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单词 reefer
释义

reefern.1

Brit. /ˈriːfə/, U.S. /ˈrifər/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reef v.1, -er suffix1.
Etymology: < reef v.1 + -er suffix1.
1.
a. Nautical. A person who reefs sails; frequently spec. (slang, now historical) a midshipman (see quot. 1867).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun] > naval officer > midshipman
midships man1626
midshipman1652
mid1750
reefer1800
middy1818
midshipmite1834
ensign1886
brass-bounder1890
snotty1903
dogsbody1917
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > (types of) sail trimmer
afterguard1750
reefer1800
sail trimmerc1810
furlerc1860
sail looserc1860
trimmer1953
winch grinder1975
1800 Brit. Critic Nov. 574 We wish, as will..many a young Reefer in the cockpit, that Dr. Fletcher had made his volumes a little cheaper.
1818 ‘A. Burton’ Adventures Johnny Newcome i. 40 Hoy! Reefers! Reefers!—with your sport you seem to make a Dover Court.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxix. 104 A lad..who went by the name of the ‘reefer’, having been a midshipman in an East India Company's ship.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 565 Reefers, a familiar term for midshipmen, because they have to attend in the tops during the operation of taking in reefs.
1898 C. Morris Nation's Navy Pref. 1 The wooden walls of the ships of our ancestors have been replaced by walls of steel..the seaman by the sea-mechanic, and the reefer of the sail by the heaver of coal.
1906 Temple Bar Jan. 76 The reefers in the half-deck also start their sing-song, and the supernumeraries, in ‘the round-house’, make what melody they can.
1986 P. O'Brian Reverse of Medal iii. 78 He would come on deck and call the reefer on duty over to join his pacing.
b. Criminals' slang. A pickpocket or pickpocket's accomplice. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > pickpocket or cutpurse > [noun] > pickpocket
fig-boyc1555
foister1585
foist1591
pickpocket1591
bung1600
diver1608
pocket-picker1622
pocketeerc1626
bung-nipper1659
file1673
filer1674
shark1707
hoister1708
knuckle1781
knuckler1801
buzzgloak1819
cly-faker1819
fingersmith1819
knuck1819
fogle hunter1821
buzzman1832
nobbler1839
wire1851
gonoph1853
wirer1857
dip1859
moll-tooler1859
buzzer1862
hook1863
snotter1864
tool1865
pocket-cutter1885
dipper1889
pogue-hunter1896
pick1902
finger1925
whizz1925
whizzer1925
prat diggera1931
whizz-boy1931
whizz-man1932
reefer1935
1935 N. Ersine Underworld & Prison Slang 62 Reefer,..a pickpocket.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 59 Reefer,..a pickpocket's accomplice.
2. Originally and chiefly North American. A reefer jacket or coat (see Compounds). Also more generally: a thick overcoat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > close-fitting
jackanapes coat1626
waistcoata1628
monkey jacket1822
polka1845
reefing jacket1846
polka jacket1849
monkey coat1859
hug-me-tight1860
reefer1870
jersey1889
reefer coat1901
shrug1957
Nehru jacket1962
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > coat > types of > overcoat
greatcoat1647
out-coat1684
wide coat1698
big coat1720
overcoat1802
trusty1804
jemmy1836
reefer1870
bridge coat1915
orchestration1939
lead sheet1942
1870 Daily Kennebec Jrnl. (Augusta, Maine) 20 Dec. [He] has on hand a large assortment of custom made overcoats and reefers.
1883 Tailoring World 20 Oct. 1/2 The forms of garments known as Reefers and Lounges.
1894 R. H. Davis in Harper's Mag. May 891/1 A tall, handsome woman..with her hands in the pockets of her reefer.
1939 ‘N. Shute’ Ordeal vi. 195 Out from the harbour entrance came an aged rowing boat, rowed by a stocky figure in an old blue reefer and a seaman's hat.
1970 J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 47 Our winter overcoats—‘reefers’ we called them—lasted so well that one might serve as many as three boys before being discarded.
2002 Edmonton Sun (Nexis) 24 Dec. 44 Fur fashions are closer to the body with narrower shoulders. Coats and parkas, jackets and reefers are inspired by the 1960s and 1970s.

