labour shall refresh it selfe with hope To do your Grace incessant seruice.

1655 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1899) III. 20 The next day..his Highnesse refresht himselfe with the aire in Hyde Parke.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 182. ⁋1 We shall not shortly have so much as a Landskip or Frost-Scene to refresh ourselves.

a1754 H. Fielding Jrnl. Voy. Lisbon (1755) 137 That my wife and her company might refresh themselves with the flowers and fruits with which her garden abounded.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 261 That they might have the interval of Saturday to rest, refresh themselves, and prepare for the combat.

1876 J. Saunders Lion in Path x Is there any quiet inn near, where one might rest and refresh oneself?

1926 W. de la Mare Connoisseur & Other Stories 49 My stranger in the tea shop had been refreshing himself with Osborne biscuits.

1956 P. S. Jones Afghanistan Venture xiii. 228 Suddenly feeling alarmingly faint and nauseated, I had pulled off to one side of this lonely desert road to rest and refresh myself.

1990 Connections (Sealink Brit. Ferries) Apr. 16 (advt.) Lancôme's sensuous and sparkling eau de toilette is the natural way for the busy and light-hearted woman on the move to perfume and refresh herself.

c. transitive. To revive or reinvigorate by relieving of fatigue, hunger, or some other hardship. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve of suffering

lighteOE

unbindc950

alightOE

slakea1300

deliverc1325

covera1375

lissec1374

relievea1382

allegea1425

refreshc1430

alighten1530

untaste1609

mitigate1644

disaffright1676

soothe1746

shrive1899

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1081 For pete & for gentillesse Refreschede muste he been of his distresse.

a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 3124 (MED) Of þe thrust they haue to-forn endured They were refresshed fully and recured.

c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) Prol.32 This made me..to meuve him of mysserewle his mynde to reffresshe.

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke iii. vi. 71 By reason þ^t thei wer refreshed of their extreme colde by fyre & such houses as they had deuised.

1596 Z. Jones tr. M. Barleti Hist. G. Castriot xi. 463 The battell should be deferred till such time as the souldiers were very wel refreshed of their long iorney and watching lately endured.

1640 J. Mabbe tr. M. de Cervantes Exemplarie Novells v. 254 They remained but a little more then a moneth in Cadiz, refreshing themselves of their wearinesse in their voyage.

1664 J. Bulteel Birinthea 105 Afterwards..being somewhat refreshed of that toile, he took his farewell of Gobrias.

1760 Impostors Detected II. iii. viii. 80 A sound sleep..perfectly refreshed me of the fatigues of the foregoing night.

2006 S. A. Barney et al. tr. Isidore Etymologies xv. 308/1 It is a place next to a public bath where after bathing one may be refreshed of one's hunger and thirst.

d. intransitive. To restore one's strength or energy, esp. by resting; to take refreshment in some way, esp. (in later use) in the form of an alcoholic drink. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > become refreshed or invigorated [verb (intransitive)]

to take (one's, a) breatha1398

to pull, shake oneself togethera1400

wheta1400

recomfortc1425

revigour1447

breathe1485

respirea1500

convailc1500

unweary1530

air1633

recruit1644

refresh1644

reanimate1645

invigorate1646

rally1646

to perk upa1656

renovate1660

reawake1663

freshen1694

renervate1801

recuperate1843

to recharge one's (also the) batteries1911

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor

to wet (one's) whistle, weasand, mouth, beak, beardc1386

bibc1400

to kiss the cupa1420

drawa1500

refresh1644

mug1653

bub1654

jug1681

whiffle1693

dram1740

wet1783

to suck (also sup) the monkey1785

stimulate1800

lush1811

taste1823

liquor1839

oil1841

paint1853

irrigate1856

nip1858

smile1858

peg1874

gargle1889

shicker1906

stop1924

bevvy1934

1644 G. Dudley True Copie Let. Prince Rupert 5 About two of the clock in the morning,..we drew into Quarters to refresh.

1686 S. Broë tr. Relation Invasion & Conquest of Florida xvii. 85 Having refreshed in that place for the space of three weeks, he set out for Tascaluca.

1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer i. i. 9 Tell her, That I shall only refresh a little, and wait on her.

1777 Earl of Chatham Speech 2 Dec. in Hansard's Parl. Hist. (1814) XIX. 476 Not men sufficient to man the works, while those fatigued with service and watching go to refresh, eat, or sleep.

1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 612 Working this way for three weeks, and then refreshing for about one.

1895 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 396 Young men..danced and perspired and refreshed.

1910 D. W. Bone Brassbounder ix. 116 We would go to a..coffee-house... There we would refresh and exchange ship news with ‘men’ from other ships.

2005 P. A. Breinburg Instead of Roses & Rings xvi. 178 Quickly, they refreshed and dressed.

a. transitive. To maintain in or restore to a certain condition by providing a fresh supply of something; to replenish.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > stock (a place, etc.) with something > re-stock

restorea1375

refresha1398

refurnish1531

replete1614

recruita1661

restocka1680

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 156 To renewe and refresshe pondes, fresshe watir is ladde and y-brouȝt by goters, conduytz, and pipes.

c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 78 Let hit lye þreo dayes..& on þe þridde day, ȝef hit be nede, refresshe hit wyþ newe.

1569 J. Hawkins Voy. (1878) 80 We determined there to refresh our water, and so..to take the Sea.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. x. 105 A small fire continued, heats more, then a greater that lastes but little, especially if there be any thing to refresh it.

1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) xx. 336 He and Dubravius and all others advise, that you make choice of such a place for your Pond, that it may be refresht with a little rill, or with rain water, running or falling into it.

1746 Addison's Dial. Medals (new ed.) 244 The King's coffers have been often reduced to the lowest ebb, but have still been seasonably refreshed by frequent and unexpected supplies from the Spanish America.

1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. vii. 439 The fire may be diminshed a little before they [sc. hops] are turned, and refreshed again afterwards.

1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 19 Batteries such as those described..will remain in constant action for a month... At the expiration of a month it becomes necessary to refresh them.

1895 W. C. Scully Kafir Stories 26 They went into the hut, and they refreshed the fire.

1928 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 20 July 10 (advt.) Pure silk Hose of fine quality. Refresh your supply by the addition of several pairs.

1974 ‘J. le Carré’ Tinker, Tailor xxxi. 265 Rising, he briskly refreshed Jim's drink, then sat again.

2005 J. Brown & F. W. Golden Frommer's Alaska Cruises iv. 53 Numerous contractors..come aboard on turnaround days to refresh flowers, service machinery, and perform other needed functions.

b. transitive. Chiefly Nautical. To restock; to provide with fresh supplies. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > afresh

refreshc1404

c1404 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 35 (MED) Al Caernaruan shire purposin..for to haue owte..al the catel there..leste Englishemen shulde be refreshitte therwith.

1458 J. Bokkyng in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 169 I haue desirid hym to meve þe Counsell for refreshing of þe toun of Yermowth with stuff of ordnance and gonnes and gonne powdre.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. i. f. 1^v To the intente there to refreshe his shyppes with freshe water and fuell.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 16 Let him prouide to be first refreshed with victuals.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 6 Sierra Leoon, a place in Afrique,..famous for refreshing that aduenturous Captaine Sir Francis Drake.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiv. 394 Any Ship in distress may be refreshed and recruited here.

