re-formv.²

Brit.

/ˌriːˈfɔːm/, U.S.

/riˈfɔrm/

Forms: see reform v.¹

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: reform v.¹, re- prefix, form v.¹

Etymology: Originally a variant of reform v.¹ (compare the foreign-language forms cited at that entry), now usually distinguished in form in the senses below (in pronunciation, and often also in spelling by the use of a hyphen in the present word). In later use also independently < re- prefix + form v.¹; compare re-formation n.² With sense 2a compare French reformer (late 16th cent. or earlier in Middle French in this sense). With sense 2b compare French reformer (1787 in this sense, used reflexively).

a. transitive. To form, shape, or mould a second time; to form over again; to reshape.In early quots. sometimes difficult to distinguish from reform v.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > again or anew

re-form?1387

new-casta1536

reframe1592

remould1600

new-form1613

new-mould1622

new-modelize1645

new-model1647

re-profile1948

?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 114 (MED) Ryȝt as in þe sixte day man was maad and formed, ryȝt so in þe sixe þousand of ȝeris he was bout aȝen and reformed.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3404 (MED) In fleissh and blod he schal reforme, Whan time comth, the qwike and dede.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 378 Þen carppez to Sir Gawan þe knyȝt in þe grene, ‘Refourme we oure for-wardes, er we fyrre passe’.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) ii. l. 484 Til wyttyr þaim for hir pete How mankynde mycht refurmyt be.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) iv. 7 The light of his grace that refourmes in vs his ymage.

1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia ii. 360 The formes of things doe neuer die, Because the matter that remaines Reformes another thing thereby.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 59 When the soul by cogitation reforming these things, which are conceived in opinion by memory and sense [etc.].

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 93 Its prime Errand was to reform and new-mold the Earth.

1798 W. S. Landor Gebir iv. 128 She had words to speak, She form'd them and reform'd them.

1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto III lix. 32 Our little selves re-form'd in finer clay.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 924 The formation goes on continuously, so that..a fresh deposit..is re-formed in about twenty years.

1927 Jrnl. Ecol. 15 294 Humus is re-formed and small-leaved shrubs become much more abundant.

1962 T. Dobzhansky Mankind Evolving ii. 37 If the double helix separates into two single threads each can re-form an exact copy of the original double structure.

2003 M. Belson On the Press vi. 195 The Division re-formed the long time defunked [sic] nursing section.

b. intransitive. To form or take shape again.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > have (specific) shape [verb (intransitive)] > assume definite shape > new or different

schematize1650

re-form1827

transfigure1840

metamorphosize1967

the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > be or become restored [verb (intransitive)] > re-form

resiliate1755

re-form1827

1827 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 28 266 Right eye free from inflammation, but very weak; left eye much improved; cornea becoming more prominent; and anterior chamber re-forming.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xiii. 133 The processions re-formed, the carriages rolled slowly through the crowd.

1890 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis v. 99 This precipitate..re-formed on the further addition of the dye.

1950 W. Stegner Preacher & Slave i. iv. 51 The lights of the harbor splinter and re-form and shine with diamond brilliance in the wind-split night.

1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells vii. 253 In experiments in which removal of the centrosphere alone was attempted, asters always re-formed eventually.

2008 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 15 Feb. 28 I'm against all bands re-forming. I think it's really sad.

2. Military.

a. transitive. To draw up (troops) into order or formation again.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops)

raya1387

impale1553

to draw out1587

body1603

to draw up1608

re-form1753

form1816

1753 R. Rolt Mem. Life J. Lindesay iii. ii. 229 The enemy without, who..in not sustaining their friends, gave time to the broken troops to be rallied, and re-formed in the openings.

1798 W. Belsham Hist. Great Brit. IV. ii. 152 He..displayed all the ability and presence of mind of a great General, in re-forming the troops and restoring order and confidence.

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. ii. iii. 223 Order was again restored, and the line re-formed.

1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 13 Unfix Swords. Re-form Company.

1910 A. Bierce Coll. Wks. III. 119 The line was reëstablished with fresh men, the roll called, the stragglers were re-formed.

1985 Times 5 July 10/4 Here he re-formed his men and led them to another dominating ridge 500 yards away.

b. intransitive. Of troops: to form ranks again; to regain order, get back into formation.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form or reform [verb (intransitive)]

form1723

re-form1761

1761 Ess. Art War 98 Which second [rank] will consequently have Ground enough, both to march and re-form into Order of Battle.