Compounds

reefer coat n. = reefer jacket n.; (also) a short coat of a similar style.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket > close-fitting
jackanapes coat1626
waistcoata1628
monkey jacket1822
polka1845
reefing jacket1846
polka jacket1849
monkey coat1859
hug-me-tight1860
reefer1870
jersey1889
reefer coat1901
shrug1957
Nehru jacket1962
1901 G. B. Shaw Capt. Brassbound's Conversion ii, in Three Plays for Puritans 241 Sprawl supine on the floor, with their reefer coats under their heads.
1928 R. Macaulay Keeping up Appearances xv. 170 Cary spoke with a hint of nervous defiance, thrusting her hands into the pockets of her reefer coat.
1969 N. W. Parsons Upon Sagebrush Harp i. 4 Rena and I shivered in our white serge reefer coats.
2006 Toronto Star (Nexis) 25 Nov. m5 A high-maintenance blond..with requisite Chanel bag and a pink reefer coat that matched her flip-flops.
reefer jacket n. (also reefer's jacket) a thick, close-fitting double-breasted jacket; cf. reefing jacket n. at reefing n.1 Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1849 Alta California (San Francisco) 7 June (advt.) New goods, just received... Window Sash, Glass and Putty,..Guernsey Shirts and Reefers Jackets.
1859 Life-long Story iv. 35 In their varied costumes of reefer or jockey jacket, wide-awake, miner, or ‘shocking bad hat’.
1875 Staffs. Daily Sentinel 2 Aug. 1/3 (advt.) Men's reefer jackets.
1909 A. W. Marchmont Imperial Marriage x. 106 I hunted through the boat and came across a rough reefer's jacket in the after-cabin.
1955 Times 20 Aug. 3/3 He was wearing a reefer jacket and uniform trousers under a blue naval raincoat.
2000 S. Brett Body on Beach (2001) vii. 47 The dark-blue reefer jacket and neat corduroy cap bestowed a deliberately naval air.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

reefern.2

Brit. /ˈriːfə/, U.S. /ˈrifər/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: reef n.2, -er suffix1; reef v.2, -er suffix1.
Etymology: Originally < reef n.2 + -er suffix1. In later use also partly (in sense 1) < reef v.2 + -er suffix1.
1. Australian and New Zealand.
a. A mining claim in a reef (reef n.2 2a). Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1854 Illustr. Sydney News 28 Oct. 234/3 Few claims have been bottomed on the gravel pits for some considerable time and such as have been lately bottomed are reefers, by which however we do not mean blanks as many of these same reefers are paying as much as eight ounces to the tub.
b. A person who mines or prospects for gold on a reef. Cf. reef v.2 Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who mines metals > goldminer
gold miner1717
river digger1806
gold-digger1826
gold worker1848
digger1853
reefer1859
goldfielder1898
placer1921
1859 Adelong Mining Jrnl. 15 Apr. 4/2 On Monday last he made known to a few of our old reefers his discovery.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 285 He was not a miner, a speculator, a reefer, nor an engine-driver.
1941 S. J. Baker N.Z. Slang iv. 28 Gold-fields brought [to N.Z.] the reefer, the deep lead, the gutter, the monkey shaft.
1964 H. P. Tritton Time means Tucker (rev. ed.) 58 We found we were ‘diggers’, not miners, mining being the work of the ‘reefers’, or hard rock men.
2001 C. Fahey in I. McCalman et al. Gold iv. 68 Initially the quartz reefers simply bashed away with gads and hammers at the surface outcrops... When these surface deposits were exhausted the bold reefers chased the reefs below the surface.
2. U.S. = reef oyster n. at reef n.2 Compounds 3. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1881 E. Ingersoll Oyster-industry (10th Census U.S.: Bureau of Fisheries) 247 Reefer, a natural reef-growing or untransplanted oyster.
3. Originally (Australian): a person who dives or works on the Great Barrier Reef. Later also: a person who visits or takes an interest in coral reefs.
ΚΠ
1951 J. Devanny Trav. N. Queensland xv. 78 We plunged into the water up to our knees..holding the sticks which experienced ‘reefers’ invariably carry.
1976 Paleobiology 2 7 Wanted: Reefers. The First Circular announcing the topics, field trips, etc., and inviting tentative titles for presentations for the Third International Coral Reef Symposium.
2003 J. Kraynak Comp. Idiot's Guide to Oceans iii. 41 Reefer madness: exploring the reef community.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reefern.3