1756 A. Collins Peerage (ed. 3) I. ii. 625 They..refresh'd the garrison..with victuals and money.

1790 C. J. A. Hereford Hist. France III. xliv. 265 Having refreshed his fleet at the Danish settlement of Tranquebar, he proceeded from thence to Cuddalore.

1803 Monthly Rev. Nov. 323 We must..maintain a powerful fleet in the Mediterranean. That measure requires, in its turn, the means of refitting and refreshing our fleet.

1854 O. Oldfellow Youth's Galaxy 184/1 Magellan steered for the Canary Isles; refreshed the vessels at Teneriffe.

2002 E. Elbourne Blood Ground 9 European merchants were already using the Cape to refresh the ships which plied a regular long-distance sea trade between western Europe and Asia.

†c. transitive. To provide with reinforcements. With with or (occasionally) of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > reinforce

enforce1340

stuffc1400

renforce?1473

relieve1487

supply1487

refreshc1500

ranforce1547

strengthen1548

re-enforce1579

reinforce1589

seconda1609

recrew1637

recruit1642

c1500 Melusine (1895) 121 Syn the paynemyes have refresshed themself twyes of new folke.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. av I may refresch yow with folk to feght gif you nedis With thretty thousand tald.

1557 in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1681) II. Records ii. 320 They return again to fetch more, always to refresh their camp with fresh souldiers, in the lieu of such as be perished.

1607 E. Grimeston tr. Gen. Inuentorie Hist. France ii. 535 Our men are now victualed for fifteene daies, but they haue neede of rest, and the place to be refresshed with men.

1683 J. Bulteel tr. F. E. de Mézeray Gen. Chronol. Hist. France Index sig. iii^v The D. of Guise refreshes with Men and Ammunition the City of Peronne.

a1829 B. St. Leger Froissart & his Times (1832) III. iii. 45 Send word to the French King what case we be in, so that this summer he may refresh us with new men.

d. intransitive. Nautical. To lay in fresh supplies; to restock. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply [verb (intransitive)] > specific oneself > renew supplies

resupply1579

refresh1625

refit1652

restock1735

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes 1836 Not being able to recouer the said Riuer, [they] were constrayned to refresh in the West Indies.

1685 N. Crouch Eng. Empire in Amer. i. 5 One of the Canary Islands, where having refresht, after many days, they encountered the Sea.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 157 It was not the most eligible place for a ship to refresh at.

1773 S. Wallis Acct. Voy. round World ii, in J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere I. 387 I sent off the boats to sound, and found that there was..close by the Cape a good harbour, where a ship might refresh with more safety than at Port Famine.

1837 F. Marryat in New Monthly Mag. Aug. 499 After a favourable passage, the fleet anchored to refresh at Table Bay.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xli. 411 It had been determined..that we should refresh at Whale Fish Islands.

1997 G. Daws in J. Stanton Hawai'i Anthol. 123 He dropped down in the winter months to refit and refresh at the islands and peddle guns to the chiefs.

a. transitive. To restore to a fresh or bright condition; to brighten or clean up; to give a fresh or new appearance to. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew

newOE

freshc1300

renovela1325

renewa1382

renulec1384

refreshc1425

repairc1425

anewc1440

ennew1523

renovatea1555

renove1588

regenerate1607

righta1656

reficiate1657

freshen1710

refreshen1780

to fresh up1831

recondition1857

renovize1932

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 5740 (MED) Naxyens don her besynesse To serue Bachus..Whos licour is moste precious and fyn To..refresche hewes þat ben fade In facis pale.

c1450 J. Lydgate Compl. Black Knight 103 This welle..wolde..evermore refresshe the visage Of hem that were in any werinesse.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 9215 He..wesshed hym anone, Refresshing his face for facyng of teres.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 932/2 The conduit was newlie painted, and all the armes and angels refreshed.

1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. B7 As vaded glosse no rubbing will refresh..So beauty blemisht once, for euer lost.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 111 I have endeavoured to refresh the Image of the Saxon Common-weale; the more curious lineaments being now disfigured by time.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 451 The rest refresh the scaly Snakes, that fold The Shield of Pallas; and renew their Gold.

1739 C. Cibber Apol. for Life xiv. 361 He would order two or three Suits to be made, or refresh'd, for Actors of moderate Consequence.

1779 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XIV. 163 He mentioned several instances of the hospital revenue having been wasted in alterations and unnecessary repairs, particularly in expending 1000l. in the cleaning and refreshing the paintings in the hall.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 113 The old hat looked smarter;..the lace had been refreshed.

1856 R. W. Emerson Poems (ed. 5) 191 Refresh the faded tints, Recut the aged prints.

1942 Times 30 Dec. 2/6 A visit to St. James's Theatre will not much tarnish the picture: it may even refresh its colour.

1964 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 20 Sept. w6/1 (advt.) Colors to cover gray, to refresh faded hair, to tone bleached hair!

2006 M. Kaufman Organize It! vi. 96 This may be a good time to refresh interior walls and shelving with a new coat of paint.

b. transitive. To expose a fresh surface of (something) by cutting; (in later use Surgery) to trim (the edges of a wound) to promote healing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew > specifically a surface by cutting

refresh1658

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > other surgical practices > perform other surgical practices [verb (transitive)] > make fresh surface for operating

refresh1846

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 66 Nor can the graffe joyn to its trunk unlesse the rinde be refreshed, and cut to the quick with the knife.

1675 C. Cotton Planters Man. 47 You must also refresh the roots with the Pruning-knife.

1785 W. Marshall Planting & Ornamental Gardening 129 The stools being cleared of all straggling branches, and refreshed with a knife, they will make strong shoots for a second operation by the autumn next ensuing.

1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 336 We shall say nothing of refreshing the edges by means of a blister.

1880 W. MacCormac Antiseptic Surg. 208 The distal and proximate ends of the gut were now ‘refreshed’, and the margins accurately united with sutures.

1986 B. B. Broughton Dict. Medieval Knighthood & Chivalry 484 In old wounds the edges should be cleansed, desiccated if required to refresh the edges.

2006 H. Seegenschmiedt in M. Sternemann et al. Controv. in Treatm. Skin Neoplasias 114 (table) Possibly surgical debridement (for necrotic parts) and refreshing wound edges.

a. transitive. Of water, air, etc.: to impart freshness to (a place, person, or thing) by cooling or wetting. Also intransitive.Sometimes with suggestion of sense 1a.

ΚΠ

c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) iv. 199 (MED) It [sc. the name of Jesus] is the well with the foure stremes..That thorughe the worlde refressheth al Remys.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xliii. 22 Whan a dew commeth vpon the heate, it shalbe refreszshed agayne.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. i. 69 b The snow..serueth in whotte weather to refreshe..his drinke.

1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xliii. 22 A dew comming after heate, refresheth .

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 373 In this Countrey it never rains, snows, or thunders, nor anything that may refresh it.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 61 Moisture then abounds, and Pearly Rains Descend in Silence to refresh the Plains.

1727 D. Defoe Evident Advantages Great Brit. iv. 33 The Heats excessive, airless, and not refresh'd with Land Breezes.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 193 The neighbourhood of the mountains constantly refreshes this city in the heats of summer with a cool evening breeze.

1824 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. vii. 239 In the evening the atmosphere is never sufficiently refreshed to be enjoyable till about a quarter after dark.

a1855 C. Brontë Professor (1857) II. xix. 41 I took, my time; for the afternoon, though cloudy, was very sultry, and not a breeze stirred to refresh the atmosphere.

