单词 | ranger |
释义 | rangern.1 A person who or thing which ranges. 1. a. Originally: a forester, a gamekeeper. Subsequently: a keeper of a royal park (also as an honorary title). Now esp.: a warden of a national or state park or forest; cf. park ranger n. at park n. Compounds 2. Also in extended use.fire ranger: see fire n. and int. Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > forester > officer in charge of forest woodwardc1050 forester1297 ranger1327 walker1482 keeper1488 wood-master15.. grazierc1503 wood-reeve1579 woodman1594 Warden of the Forest1598 rider1647 conservator1733 woodwarden1748 wood-forester1865 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > gamekeeping > [noun] > gamekeeper warrener1297 ranger1327 walker1482 underkeeper1502 browser1538 tineman1577 waterkeeper1590 gamekeeper1645 rider1647 preserver1749 garde champêtre1814 field ranger1835 warden1835 velveteens1857 keeper1863 game warden1876 pisteur1936 society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > forest or park officials forester1297 ranger1327 paler1464 paleman1503 bow-bearera1552 palester1574 agistor1594 Warden of the Forest1598 gist-taker1626 rider1647 agister1677 gavellerc1692 field ranger1835 1327 in B. Thuresson Middle Eng. Occup. Terms (1950) 72 (MED) Sim. Ranger. 1375 Inquisition Post Mortem (P.R.O.: C 135/252) m. 23 Et est ibidem [sc. Rotherfield, Sussex] vnus Raungier per totam chaciam predictam. 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 318/1 Almaner and singuler Offices of Foresters and Raungers of oure said Forestes. 1464 Rolls of Parl. V. 543/2 Provided alwey that this Acte..extende not..to John Peke..one of the Raungers within oure Forest of Dene..and to John Kendale..oon of the Raungers..within the seid Forest. 1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Biii I come for my selfe and suche other mo Rangers and kepers of certayne places As forestes, parkes, purlewes and chases. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 159 [Wolves] walk not widely, as they were woont, For fear of raungers, and the great hoont. 1632 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 288 The lopps and topps were all worth but 46s, and he agreed with the Ranger of the Forrest for them. 1653 W. Denny Pelecanicidium iii. ix. 199 A Lodg is the lonelie Dwelling of A Keeper in a Park; Of a Ranger in a Chace; or of a Forrester in a Forrest. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 420 Tyrrheus, chief Ranger to the Latian King. 1717 J. Gay Three Hours after Marriage i. 1 The Clergy have a noble Command, in being Rangers of the Park of Matrimony. 1788 H. Walpole Reminiscences (1924) 131 We afterwards recollected that lord Bute was ranger of the park. 1813 W. Scott Rokeby iii. 106 He heard the rangers' loud halloo, Beating each cover..As if to start the sylvan game. 1895 Whitaker's Almanack 169/2 St. James's, Green, and Hyde Parks—Ranger, H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge. 1938 R. Finlayson Brown Man's Burden 40 The rangers had spotted them spearing the trout. 1970 Cape Times 28 Oct. 3/2 The Simonstown Town Council is inviting applications from people to act as beach rangers during the summer season at R20 a week. 1976 J. van de Wetering Tumbleweed xiii. 132 He became a ranger on a nature reserve. 1995 Guardian 10 Aug. (Society section) 5/5 The Duke of Edinburgh is ranger of Windsor Great Park. 2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 2 June i. 6/5 A Zambian ranger..said that photo-tour operators..have been battling for rights to the park. b. Originally U.S., now chiefly Australian and New Zealand. An officer employed to round up stray domestic animals or livestock. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > droving > rounding up > person or persons ranger1744 musterer1863 roundup1878 1744 Pennsylvania Gaz. 15 Nov. 3/3 (advt.) Any Person or Persons, who have lost one or more of the following Strays, by applying to William Hartley, of Charles Town, Chief-Ranger for Chester County,..may be informed where to find them. 1796 in G. Imlay Topogr. Descr. W. Territory N. Amer. (1797) 535 [The county court] shall also have power to appoint one register and ranger for the county, who shall hold their offices during good behaviour. 1828 Cherokee Phoenix (New Echota, Georgia) 27 Mar. 1/2 The ranger shall be entitled to one dollar for every horse so posted. 