Brit. /ˈriːfə/, U.S. /ˈrifər/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: refrigerator n.
Etymology: Shortened < refrigerator n., reflecting a U.S. pronunciation with /i/ in the first syllable.
colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.).
1. A refrigerated railway wagon, lorry, or ship, used for conveying perishable goods. Also more fully reefer car, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor lorry, truck, or van > [noun] > refrigerated
reefer1911
1911 Washington Post 31 Dec. 3/5 A refrigerator car is a ‘reefer’.
1922 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 26 Sept. 26/1 Of the 20,000 reefer cars in the service of the Southern Pacific 1100 are east of Ogden and 14,000 are east of the Missouri river.
1956 N. Algren Walk on Wild Side i. 15 Another had found a new jacket hanging in a reefer into which he had climbed one night in Carrizozo.
1961 Amer. Speech 36 273 Reefer box, a refrigerated trailer.
1976 Times 6 Oct. 21 The underlying strength of the refrigerated ship (reefer) business.
2003 New Yorker 17 Feb. 151/1 Big trucks flew past us—dry boxes, reefers.
2. A (usually large) refrigerator.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > [noun] > preserving by cooling or freezing > place or machine for
ice room1758
ice chamber1768
icebox1792
cool chamber1801
ice chest1826
freezer1847
refrigerator1861
chill-room1884
ice cave1884
cold store1895
cool store1906
Coolgardie?1924
fridge1926
Frigidaire1926
deep freeze1941
chest freezer1947
hydro-cooler1947
reefer1958
fridge-freezer1971
flash freezer1984
blast freezer1986
1958 W. F. Craven & J. L. Cate Army Air Forces World War II VII. xiv. 451 Palatable foods and the precious ‘reefers’ in which to store them.
1963 T. Pynchon V. i. 22 To the mezuzah nailed up over the vegetable reefer and the Zionist banner hanging in back of the salad table Da Conho added this prize.
1998 Sarasota (Florida) Herald-Tribune (Nexis) 11 Apr. 3 c This one had the feel of a commercial kitchen. It had a dishwasher, microwave, commercial reefer, electric range.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