1918 Orange County (Middletown, N.Y.) Times-Press 24 Sept. 2/2 The copious September rains have greatly refreshed the fields and lawns which, in some instances, were in a dying condition.

1979 A. Gray Unlikely Stories (1984) 124 The air was stifling, but not to me. Adoda and the chef plied their fans and the doctor refreshed me with a fine mist of cool water.

1998 S. Mackay Artist's Widow (1999) v. 32 Last night's shower had refreshed the garden and..the day promised to be less enervatingly humid than it had been for the last week.

†b. transitive. figurative. To cool (desire). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. Deuot Prayers 17 b Refraiche thairfor, o lord, my concupiscence with the vatter of thy grace.

c. transitive. Cookery. To plunge (cooked vegetables, herbs, etc.) into cold water as part of the cooking process.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > plunge in cold water

refresh1877

1824 A. B. Beauvilliers Art French Cookery 19 Take some very green parsley leaves, blanch and refresh them, and throw them into a search.

1877 E. S. Dallas Kettner's Bk. of Table 45 Some..prefer to eat them [sc. asparagus] with oil and vinegar. In this case they are, as the French say, to be refreshed with cold water.

1972 Guardian 18 Aug. 11/3 Lasagne... Boil the pasta for ten minutes then drain and run under the cold tap, and drain again... Cannelloni: these are boiled like lasagne, and refreshed in the same way.

2003 M. Ashkenazi & J. Jacob Food Culture in Japan iii. 99 One common method is to refresh blanched vegetables by quickly plunging them into cold water.

†5. transitive. To restore, renovate (a building or part of a building). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew > refurbish

refresh1468

recoct1562

repolish1577

furbish1587

vamp1599

interpolate1623

vamp1632

new-vampa1640

revamp1803

refurbish1824

to fig up1825

rehabilitate1878

face-lift1939

refurb1970

1468 Burgh Court Bk. Newburgh f. 34 The hows to be rafressit agane & rastoryth in the same chynde that he fand yt in.

c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 531 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 417 A prest..thocht he wald a kyrk refresch,..þe quhilk sic ned had of mending, þat it was nere þe done-cummyng.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xlv^v The kyng..repaired the walles, fortefied the bulwarkes refresshed the rampiers.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 5 There be very fair Lodgyns in the Castel. And as I hard Catarine of Spaine did great Costs in late tyme of refresching of it.

1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) I. 749/2 In the meane time the Citizens laboured all night in repairing and refreshing the wals, to make all things sure against the next assault.

a. transitive. To renew, revive; to cause to begin or come into existence again.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > to flourishing condition

recovera1425

recreatec1425

renewc1450

revivea1500

resuscitate1532

refresh1533

retrieve1652

revirginize1852

revigorate1886

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. 104/21 The turmis..refreschit the batell in all partis.

1581 W. Fowler Answer Hammiltoun Sig. Ej That..tha things quhilk he teachit..micht be refreschit in thair harts.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 263 When he refreshed many Errours formerly condemned, concerning the Holy Ghost.

1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 3 They have refreshed their Alliance with the Gods by the Fabulous Nativity of Romulus.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 160 He blushingly own'd, that no good was to be expected from it, unless I took in hand to re-excite it's languid, loitering powers, by just refreshing the smart of the yet recent, blood-raw cuts.

1933 Amer. Anthropologist 35 159 Virtually daily contact during a semester led to a deeper acquaintance, henceforth maintained by an intermittent correspondence and refreshed at the Hamburg Congress in 1930.

1961 Denton (Texas) Rec.-Chron. 4 Aug. 6/4 Dean Rusk..said Chen's talks with President Kennedy and other U.S. leaders had ‘refreshed our alliance’.

1999 G. Lewis White Rebel ix. 160 All this amid rumours that Adams would call early elections to refresh his mandate.

b. transitive. To stimulate or jog (a person's memory), esp. by checking or going over previous information. Also occasionally: to remind (a person).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > remind [phrase]

to put (a person) in minda1500

to put (something) into (also in) a person's head1539

refresh1542

to put (a person) in the head of1561

to jog the memory1778

to ring a bell1933

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.ii Moderate slepe..doth acuate, quycken, & refressheth the memory.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 314 The occasion of this present time is sufficient to admonish us thereof, and to refresh our memorie?

1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour i. ii. 8 But you, I see, Take care still to refresh my memory.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A4 For before I enter'd on my Voyage I took care to refresh my Memory among the Classic Authors.

1789 F. Burney Diary 26 Aug. (1842) V. 60 I did not refresh his memory with the severities he practised in that marine education.

1825 C. Lamb in London Mag. July 377 He was to be seen trudging about upon this man's errand.., jogging this witness, refreshing that solicitor.

1826 T. Jefferson Let. 24 June in Writings (1984) 1517 For ourselves, let the annual return of this day forever refresh our recollections of these rights, and an undiminished devotion to them.

1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lxx. 270 I have had some trouble to refresh my memory as to all the particulars.

1926 J. M. Manly Some New Light on Chaucer 227 How vivid and individual a figure she is I need not remind you, but I should like to refresh your recollection by recalling some of the details.

1979 S. Levenkron Best Little Girl in World v. 51 Maybe you better refresh my memory about it.

2007 Express (Nexis) 7 Dec. 13 All the Labour politicians knew the rules. A phone call would have refreshed their memories.

c. transitive. To revise or update (one's knowledge or skills), now esp. through training or educational courses (cf. refresher n. Compounds 1). Also of training, etc.: to impart new or updated skills to (a person).In quot. 1781 as an extended use of sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > [verb (transitive)] > relearn

to rub up1613

relearn1694

refresh1781

to brush up1788

1781 Let. to King on Subj. New Institut. 21 Here will these Gentlemen constantly find a place, where they may refresh their knowledge, or quaff still larger draughts at the fountainhead of genuine unadulterated Science.

1812 Q. Rev. June 444 Grown gentlemen, who wish to refresh their knowledge of Greek.

1860 E. Gilpin Memorial H. D. Gilpin 198 He refreshed his knowledge of antiquity, which had been derived from books, by navigating the ancient Nile.

1934 N.Y. Times 4 Mar. (Mag. section) 9/4 Many seek to continue education interrupted in youth: to create new or refresh old vocational skills, to ‘keep up with the times’.

1942 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 15 356 Preëmployment refresher courses originally intended for refreshing those with ‘rusty’ skills are gradually turning into courses for inexperienced youth.

1993 ‘A. McNab’ Bravo Two Zero (1994) i. 15 Some of us needed to refresh our skills a bit swiftly with explosives, movement with vehicles, and map-reading in desert conditions.

2002 Big Issue 17 June 44/2 I plan to do a computer course at the Foundation to refresh my IT skills.

7. transitive. Computing and Electronics To renew or update (stored data, as an image, information, etc.), especially in volatile or other memory; to renew or update (data displayed for viewing). Also intransitive: to be renewed or updated in this way.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > database > use data [verb (transitive)] > renew

refresh1957

1957 K. Leendert Brit. Patent 780,030 1/1 In said other types of recording system the information stored in each cell must be read within a rather short time to be rewritten. Thus each element of information is constantly refreshed.

1969 Computers & Biomed. Res. 2 524 The real-time computer clock is set to give an interrupt every 40 msec, and the picture is refreshed on every interrupt.

1977 A. P. Malvino Digital Computer Electronics vii. 180 Because capacitor charge leaks off, the stored data must be refreshed every few milliseconds.