1795 Edinb. Mag. Dec. 477/2 The Austrians, however, having re-formed on this side of the town, advanced again.

1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 97 No advanced guard.., after carrying a post, should..be permitted to advance without reforming.

1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xx. 311 At that well known..voice, the flying troops immediately re-formed.

1899 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 19 Oct. in Highland Jrnls. (1980) ii. 223 My guard of Gordon Highlanders..marched past me and reformed in line.

1945 Collier's 14 Apr. 57/1 Across the field we attacked a ridge. The enemy rose up out of holes to hurl our assault back. The squads re-formed and went up again.

1990 M. Dobbs Wall Games (BNC) 128 He had been caught by the thrill of battle...‘Go after them,’ he barked. ‘Don't let them re-form.’

3. transitive. Manufacturing Technology. To subject (petrol, hydrocarbons, etc.) to re-forming (re-forming n.² 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [verb] > petroleum reforming

re-form1924

1924 Proc. 31st Ann. Convention Pacific Coast Gas Assoc. 724 The artificial gas portion of the commercial mixture may be manufactured by ‘reforming’ natural gas rather than by producing this gas from oil.

1941 W. L. Nelson Petroleum Refinery Engin. (ed. 2) xxiv. 527 These authors conclude that it is not economical to top the light gasoline and reform the naphtha separately.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XI. 403/2 In a typical operation, a Pennsylvania straight-run gasoline of 44 octane number may be reformed to give a product with an octane number of 80.