reefern.4

Brit. /ˈriːfə/, U.S. /ˈrifər/
Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare Mexican Spanish grifa cannabis, marijuana (1952 or earlier), Central American Spanish grifo , grifa (noun) person who smokes cannabis, (adjective) drunk, intoxicated (all 1984 or earlier), of uncertain origin; a relationship with Spanish grifo (noun) griffin, tap, grifa (noun) tap, or grifo (adjective) curly-haired is unlikely on semantic grounds. Compare -er suffix1.The relationship of the Spanish and English words is unclear. If the one was borrowed from the other, the chronology suggests that the English word may have been primary. The initial consonant cluster in Spanish poses a phonological problem. It is possible that the initial g- , pronounced as a fricative between continuants (in e.g. la grifa ) was either not perceived by speakers of English, or if the word was borrowed the other way, hypercorrectly added by Spanish speakers. An alternative suggestion connects the word with reef n.1 or reef v.1, on account of the cigarette resembling rolled-up sailcloth.
colloquial (originally U.S.).
1.
a. A cannabis cigarette.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > marijuana or cannabis > cigarette
weed1917
stick1918
spliff1929
weed1929
reefer1931
joint1935
muggler1935
ju-ju1940
mezzroll1944
panatela1946
bomber1952
charge1957
bomb1960
number1963
doobie1967
smoke1967
cheeba1971
Thai stick1976
blunt1988
bifter1989
1931 Afro-American (Baltimore) 21 Mar. 1/1 Harlem in its mad efforts to find relief from the worst economic depression it has ever experienced, is now being swept by a new dope craze known as ‘reefers’. The reefer is a highly doped cigarette made from the deadly Mexican machara weed.
1932 R. Fisher Conjure-man Dies 119 That nigger's crazy. Smokes too many reefers.
1967 M. M. Glatt et al. Drug Scene in Great Brit. iv. 49 Quite a few were on heroin and cocaine, most smoked reefers, but not too many were on Purple Hearts.
2004 Daily Tel. 14 July 19/2 One of my favourites shows Bob Marley contentedly enjoying a large reefer, above the words ‘Tate Jamaica’ in that irritating fuzzy Tate logo.
b. Cannabis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > marijuana or cannabis
bhang1598
hashish1598
cannabis1765
ganja1800
Indian hemp1803
sabzi1804
cannabin1843
deiamba1851
charas1860
liamba1861
hemp1870
cannabis resin1871
marijuana1874
kef1878
locoweed1898
weed1917
Mary Ann1925
mootah1926
muggle1926
Mary Jane1928
Mary Warner1933
Mary and Johnny1935
Indian hay1936
mu1936
mezz1937
moocah1937
grass1938
jive1938
pot1938
mary1940
reefer1944
rope1944
smoke1946
hash1948
pod1952
gear1954
green1957
smoking weed1957
boo1959
Acapulco1965
doobie1967
Mary J1967
cheeba1971
Maui Wowie1971
4201974
Maui1977
pakalolo1977
spliff1977
draw1979
kush1979
resin1980
bud1982
swag1986
puff1989
chronic1992
schwag1993
hydro1995
1944 D. Burley Orig. Handbk. Harlem Jive Gloss. 145 Reefer, marijuana, cigarette, dope, narcotic.
1965 C. Brown Manchild in Promised Land iv. 125 We could sell them for about three or four dollars and buy a bag of reefer.
1979 High Times Mar. 25 Louisiana state cop displays a pot of pot discovered among 30 tons of Columbian reefer.
1999 J. Burchill Married Alive xiii. 195 I dread to think what we look like an advert for as we sit around the ‘space’ smoking reefer and listening to jazz.
2. A person who smokes cannabis. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > [noun] > drug-user > user of marijuana
muggle-head1926
tea man1938
weedhead1939
reefer1940
tea-head1953
grasshopper1954
pothead1957
pot smoker1965
stoner1971
toker1975
1940 Amer. Speech 15 335/2 One who smokes is a nicotine-hound or a reefer (especially a smoker of marihuana).
1944 C. B. Davis Rebellion of Leo McGuire 170 Danny is hotter'n a reefer's pistol.
1976 in D. Wepman et al. Life 107 Thirty reefers played ‘Godchild’ on one bell.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
ΚΠ
1932 Melody Maker Sept. 749/2 ‘Song of the Weed’, ‘Got the South in my Soul’, ‘I Heard’, and ‘Reefer Man’ are all worth your half-crowns.
1950 J. Lait & L. Mortimer Chicago: Confidential i. iv. 54 The reefer parties with their dark, crowded rooms where the mixed sexes reach orgiastic stimulation after ‘kicking the gong around’.
1987 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 18 Sept. c14/6 Most of the inmates..pass their time imbibing reefer smoke and loud noises from their boom boxes, necking, negotiating drug sales and beating up on one another.
C2.
reefer madness n. [after title of a 1936 film which portrays teenagers who experience various tragedies after being induced to smoke cannabis (see quot. 1936)] erratic, confused, or dangerous behaviour attributed to the smoking of cannabis; (more generally) a state of intoxication caused by smoking cannabis.
ΚΠ
1936 (title of film) Reefer madness.]
1975 Liberty Winter 38/3 We have recently gone through a period in which marijuana was accused of inevitably leading to ‘reefer madness’.
1989 ‘C. Roman’ Foreplay xxiii. 264 All I can do is tremble, spill my drink, and drag on my cigarette as if I'm having an attack of reefer madness.
2000 K. Atkinson Emotionally Weird (2001) 113 I could hear Bob and Shug descending slowly into reefer madness; they were talking about their fantasy future in which they co-owned a vastly successful head shop.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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