1988 Dr. Dobb's Jrnl. (Electronic ed.) May The Motorola 68030..can fetch both instructions and data from on-chip caches, refresh the caches from offchip memory, and ready the address for an off-chip fetch, all in parallel.

1991 Photography (Brit. Inst. Professional Photogr.) Oct. 39/4 Everything happens in realtime..with no lengthy waiting for the screen to refresh or the computer to process the files.

1996 Web Developer Spring 10/2 It is only necessary to refresh the current area occupied by the graphic, and not the entire background image.

2003 Wired July 84/1 The OLED viewfinder refreshes 1,000 times faster than an LCD and has a 165-degree viewing angle.

Derivatives

reˈfreshed adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [adjective] > refreshed or invigorated

fresha1387

refetc1400

breatheda1425

refect?a1425

restedc1425

well-rested1525

refreshed1552

enlivened1640

renovated1650

invigorate1720

refreshened1764

recreated1832

reanimated1871

reanimate1885

pepped-up1916

perked-up1930

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Refreshed, Interpolis.

1646 Mem. Occurrences D ij His daily refreshed memory.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. iii. 175 After this little devotional interlude my refreshed reader may accompany me with new vigour.

1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Sept. 587/2 The numbers and the refreshed vigour which Bonaparte will be able to pour into Spain.

1871 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera I. xi They came out in a highly refreshed state.

1976 Physics Bull. July 298/3 If one has stored a complete waveform then it might be desirable to scan through this using a refreshed (as opposed to a storage) CRT which can show any desired part of the trace.