1886 Evening Bell (Auckland, N.Z.) 29 June 8/4 Borough of Newton. Written applications for Poundkeeper and Ranger will be received up to 5 o'clock on Thursday, July 1. 1926 A. F. Webb Miss Peters' Special 50 The ranger's got the cow. 1990 Kalgoorlie (W. Austral.) Miner 13 Mar. 4/2 The lawful procedure regarding nuisance dogs is for the offended person to advise the town ranger. 2005 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 10 May 5 While livestock owners are responsible for keeping their stock inside their properties, councils are obliged to send rangers to contain the animals if alerted to stray cattle. 2. a. A rover, a wanderer; †a rake (obsolete). Also: (Australian) = bush-ranger n.See also beach, prairie ranger at first word. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [noun] > person unthriftc1330 riotor1389 rioterc1440 palliard1484 skyrgalliarda1529 rakehellc1560 ranger1560 rakeshame1598 dissolute1608 pavement-beater1611 rakell1622 ranter1652 huzza1660 whorehopper1664 profligate1679 rakehellonian1692 rake1693 buck1725 blood1749 gay blade1750 have-at-alla1761 rakehellyc1768 hell-rake?1774 randan1779 rip1781 roué1781 hell-raker1816 tiger1827 raver1960 dog1994 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > wanderer striker1393 roamerc1400 wandererc1440 whirlerc1440 gangrela1450 fluttererc1450 straggler1530 gadlinga1542 ranger1560 rover1568 fugitive1570 rangler1575 fleeter1581 extravagant1583 scatterling1590 vagranta1592 rambler1624 erratic1669 stravaiger1821 multivagant1895 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > brigand > [noun] > in other countries dacoit1788 gang-robber1812 bush-ranger1817 klepht1820 flayer1832 ranger1840 dacoity1849 sticker-up1853 boh1888 demon1909 shifta1920 1560 T. Churchyard Contention betwyxte Churchyeard & Camell sig. Bi/1 Mad raungers, that so raunge at large. 1593 N. Breton in Phœnix Nest (Grosart) I. 6/1 The Rookes, no raungers out of raie The Pawnes, the pages [etc.]. 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered v. 17 Accusing his father..for an whoremaster and..a raunger. 1636 T. Heywood Loves Maistresse Epil., in Wks. (1874) V. 88 Mercury shall flie..Upon your errands, prove your happy ranger. 1696 T. Dilke Lover's Luck i. 7 We are both at present as it were Rangers, and Men at large. a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium 119 in Wks. (1721) II. The Rangers in the wild just God design'd [etc.]. 1788 P. Stockdale Ximenes iii. viii. 68 Check the wild ranger with the curb of reason. 1818 J. Keats Endymion iv. 173 I've been a ranger In search of pleasure throughout every clime. 1840 Sydney Herald 9 Sept. 2/3 It seems as though the constabulary there, are either too weak-handed or hearted!—for the rangers are still there, and at large. 1862 Mudgee (New S. Wales) Liberal 28 Nov. 2/6 Down on his knees pops our repentant ranger, and earnestly pleads for mercy for the sake of his wife and babes. 1865 J. M. Neale Hymns Paradise 28 On this sea my bark, poor ranger, Is from pirates sore in danger. 1920 D. M. Boyle Where Lilith Dances ii. 28 Who is the stranger, With morn in his eyes, This desperate ranger Of earth and the skies? 1980 O. Ruhen Bullock Teams 86 A few experiences with bushrangers had taught him to be careful of the way he carried money…Usually, however, the 'rangers did not rib the teamsters. 2000 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 6 Jan. 18 Madison-based rock band Paradox..is a group of rock rangers wandering from the heavy to the more progressive sides of the rock scale. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [noun] > unusually large sea1582 tenth wave1585 sea-mountain1694 mountain wave1696 seventh wave1759 death wave1832 fluctuosity1850 Spanish wave1852 ranger1891 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 31 Aug. 4/3 The character of the great wave is a mystery... The sailors declared that it was a not unfamiliar phenomenon, and called it ‘a ranger’. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > [noun] > action of arranging > one who disponer1558 placera1578 ranger1611 disposer1624 marshaller1718 arranger1826 composer1836 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xii. 33 (margin) Rangers of battell. 