1998 Jrnl. Power Sources 71 111 Natural gas can be reformed directly on the nickel cermet anode.

2006 Innovation in Energy Technol. (OECD) vi. 170 Petroleum companies are actively engaging in the development of technologies for reforming gasoline and kerosene.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	re-form
释义	re-formn.¹ Brit. /ˌriːˈfɔːm/, U.S. /riˈfɔrm/ Forms: 1500s re-forme, 1900s– re-form. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: re-form v.² Etymology: < re-form v.² Compare earlier re-formation n.², re-forming n.²Apparently re-formed in the early 20th cent. rare. = re-forming n.² 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > [noun] > shaping > again or anew re-forming?a1475 re-formationa1500 re-form1597 re-efformationa1631 new-modelling1646 remoulding1652 refiguration1829 reshaping1872 1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xix. sig. Aa2^v This chaunge of sin, did make a chaunge of feature, A new strange death..A new reforme of every olde-new creature. 1908 Russo-Japanese War II. xiii. 306 The 24th, pressing on after a half re-form in the village, drove the Russians out of their first or lower trenches. 2003 P. Lindstedt & J. Burenius Value Model xvii. 532/1 The following critical question must be asked repeatedly if a product is to undergo re-form. How else can the main function be carried out? This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). re-formv.² Brit. /ˌriːˈfɔːm/, U.S. /riˈfɔrm/ Forms: see reform v.¹ Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: reform v.¹, re- prefix, form v.¹ Etymology: Originally a variant of reform v.¹ (compare the foreign-language forms cited at that entry), now usually distinguished in form in the senses below (in pronunciation, and often also in spelling by the use of a hyphen in the present word). In later use also independently < re- prefix + form v.¹; compare re-formation n.² With sense 2a compare French reformer (late 16th cent. or earlier in Middle French in this sense). With sense 2b compare French reformer (1787 in this sense, used reflexively). 1. a. transitive. To form, shape, or mould a second time; to form over again; to reshape.In early quots. sometimes difficult to distinguish from reform v.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > again or anew re-form?1387 new-casta1536 reframe1592 remould1600 new-form1613 new-mould1622 new-modelize1645 new-model1647 re-profile1948 ?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 114 (MED) Ryȝt as in þe sixte day man was maad and formed, ryȝt so in þe sixe þousand of ȝeris he was bout aȝen and reformed. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3404 (MED) In fleissh and blod he schal reforme, Whan time comth, the qwike and dede. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 378 Þen carppez to Sir Gawan þe knyȝt in þe grene, ‘Refourme we oure for-wardes, er we fyrre passe’. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) ii. l. 484 Til wyttyr þaim for hir pete How mankynde mycht refurmyt be. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) iv. 7 The light of his grace that refourmes in vs his ymage. 1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia ii. 360 The formes of things doe neuer die, Because the matter that remaines Reformes another thing thereby. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 59 When the soul by cogitation reforming these things, which are conceived in opinion by memory and sense [etc.]. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 93 Its prime Errand was to reform and new-mold the Earth. 1798 W. S. Landor Gebir iv. 128 She had words to speak, She form'd them and reform'd them. 1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto III lix. 32 Our little selves re-form'd in finer clay. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 924 The formation goes on continuously, so that..a fresh deposit..is re-formed in about twenty years. 1927 Jrnl. Ecol. 15 294 Humus is re-formed and small-leaved shrubs become much more abundant. 1962 T. Dobzhansky Mankind Evolving ii. 37 If the double helix separates into two single threads each can re-form an exact copy of the original double structure. 2003 M. Belson On the Press vi. 195 The Division re-formed the long time defunked [sic] nursing section. b. intransitive. To form or take shape again. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > have (specific) shape [verb (intransitive)] > assume definite shape > new or different schematize1650 re-form1827 transfigure1840 metamorphosize1967 the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > be or become restored [verb (intransitive)] > re-form resiliate1755 re-form1827 1827 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 28 266 Right eye free from inflammation, but very weak; left eye much improved; cornea becoming more prominent; and anterior chamber re-forming. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xiii. 133 The processions re-formed, the carriages rolled slowly through the crowd. 1890 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis v. 99 This precipitate..re-formed on the further addition of the dye. 1950 W. Stegner Preacher & Slave i. iv. 51 The lights of the harbor splinter and re-form and shine with diamond brilliance in the wind-split night. 1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells vii. 253 In experiments in which removal of the centrosphere alone was attempted, asters always re-formed eventually. 2008 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 15 Feb. 28 I'm against all bands re-forming. I think it's really sad. 2. Military. a. transitive. To draw up (troops) into order or formation again. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) raya1387 impale1553 to draw out1587 body1603 to draw up1608 re-form1753 form1816 1753 R. Rolt Mem. Life J. Lindesay iii. ii. 229 The enemy without, who..in not sustaining their friends, gave time to the broken troops to be rallied, and re-formed in the openings. 1798 W. Belsham Hist. Great Brit. IV. ii. 152 He..displayed all the ability and presence of mind of a great General, in re-forming the troops and restoring order and confidence. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. ii. iii. 223 Order was again restored, and the line re-formed. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 13 Unfix Swords. Re-form Company. 1910 A. Bierce Coll. Wks. III. 119 The line was reëstablished with fresh men, the roll called, the stragglers were re-formed. 1985 Times 5 July 10/4 Here he re-formed his men and led them to another dominating ridge 500 yards away. b. intransitive. Of troops: to form ranks again; to regain order, get back into formation. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form or reform [verb (intransitive)] form1723 re-form1761 1761 Ess. Art War 98 Which second [rank] will consequently have Ground enough, both to march and re-form into Order of Battle. 1795 Edinb. Mag. Dec. 477/2 The Austrians, however, having re-formed on this side of the town, advanced again. 1847 Infantry Man. (1854) 97 No advanced guard.., after carrying a post, should..be permitted to advance without reforming. 1854 J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) II. xx. 311 At that well known..voice, the flying troops immediately re-formed. 1899 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 19 Oct. in Highland Jrnls. (1980) ii. 223 My guard of Gordon Highlanders..marched past me and reformed in line. 1945 Collier's 14 Apr. 57/1 Across the field we attacked a ridge. The enemy rose up out of holes to hurl our assault back. The squads re-formed and went up again. 1990 M. Dobbs Wall Games (BNC) 128 He had been caught by the thrill of battle...‘Go after them,’ he barked. ‘Don't let them re-form.’ 3. transitive. Manufacturing Technology. To subject (petrol, hydrocarbons, etc.) to re-forming (re-forming n.² 2). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [verb] > petroleum reforming re-form1924 1924 Proc. 31st Ann. Convention Pacific Coast Gas Assoc. 724 The artificial gas portion of the commercial mixture may be manufactured by ‘reforming’ natural gas rather than by producing this gas from oil. 1941 W. L. Nelson Petroleum Refinery Engin. (ed. 2) xxiv. 527 These authors conclude that it is not economical to top the light gasoline and reform the naphtha separately. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XI. 403/2 In a typical operation, a Pennsylvania straight-run gasoline of 44 octane number may be reformed to give a product with an octane number of 80. 1998 Jrnl. Power Sources 71 111 Natural gas can be reformed directly on the nickel cermet anode. 2006 Innovation in Energy Technol. (OECD) vi. 170 Petroleum companies are actively engaging in the development of technologies for reforming gasoline and kerosene. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1597v.²?1387
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re-formn.1

re-formv.2

re-formn.¹

re-formv.²