1992 Food & Wine Feb. 58/1 Spanish preparations that combine refreshed salt cod, or bacalao, with sweet red peppers, garlic, and olive oil.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	refresh
释义	refreshn. Brit. /rᵻˈfrɛʃ/, U.S. /rəˈfrɛʃ/, /riˈfrɛʃ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: refresh v. Etymology: < refresh v. Compare Catalan refresc (1486), Spanish refresco (16th cent. or earlier), Portuguese refresco (15th cent.), Italian rinfresco (second half of the 16th cent.). †1. The action of refreshing something; refreshment. Also: renewal of supplies. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] heartingOE coolingc1350 refreshinga1382 recreationa1393 easement?a1400 rehetinga1400 freshing1422 refrigery?a1425 refectionc1450 refreshmenta1470 refrigeration1502 corroborating1530 recreating1538 comfortation1543 repast1546 rousing?a1563 refocillation1570 refresh1592 inanimationa1631 recruita1643 irrigationa1660 quicking1661 invigoration1662 reinvigoration1663 recuperation1703 rally1826 recruiting1840 energizing1841 recreance1842 inspiriting1846 animation1855 recruitment1862 inspiritment1886 pepping up1916 the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > action of providing or supplying > renewal of supplies refresh1592 recruit1650 replenishment1716 restocking1805 refill1883 restockage1884 1592 S. Daniel Delia 46 Beautie..is like the morning dewe, Whose short refresh vppon the tender greene: Cheeres for a time. 1615 S. Daniel Hymens Triumph in Poems (1717) 133 Render sweet Refresh Unto his weary Senses, whilst he rests. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xvii. 114 The Indians helped one another to unload and load the mule that came of refresh. †2. colloquial. A refreshment taken by a person, esp. an alcoholic drink. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught shenchc950 drinkc1000 draughtc1200 beveragec1390 napa1450 potation1479–81 potionc1484 slaker?1518 glut1541 pocill1572 adipson1601 go-down1614 slash1614 gulf1674 libation1751 meridian1771 sinda1774 sling1788 mahogany1791 a shove in the mouth1821 nooner1836 quencher1841 refresh1851 slackener1861 squencher1871 refreshener1888 refresher1922 maiden's blush1941 maiden's water1975 1851 H. S. Thirlway Jrnl. 8 Aug. (1996) x. 83 After having a refresh at No. 9, Brownlow, Holburn, I walked down to see my aunt. 1884 Telegraphist Jan. 27/2 A man may be compared to a battery when he gets a ‘refresh’. 3. Computing and Electronics The process of renewing or updating the image, information, etc., displayed on a computer screen, cathode ray tube, etc., or of renewing data stored in volatile memory; an instance of this.Earliest in refresh rate n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > storage > renew refresh1965 society > computing and information technology > hardware > peripherals > [noun] > monitor > display or screen > renewal refresh1965 1965 U.S. Patent 3,184,753 5 The persistence of phosphor 80 is such that the refresh rate of the information writing system..provides substantially continuous phosphor-generated illumination to be received by the photoemissive material. 1977 Sci. Amer. June 57/2 (advt.) Every [memory] board is fast. With ‘hidden refresh’ and no ‘wait state’. 1993 Compute Jan. 26/3 The result: virtually instantaneous screen refreshes in any application, including the most sophisticated CAD program. 2004 R. K. Iyer in R. Jacquart Building Information Soc. 136 The Read-Around Ratio,..the number of times a cell's neighbors could be bombarded between refreshes without altering the cell's contents. Compounds C1. attributive in sense 3. ΚΠ 1967 Technol. Week 20 Feb. 22/3 The complete refresh memory is made up of 16 parallel magnetostrictive delay-line loops that store all of the picture elements for one frame. 1972 D. Lewin Theory & Design Digital Computers vii. 264 To produce a steady picture on the CRT the contents of the display file must be periodically cycled through..and passed to the display unit; this procedure is known as the refresh cycle. 1977 J. C. Boyce Digital Computer Fund. viii. 211 Typically the refresh operation must be performed about every 2 milliseconds. C2. refresh rate n. the frequency with which a computer monitor or similar screen display is repainted, usually expressed in hertz. ΚΠ 1965Refresh rate [see sense 3]. 2005 Digit* Oct. 117/2 On CRT monitors, a low refresh rate..implies flicker, a major cause of eyestrain. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). refreshv. Brit. /rᵻˈfrɛʃ/, U.S. /rəˈfrɛʃ/, /riˈfrɛʃ/ Forms: α. Middle English 1600s refrech, Middle English–1600s refresche, Middle English–1600s refreshe, Middle English–1600s refress, Middle English–1600s refresshe, late Middle English reffresch, late Middle English reffresh, late Middle English reffressch, late Middle English reffresshe, late Middle English refrecch, late Middle English refresc, late Middle English refreschsch, late Middle English refreshhe, late Middle English refressch, late Middle English refresse, late Middle English reyfrech, late Middle English–1500s refresch, late Middle English–1600s refressh, late Middle English– refresh, 1500s refreszh, 1500s refreszsh; Scottish pre-1700 rafress, pre-1700 referesch, pre-1700 refreche, pre-1700 refres, pre-1700 refresc, pre-1700 refresch, pre-1700 refresche, pre-1700 refreshe, pre-1700 refress, pre-1700 refressh, pre-1700 1700s– refresh. β. Middle English refreische, Middle English refreissch, Middle English–1500s refreissh, late Middle English refreysche, late Middle English refreysshe, 1500s refreyshe; Scottish pre-1700 refraiche, pre-1700 refraishe. γ. late Middle English refrish, late Middle English refrissch, late Middle English refrisshe. δ. late Middle English refrosche, 1500s refrosh. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French refrescher, refreschir, refraischir. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman refrescher, refresscher, refreiscer, etc., Anglo-Norman and Middle French refreschir, refrechir, refreschier, etc., Middle French refraischir, etc., to restore (a person's) strength or energy by rest and food or drink (12th cent. in Old French; also reflexive), to provide with fresh supplies (of food, provisions, weapons, etc.) (14th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to cool (a person or thing) (1354 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to repair (a thing) (a1371), to repeat (something) (a1389), to provide reinforcements to (a person or place) (a1393), to remember (something) (a1457) < re- re- prefix + freschir , etc. (see fresh v.); compare Middle French rafreschier, rafreschir, rafraischir, etc. (French rafraîchir) to restore (a person's) strength or energy by rest and food or drink, to reinvigorate, revive (something), to repair, to treat (an injury or wound), to repeat (something), to remember (something), to renew (something) (all 12th cent. in Old French), to make (something) fresher (c1230), to provide with fresh supplies (of food, provisions, weapons, etc.) (second half of the 13th cent.), to remind (a person of something) (a1400), (of a person or body part) to become cool (a1500), to re-enact (a law) (16th cent.), to reinvigorate (a plant, etc.) by cutting away the extremities (1600). Compare also post-classical Latin refrescare (from 13th cent. in continental sources), refriscare (from 14th cent. in British sources), Old Occitan refrescar (also refresquir), Catalan refrescar (1274), Spanish refrescar (a1250), Italian rinfrescare (a1294).In sense 4c probably after French rafraîchir (although this is apparently only recorded slightly later in this sense in dictionaries of French: 1834, but compare quot. 1824 at sense 4c). 1. a. transitive. To impart fresh strength or energy to (a person, the spirits, a part of the body, etc.); to reinvigorate, revive; to provide with refreshment. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)] akeleOE restOE comfort1303 ease1330 quickc1350 recurea1382 refresha1382 refetec1384 restorec1384 affilea1393 enforcec1400 freshc1405 revigour?a1425 recomfortc1425 recreatec1425 quicken?c1430 revive1442 cheerc1443 refection?c1450 refect1488 unweary1530 freshen1532 corroborate1541 vige?c1550 erect?1555 recollect?1560 repose1562 respite1565 rouse1574 requicken1576 animate1585 enlive1593 revify1598 inanimate1600 insinew1600 to wind up1602 vigorize1603 inspiritc1610 invigour1611 refocillate1611 revigorate1611 renovate1614 spriten1614 repaira1616 activate1624 vigour1636 enliven1644 invigorate1646 rally1650 reinvigorate1652 renerve1652 to freshen up1654 righta1656 re-enlivena1660 recruita1661 enlighten1667 revivify1675 untire1677 reanimate1694 stimulate1759 rebrace1764 refreshen1780 brisken1799 irrigate1823 tonic1825 to fresh up1835 ginger1844 spell1846 recuperate1849 binge1854 tone1859 innerve1880 fiercen1896 to tone up1896 to buck up1909 pep1912 to zip up1927 to perk up1936 to zizz up1944 hep1948 to zing up1948 juice1964 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Lament. i. 19 Þei soȝten mete to hemself þat þei refresheden [a1425 L.V. coumforte; L. refocillarent] þer soule. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 179^v Þere ben faire feldes..to refresshe and comforte eyen of hem þat ben wery in studye. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1051 (MED) A lordis hert..Schulde straungeris refresche and reconforte. a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 9096 (MED) Her beaute shall so me refresch..Of myn Enmys this knyght woll not..sett a rych. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiii. 614 The Erll Patrik..gert with met and drink alsua Refresche thame weill. 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. yy.ii Beddes to refresshe theyr wery lymmes. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxlviij Whiche thinge refresheth their spirites to thinke vpon. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 b Another frute..giuing a water as it were sugred and serue greatly to refresh and digest. a1640 P. Massinger & J. Fletcher Very Woman iii. v. 97 in P. Massinger 3 New Playes (1655) This air will much refresh you. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 588 Ambrosial drink, That soon refresh'd him wearied. View more context for this quotation 1717 S. Sewall Diary 23 Sept. (1973) II. 861 I was greatly refreshed by reading..Psal. 66. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 19 I feel myself at large, Courageous, and refreshed for future toil. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. i. i. 11 The rest will refresh you. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. iii. 25 Those [writings] that..are pleasant at the first draught, when they refresh and sparkle. 1875 J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. (1878) i. 7 A beautiful picture which thrills the heart and refreshes the eye. 1906 Times 10 May 4/5 (advt.) What doctors seek is not merely a cardiac stimulant, but something also to tone and refresh the nervous and mental system. 1971 J. P. Lash Eleanor & Franklin xliii. 510 She had to have contact with people she loved; it was her way of refreshing her spirit. 1992 K. S. Robinson Red Mars (1993) vi. 367 He slept deeply again, refreshed by the timeslip in every day, a little slack in the circadian rhythm, the body's own time off. b. transitive (reflexive). To make oneself fresher; to restore one's strength or energy, esp. by resting, walking, having food or drink, etc. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (reflexive)] resteOE ease1330 roa1400 ronea1400 refreshc1405 recomfortc1425 breathea1470 unweary1530 recreate1542 aira1616 recruit1646 refect1646 regale1682 unfatigue1734 renew1783 cheer1784 delassitude1807 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1764 Som tyme dooth hem Theseus to reste Hem to refresshe and drynken if hem leste. c1480 (a1400) St. Julian 292 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 466 Þat mornyng Iulyane was gane to þe feld hym to refres. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxxviii. f. ciii Wherfore y^e Danys..spoyled both those Townes and there refresshed theym. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N2^v There sate a knight..Himselfe refreshing with the liquid cold, After his trauell long. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V ii. ii. 37 Labour shall refresh it selfe with hope To do your Grace incessant seruice. 1655 in C. H. Firth Clarke Papers (1899) III. 20 The next day..his Highnesse refresht himselfe with the aire in Hyde Parke. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 182. ⁋1 We shall not shortly have so much as a Landskip or Frost-Scene to refresh ourselves. a1754 H. Fielding Jrnl. Voy. Lisbon (1755) 137 That my wife and her company might refresh themselves with the flowers and fruits with which her garden abounded. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 261 That they might have the interval of Saturday to rest, refresh themselves, and prepare for the combat. 1876 J. Saunders Lion in Path x Is there any quiet inn near, where one might rest and refresh oneself? 1926 W. de la Mare Connoisseur & Other Stories 49 My stranger in the tea shop had been refreshing himself with Osborne biscuits. 1956 P. S. Jones Afghanistan Venture xiii. 228 Suddenly feeling alarmingly faint and nauseated, I had pulled off to one side of this lonely desert road to rest and refresh myself. 1990 Connections (Sealink Brit. Ferries) Apr. 16 (advt.) Lancôme's sensuous and sparkling eau de toilette is the natural way for the busy and light-hearted woman on the move to perfume and refresh herself. c. transitive. To revive or reinvigorate by relieving of fatigue, hunger, or some other hardship. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > relieve of suffering lighteOE unbindc950 alightOE slakea1300 deliverc1325 covera1375 lissec1374 relievea1382 allegea1425 refreshc1430 alighten1530 untaste1609 mitigate1644 disaffright1676 soothe1746 shrive1899 c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1081 For pete & for gentillesse Refreschede muste he been of his distresse. a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 3124 (MED) Of þe thrust they haue to-forn endured They were refresshed fully and recured. c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) Prol.32 This made me..to meuve him of mysserewle his mynde to reffresshe. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke iii. vi. 71 By reason þ^t thei wer refreshed of their extreme colde by fyre & such houses as they had deuised. 1596 Z. Jones tr. M. Barleti Hist. G. Castriot xi. 463 The battell should be deferred till such time as the souldiers were very wel refreshed of their long iorney and watching lately endured. 1640 J. Mabbe tr. M. de Cervantes Exemplarie Novells v. 254 They remained but a little more then a moneth in Cadiz, refreshing themselves of their wearinesse in their voyage. 1664 J. Bulteel Birinthea 105 Afterwards..being somewhat refreshed of that toile, he took his farewell of Gobrias. 1760 Impostors Detected II. iii. viii. 80 A sound sleep..perfectly refreshed me of the fatigues of the foregoing night. 2006 S. A. Barney et al. tr. Isidore Etymologies xv. 308/1 It is a place next to a public bath where after bathing one may be refreshed of one's hunger and thirst. d. intransitive. To restore one's strength or energy, esp. by resting; to take refreshment in some way, esp. (in later use) in the form of an alcoholic drink. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > become refreshed or invigorated [verb (intransitive)] to take (one's, a) breatha1398 to pull, shake oneself togethera1400 wheta1400 recomfortc1425 revigour1447 breathe1485 respirea1500 convailc1500 unweary1530 air1633 recruit1644 refresh1644 reanimate1645 invigorate1646 rally1646 to perk upa1656 renovate1660 reawake1663 freshen1694 renervate1801 recuperate1843 to recharge one's (also the) batteries1911 the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor to wet (one's) whistle, weasand, mouth, beak, beardc1386 bibc1400 to kiss the cupa1420 drawa1500 refresh1644 mug1653 bub1654 jug1681 whiffle1693 dram1740 wet1783 to suck (also sup) the monkey1785 stimulate1800 lush1811 taste1823 liquor1839 oil1841 paint1853 irrigate1856 nip1858 smile1858 peg1874 gargle1889 shicker1906 stop1924 bevvy1934 1644 G. Dudley True Copie Let. Prince Rupert 5 About two of the clock in the morning,..we drew into Quarters to refresh. 1686 S. Broë tr. Relation Invasion & Conquest of Florida xvii. 85 Having refreshed in that place for the space of three weeks, he set out for Tascaluca. 1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer i. i. 9 Tell her, That I shall only refresh a little, and wait on her. 1777 Earl of Chatham Speech 2 Dec. in Hansard's Parl. Hist. (1814) XIX. 476 Not men sufficient to man the works, while those fatigued with service and watching go to refresh, eat, or sleep. 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 612 Working this way for three weeks, and then refreshing for about one. 1895 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 396 Young men..danced and perspired and refreshed. 1910 D. W. Bone Brassbounder ix. 116 We would go to a..coffee-house... There we would refresh and exchange ship news with ‘men’ from other ships. 2005 P. A. Breinburg Instead of Roses & Rings xvi. 178 Quickly, they refreshed and dressed. 2. a. transitive. To maintain in or restore to a certain condition by providing a fresh supply of something; to replenish. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > stock (a place, etc.) with something > re-stock restorea1375 refresha1398 refurnish1531 replete1614 recruita1661 restocka1680 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 156 To renewe and refresshe pondes, fresshe watir is ladde and y-brouȝt by goters, conduytz, and pipes. c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 78 Let hit lye þreo dayes..& on þe þridde day, ȝef hit be nede, refresshe hit wyþ newe. 1569 J. Hawkins Voy. (1878) 80 We determined there to refresh our water, and so..to take the Sea. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. x. 105 A small fire continued, heats more, then a greater that lastes but little, especially if there be any thing to refresh it. 1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) xx. 336 He and Dubravius and all others advise, that you make choice of such a place for your Pond, that it may be refresht with a little rill, or with rain water, running or falling into it. 1746 Addison's Dial. Medals (new ed.) 244 The King's coffers have been often reduced to the lowest ebb, but have still been seasonably refreshed by frequent and unexpected supplies from the Spanish America. 1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. vii. 439 The fire may be diminshed a little before they [sc. hops] are turned, and refreshed again afterwards. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 19 Batteries such as those described..will remain in constant action for a month... At the expiration of a month it becomes necessary to refresh them. 1895 W. C. Scully Kafir Stories 26 They went into the hut, and they refreshed the fire. 1928 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 20 July 10 (advt.) Pure silk Hose of fine quality. Refresh your supply by the addition of several pairs. 1974 ‘J. le Carré’ Tinker, Tailor xxxi. 265 Rising, he briskly refreshed Jim's drink, then sat again. 2005 J. Brown & F. W. Golden Frommer's Alaska Cruises iv. 53 Numerous contractors..come aboard on turnaround days to refresh flowers, service machinery, and perform other needed functions. b. transitive. Chiefly Nautical. To restock; to provide with fresh supplies. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > afresh refreshc1404 c1404 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 35 (MED) Al Caernaruan shire purposin..for to haue owte..al the catel there..leste Englishemen shulde be refreshitte therwith. 1458 J. Bokkyng in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 169 I haue desirid hym to meve þe Counsell for refreshing of þe toun of Yermowth with stuff of ordnance and gonnes and gonne powdre. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. i. f. 1^v To the intente there to refreshe his shyppes with freshe water and fuell. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 16 Let him prouide to be first refreshed with victuals. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 6 Sierra Leoon, a place in Afrique,..famous for refreshing that aduenturous Captaine Sir Francis Drake. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiv. 394 Any Ship in distress may be refreshed and recruited here. 1756 A. Collins Peerage (ed. 3) I. ii. 625 They..refresh'd the garrison..with victuals and money. 1790 C. J. A. Hereford Hist. France III. xliv. 265 Having refreshed his fleet at the Danish settlement of Tranquebar, he proceeded from thence to Cuddalore. 1803 Monthly Rev. Nov. 323 We must..maintain a powerful fleet in the Mediterranean. That measure requires, in its turn, the means of refitting and refreshing our fleet. 1854 O. Oldfellow Youth's Galaxy 184/1 Magellan steered for the Canary Isles; refreshed the vessels at Teneriffe. 2002 E. Elbourne Blood Ground 9 European merchants were already using the Cape to refresh the ships which plied a regular long-distance sea trade between western Europe and Asia. †c. transitive. To provide with reinforcements. With with or (occasionally) of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > reinforce enforce1340 stuffc1400 renforce?1473 relieve1487 supply1487 refreshc1500 ranforce1547 strengthen1548 re-enforce1579 reinforce1589 seconda1609 recrew1637 recruit1642 c1500 Melusine (1895) 121 Syn the paynemyes have refresshed themself twyes of new folke. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. av I may refresch yow with folk to feght gif you nedis With thretty thousand tald. 1557 in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1681) II. Records ii. 320 They return again to fetch more, always to refresh their camp with fresh souldiers, in the lieu of such as be perished. 1607 E. Grimeston tr. Gen. Inuentorie Hist. France ii. 535 Our men are now victualed for fifteene daies, but they haue neede of rest, and the place to be refresshed with men. 1683 J. Bulteel tr. F. E. de Mézeray Gen. Chronol. Hist. France Index sig. iii^v The D. of Guise refreshes with Men and Ammunition the City of Peronne. a1829 B. St. Leger Froissart & his Times (1832) III. iii. 45 Send word to the French King what case we be in, so that this summer he may refresh us with new men. d. intransitive. Nautical. To lay in fresh supplies; to restock. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply [verb (intransitive)] > specific oneself > renew supplies resupply1579 refresh1625 refit1652 restock1735 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes 1836 Not being able to recouer the said Riuer, [they] were constrayned to refresh in the West Indies. 1685 N. Crouch Eng. Empire in Amer. i. 5 One of the Canary Islands, where having refresht, after many days, they encountered the Sea. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 157 It was not the most eligible place for a ship to refresh at. 1773 S. Wallis Acct. Voy. round World ii, in J. Hawkesworth Acct. Voy. Southern Hemisphere I. 387 I sent off the boats to sound, and found that there was..close by the Cape a good harbour, where a ship might refresh with more safety than at Port Famine. 1837 F. Marryat in New Monthly Mag. Aug. 499 After a favourable passage, the fleet anchored to refresh at Table Bay. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xli. 411 It had been determined..that we should refresh at Whale Fish Islands. 1997 G. Daws in J. Stanton Hawai'i Anthol. 123 He dropped down in the winter months to refit and refresh at the islands and peddle guns to the chiefs. 3. a. transitive. To restore to a fresh or bright condition; to brighten or clean up; to give a fresh or new appearance to. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew newOE freshc1300 renovela1325 renewa1382 renulec1384 refreshc1425 repairc1425 anewc1440 ennew1523 renovatea1555 renove1588 regenerate1607 righta1656 reficiate1657 freshen1710 refreshen1780 to fresh up1831 recondition1857 renovize1932 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 5740 (MED) Naxyens don her besynesse To serue Bachus..Whos licour is moste precious and fyn To..refresche hewes þat ben fade In facis pale. c1450 J. Lydgate Compl. Black Knight 103 This welle..wolde..evermore refresshe the visage Of hem that were in any werinesse. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 9215 He..wesshed hym anone, Refresshing his face for facyng of teres. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 932/2 The conduit was newlie painted, and all the armes and angels refreshed. 1599 W. Shakespeare et al. Passionate Pilgrime (new ed.) sig. B7 As vaded glosse no rubbing will refresh..So beauty blemisht once, for euer lost. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 111 I have endeavoured to refresh the Image of the Saxon Common-weale; the more curious lineaments being now disfigured by time. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 451 The rest refresh the scaly Snakes, that fold The Shield of Pallas; and renew their Gold. 1739 C. Cibber Apol. for Life xiv. 361 He would order two or three Suits to be made, or refresh'd, for Actors of moderate Consequence. 1779 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XIV. 163 He mentioned several instances of the hospital revenue having been wasted in alterations and unnecessary repairs, particularly in expending 1000l. in the cleaning and refreshing the paintings in the hall. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 113 The old hat looked smarter;..the lace had been refreshed. 1856 R. W. Emerson Poems (ed. 5) 191 Refresh the faded tints, Recut the aged prints. 1942 Times 30 Dec. 2/6 A visit to St. James's Theatre will not much tarnish the picture: it may even refresh its colour. 1964 Fresno (Calif.) Bee 20 Sept. w6/1 (advt.) Colors to cover gray, to refresh faded hair, to tone bleached hair! 2006 M. Kaufman Organize It! vi. 96 This may be a good time to refresh interior walls and shelving with a new coat of paint. b. transitive. To expose a fresh surface of (something) by cutting; (in later use Surgery) to trim (the edges of a wound) to promote healing. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew > specifically a surface by cutting refresh1658 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > other surgical practices > perform other surgical practices [verb (transitive)] > make fresh surface for operating refresh1846 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 66 Nor can the graffe joyn to its trunk unlesse the rinde be refreshed, and cut to the quick with the knife. 1675 C. Cotton Planters Man. 47 You must also refresh the roots with the Pruning-knife. 1785 W. Marshall Planting & Ornamental Gardening 129 The stools being cleared of all straggling branches, and refreshed with a knife, they will make strong shoots for a second operation by the autumn next ensuing. 1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 336 We shall say nothing of refreshing the edges by means of a blister. 1880 W. MacCormac Antiseptic Surg. 208 The distal and proximate ends of the gut were now ‘refreshed’, and the margins accurately united with sutures. 1986 B. B. Broughton Dict. Medieval Knighthood & Chivalry 484 In old wounds the edges should be cleansed, desiccated if required to refresh the edges. 2006 H. Seegenschmiedt in M. Sternemann et al. Controv. in Treatm. Skin Neoplasias 114 (table) Possibly surgical debridement (for necrotic parts) and refreshing wound edges. 4. a. transitive. Of water, air, etc.: to impart freshness to (a place, person, or thing) by cooling or wetting. Also intransitive.Sometimes with suggestion of sense 1a. ΚΠ c1450 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Durh.) iv. 199 (MED) It [sc. the name of Jesus] is the well with the foure stremes..That thorughe the worlde refressheth al Remys. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. xliii. 22 Whan a dew commeth vpon the heate, it shalbe refreszshed agayne. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. i. 69 b The snow..serueth in whotte weather to refreshe..his drinke. 1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xliii. 22 A dew comming after heate, refresheth . View more context for this quotation 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 373 In this Countrey it never rains, snows, or thunders, nor anything that may refresh it. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 61 Moisture then abounds, and Pearly Rains Descend in Silence to refresh the Plains. View more context for this quotation 1727 D. Defoe Evident Advantages Great Brit. iv. 33 The Heats excessive, airless, and not refresh'd with Land Breezes. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 193 The neighbourhood of the mountains constantly refreshes this city in the heats of summer with a cool evening breeze. 1824 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. vii. 239 In the evening the atmosphere is never sufficiently refreshed to be enjoyable till about a quarter after dark. a1855 C. Brontë Professor (1857) II. xix. 41 I took, my time; for the afternoon, though cloudy, was very sultry, and not a breeze stirred to refresh the atmosphere. 1918 Orange County (Middletown, N.Y.) Times-Press 24 Sept. 2/2 The copious September rains have greatly refreshed the fields and lawns which, in some instances, were in a dying condition. 1979 A. Gray Unlikely Stories (1984) 124 The air was stifling, but not to me. Adoda and the chef plied their fans and the doctor refreshed me with a fine mist of cool water. 1998 S. Mackay Artist's Widow (1999) v. 32 Last night's shower had refreshed the garden and..the day promised to be less enervatingly humid than it had been for the last week. †b. transitive. figurative. To cool (desire). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. Deuot Prayers 17 b Refraiche thairfor, o lord, my concupiscence with the vatter of thy grace. c. transitive. Cookery. To plunge (cooked vegetables, herbs, etc.) into cold water as part of the cooking process. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing fruit and vegetables > prepare fruit and vegetables [verb (transitive)] > plunge in cold water refresh1877 1824 A. B. Beauvilliers Art French Cookery 19 Take some very green parsley leaves, blanch and refresh them, and throw them into a search. 1877 E. S. Dallas Kettner's Bk. of Table 45 Some..prefer to eat them [sc. asparagus] with oil and vinegar. In this case they are, as the French say, to be refreshed with cold water. 1972 Guardian 18 Aug. 11/3 Lasagne... Boil the pasta for ten minutes then drain and run under the cold tap, and drain again... Cannelloni: these are boiled like lasagne, and refreshed in the same way. 2003 M. Ashkenazi & J. Jacob Food Culture in Japan iii. 99 One common method is to refresh blanched vegetables by quickly plunging them into cold water. †5. transitive. To restore, renovate (a building or part of a building). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > renovate or renew > refurbish refresh1468 recoct1562 repolish1577 furbish1587 vamp1599 interpolate1623 vamp1632 new-vampa1640 revamp1803 refurbish1824 to fig up1825 rehabilitate1878 face-lift1939 refurb1970 1468 Burgh Court Bk. Newburgh f. 34 The hows to be rafressit agane & rastoryth in the same chynde that he fand yt in. c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 531 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 417 A prest..thocht he wald a kyrk refresch,..þe quhilk sic ned had of mending, þat it was nere þe done-cummyng. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xlv^v The kyng..repaired the walles, fortefied the bulwarkes refresshed the rampiers. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 5 There be very fair Lodgyns in the Castel. And as I hard Catarine of Spaine did great Costs in late tyme of refresching of it. 1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) I. 749/2 In the meane time the Citizens laboured all night in repairing and refreshing the wals, to make all things sure against the next assault. 6. a. transitive. To renew, revive; to cause to begin or come into existence again. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restore [verb (transitive)] > to flourishing condition recovera1425 recreatec1425 renewc1450 revivea1500 resuscitate1532 refresh1533 retrieve1652 revirginize1852 revigorate1886 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. 104/21 The turmis..refreschit the batell in all partis. 1581 W. Fowler Answer Hammiltoun Sig. Ej That..tha things quhilk he teachit..micht be refreschit in thair harts. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 263 When he refreshed many Errours formerly condemned, concerning the Holy Ghost. 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 3 They have refreshed their Alliance with the Gods by the Fabulous Nativity of Romulus. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 160 He blushingly own'd, that no good was to be expected from it, unless I took in hand to re-excite it's languid, loitering powers, by just refreshing the smart of the yet recent, blood-raw cuts. 1933 Amer. Anthropologist 35 159 Virtually daily contact during a semester led to a deeper acquaintance, henceforth maintained by an intermittent correspondence and refreshed at the Hamburg Congress in 1930. 1961 Denton (Texas) Rec.-Chron. 4 Aug. 6/4 Dean Rusk..said Chen's talks with President Kennedy and other U.S. leaders had ‘refreshed our alliance’. 1999 G. Lewis White Rebel ix. 160 All this amid rumours that Adams would call early elections to refresh his mandate. b. transitive. To stimulate or jog (a person's memory), esp. by checking or going over previous information. Also occasionally: to remind (a person). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > remind [phrase] to put (a person) in minda1500 to put (something) into (also in) a person's head1539 refresh1542 to put (a person) in the head of1561 to jog the memory1778 to ring a bell1933 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth viii. sig. D.ii Moderate slepe..doth acuate, quycken, & refressheth the memory. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 314 The occasion of this present time is sufficient to admonish us thereof, and to refresh our memorie? 1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour i. ii. 8 But you, I see, Take care still to refresh my memory. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A4 For before I enter'd on my Voyage I took care to refresh my Memory among the Classic Authors. 1789 F. Burney Diary 26 Aug. (1842) V. 60 I did not refresh his memory with the severities he practised in that marine education. 1825 C. Lamb in London Mag. July 377 He was to be seen trudging about upon this man's errand.., jogging this witness, refreshing that solicitor. 1826 T. Jefferson Let. 24 June in Writings (1984) 1517 For ourselves, let the annual return of this day forever refresh our recollections of these rights, and an undiminished devotion to them. 1867 A. Trollope Last Chron. Barset II. lxx. 270 I have had some trouble to refresh my memory as to all the particulars. 1926 J. M. Manly Some New Light on Chaucer 227 How vivid and individual a figure she is I need not remind you, but I should like to refresh your recollection by recalling some of the details. 1979 S. Levenkron Best Little Girl in World v. 51 Maybe you better refresh my memory about it. 2007 Express (Nexis) 7 Dec. 13 All the Labour politicians knew the rules. A phone call would have refreshed their memories. c. transitive. To revise or update (one's knowledge or skills), now esp. through training or educational courses (cf. refresher n. Compounds 1). Also of training, etc.: to impart new or updated skills to (a person).In quot. 1781 as an extended use of sense 1a. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > [verb (transitive)] > relearn to rub up1613 relearn1694 refresh1781 to brush up1788 1781 Let. to King on Subj. New Institut. 21 Here will these Gentlemen constantly find a place, where they may refresh their knowledge, or quaff still larger draughts at the fountainhead of genuine unadulterated Science. 1812 Q. Rev. June 444 Grown gentlemen, who wish to refresh their knowledge of Greek. 1860 E. Gilpin Memorial H. D. Gilpin 198 He refreshed his knowledge of antiquity, which had been derived from books, by navigating the ancient Nile. 1934 N.Y. Times 4 Mar. (Mag. section) 9/4 Many seek to continue education interrupted in youth: to create new or refresh old vocational skills, to ‘keep up with the times’. 1942 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 15 356 Preëmployment refresher courses originally intended for refreshing those with ‘rusty’ skills are gradually turning into courses for inexperienced youth. 1993 ‘A. McNab’ Bravo Two Zero (1994) i. 15 Some of us needed to refresh our skills a bit swiftly with explosives, movement with vehicles, and map-reading in desert conditions. 2002 Big Issue 17 June 44/2 I plan to do a computer course at the Foundation to refresh my IT skills. 7. transitive. Computing and Electronics To renew or update (stored data, as an image, information, etc.), especially in volatile or other memory; to renew or update (data displayed for viewing). Also intransitive: to be renewed or updated in this way. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > use data [verb (transitive)] > renew refresh1957 1957 K. Leendert Brit. Patent 780,030 1/1 In said other types of recording system the information stored in each cell must be read within a rather short time to be rewritten. Thus each element of information is constantly refreshed. 1969 Computers & Biomed. Res. 2 524 The real-time computer clock is set to give an interrupt every 40 msec, and the picture is refreshed on every interrupt. 1977 A. P. Malvino Digital Computer Electronics vii. 180 Because capacitor charge leaks off, the stored data must be refreshed every few milliseconds. 1988 Dr. Dobb's Jrnl. (Electronic ed.) May The Motorola 68030..can fetch both instructions and data from on-chip caches, refresh the caches from offchip memory, and ready the address for an off-chip fetch, all in parallel. 1991 Photography (Brit. Inst. Professional Photogr.) Oct. 39/4 Everything happens in realtime..with no lengthy waiting for the screen to refresh or the computer to process the files. 1996 Web Developer Spring 10/2 It is only necessary to refresh the current area occupied by the graphic, and not the entire background image. 2003 Wired July 84/1 The OLED viewfinder refreshes 1,000 times faster than an LCD and has a 165-degree viewing angle. Derivatives reˈfreshed adj. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [adjective] > refreshed or invigorated fresha1387 refetc1400 breatheda1425 refect?a1425 restedc1425 well-rested1525 refreshed1552 enlivened1640 renovated1650 invigorate1720 refreshened1764 recreated1832 reanimated1871 reanimate1885 pepped-up1916 perked-up1930 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Refreshed, Interpolis. 1646 Mem. Occurrences D ij His daily refreshed memory. 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. iii. 175 After this little devotional interlude my refreshed reader may accompany me with new vigour. 1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 14 Sept. 587/2 The numbers and the refreshed vigour which Bonaparte will be able to pour into Spain. 1871 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera I. xi They came out in a highly refreshed state. 1976 Physics Bull. July 298/3 If one has stored a complete waveform then it might be desirable to scan through this using a refreshed (as opposed to a storage) CRT which can show any desired part of the trace. 1992 Food & Wine Feb. 58/1 Spanish preparations that combine refreshed salt cod, or bacalao, with sweet red peppers, garlic, and olive oil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1592v.a1382
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refreshn.

Compounds

refreshv.

Derivatives