1626 G. Markham Souldiers Gram. v. 60 The Rangers of such Battailes haue returned Victors. a1703 R. Hooke Disc. Earthquakes in Posthumous Wks. (1705) 279 Readers of History, Criticks, Rangers and Namesetters of Things. 4. a. A hunting dog that ranges over the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > sporting or hunting dog kennet?a1400 greffier1575 velter1598 lucern1607 huntera1616 ranger1616 gun-dog1746 sporter1825 hunting dog1833 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) vii. xxii. 679 It is hard to haue one spannell to be absolute cunning in all the qualities of hunting, as to be an excellent raunger, an excellent finder, and an excellent retainer. 1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper v. i. 52 Your coupled Spaniels, when they are once let loose, are afterwards the highest Rangers. 1736 J. Kelly French Idioms 15/2 That dog has too much mettle (it is too high a ranger). 1754 A. Berthelson Eng. & Danish Dict. at Ranger A dog that is a high or good ranger, en goed spor-hund. 1859 ‘Stonehenge’ Dog ii. v. 315 A wider ranger, with perhaps a trifle less delicacy of nose, will be preferred for grouse-shooting. 1890 H. H. Dogs for Gun iii. iii. 103 I took him [sc. a pointer] out with five high rangers in a 200 acre field. 1921 Wichita Daily Times (Wichita Falls, Texas) 3 July (advt.) Well trained, a wide ranger; a wonderful hunting dog. 1990 L. Mueller Speed train your Bird Dog ii. xvii. 212 This is also a handy command in case a less-than-animated short ranger starts pottering on foot scent. b. Canadian. The common or harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, esp. one in its third year. Also ranger seal. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Pinnipedia (seal, sea lion, or walrus) > [noun] > family Phocidae > genus phoca > phoca vitulina (common seal) sealc893 sea-calfa1387 sea-dog1598 soile1602 harbour seal1766 doter1770 ranger1771 1771 G. Cartwright Jrnl. 30 June (1792) I. 136 At one o'clock this morning the rinders returned..and informed me that they..had killed an otter, a porcupine, and a ranger. 1861 L. De Boilieu Recoll. Labrador Life 97 The next kind is a small and beautiful animal, called the Ranger, which remains on the coast all the winter. 1884 J. A. Allen in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 58 The Harbor Seal. Phoca vitulina. The young are there [i.e. in Newfoundland] also called ‘Rangers’. 1895 Outing 27 214/2 We..secured a fine young ranger seal. 1906 N. Duncan Adventures Billy Topsail 281 Archie and Billy came upon a family of four..two grown harps, a ‘jar’, which is a one year old seal, and a ranger, which is three years old and spotted like a leopard. 1958 A. W. Cameron Canad. Mammals 55 The dark markings are responsible for another name often applied to him—‘leopard seal’... In Newfoundland he bears the unusual name ‘ranger’. 1977 C. Brice-Bennett Our Footpr. are Everywhere 128 Ranger and grey seals migrate north to shallow areas near rocky shores... Old rangers (dotters) are especially clever at concealing themselves. c. Any of various other animals; esp. (North American) a variety of the black bear, Ursus americanus. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Ursidae (bear) > [noun] > genus Ursus > miscellaneous types of ranger1825 sun bear1833 1825 C. Waterton Wanderings in S. Amer. iii. 177 A species of large red Ant in Guiana, sometimes called Ranger, sometimes Coushie. 1846 C. L. Hatheway Hist. New Brunswick 64 The common Ant Bear has very short legs, and is considered less destructive among the stock than the long-legged ranger, with a brown nose and a white spot in his breast. 1868 Amer. Naturalist 1 657 I had at one time two tamed [black bears]... One was what is called the ‘Ranger’ Bear... The other was what is called a ‘Hog Bear’... I am sure the Hog Bear and Ranger are of one species. 1887 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 4 278 The Sp. besugo, a kind of sea-bream, is called in English ranger. 1905 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 11 Mar. 6/4 A ranger-bear learned in traps and the ways of men. d. U.S. A horse used, or a cow or sheep grazed, on the range. ΚΠ 1855 F. S. Marryat Mountains & Molehills xi I had two horses; one was an old grey ‘Texian Ranger’. 1885 Weekly New Mexican Rev. 7 May 3/6 Benjamin McLean,..now a heavy cattle raiser in Socorro county, with 28,000 head of rangers there, is stopping at the Las Vegas springs. 1887 S. Powers Amer. Merino xxii. 214 In the southern half of this region there are still immense numbers of the old natives, or ‘mountain rangers’, whose bald heads denote a mongrel Leicester blood. 1903 Rep. Kansas State Board Agric. 1901–2 15 The best rangers I ever saw on the Chicago market were high-grade Short-horns from Montana. 1922 A. C. Davenport Amer. Live Stock Market xiv. 108 There are several different kinds of cattle: Natives, that is, cattle bred and raised on the farms of the corn belt and eastern states; westerns or rangers, the kind commonly produced on the big ranches or ranges of the western states. 1935 Amer. Speech 10 271/2 Rangers, unfattened lambs or other stock from the range territory. 5. a. Chiefly North American. A member of an organized body of armed men who range over a tract of country for its protection. Cf. ranging company n. at ranging adj. Compounds. Now historical.partisan, Texas Ranger, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > cavalry > foreign ranger1670 Hamidieh1898 1670 H. Cole in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1800) 1st Ser. VI. 211 [I] saw one of captain Willet's rangers coming on post on horseback. 1692 Cal. Virginia State Papers (1875) I. 38 [Petition of Left David Straughan and] ‘eight Rangers’ [for pay for services]. 1733 Colonial Rec. Georgia (1905) III. 90 Captain Macpherson with fifteen of the Rangers..cover'd and protected the new Settlers. 1742 State Prov. Georgia (1897) 15 For the defense of the colony now, it is necessary to have..rangers who can ride the woods. 1780 J. Rogers (title) A sermon preached at Lisnavein..to the Lisnavein Independent Rangers, Trough Volunteers, Lisluney Volunteers, and Monaghan Rangers. 1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam I. iv. 81 The rangers in Virginia, who were sent out against the Cherokee Indians. 1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies ii, in Crayon Misc. I. 24 We learnt that a company of mounted rangers, or rifle~men, had departed but three days previous. 1882 H. de Windt On Equator 34 The ‘Sarawak Rangers’..are recruited from Malays and Dyaks. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 2 June 8/3 Governor Ysabel, of the Mexican province of Senora [sic],..will be met there by a force of American rangers from Bisbee... It is thought that the arrival of the Rangers from Bisbee will restore order. 1952 Agric. Hist. 26 19/2 Frontier defense used garrisons, militia, and rangers to patrol from garrison to garrison. 2004 W. R. Nester Frontier War for Amer. Independence 151 Their general..did nothing to delay the enemy and little to determine Burgoyne's intentions other than send out Whitcomb's rangers. b. Chiefly U.S. With capital initial. A member of an elite American military unit specially trained for close combat and raiding; = commando n. 3a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier of specific force or unit > [noun] spahi1562 legionnaire1595 strelitz1603 Croat1623 deli1667 Croatian1700 lancer1712 highlander1725 lambs1744 royals1762 light-bob1778 fly-slicer1785 Life Guardsman1785 royals?1795 Hottentot1796 yeoman1798 pandour1800 Faugh-a-Ballaghsc1811 forty-two man1816 kilty1842 Zouave1848 bumblerc1850 Inniskilliner1853 blue cap1857 turco1860 Zou-Zou1860 mudlark1878 king's man1883 Johnny1888 Piffer1892 evzone1897 horse gunner1897 dink1906 army ranger1910 grognard1912 Jock1914 chocolate soldier1915 Cook's tourist1915 dinkum1916 Anzaca1918 choc1917 ranger1942 Chindit1943 Desert Rat1944 Green Beret1949 1942 Christian Sci. Monitor 19 Aug. 7/6 Rifle tracer bullets singed by so close that one punctured a mess kit slung from a Ranger's belt. 1942 N.Y. Times 20 Aug. 1/5 The first American troops to receive a baptism of fire in Europe in this war were the men of the United States Ranger Battalion who fought in the Dieppe raid today. It was the first time the name Rangers had appeared in a war communiqué anywhere. 1961 B. Fergusson Watery Maze vii. 180 The Commandos had a number of Rangers, their American counterparts, attached to them for experience. 1994 R. H. Scales Certain Victory 28 The Ranger battalions did indeed set the standards throughout the Army for training, physical fitness, and discipline. 2004 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 24 Apr. b1/2 The former Arizona Cardinals safety was killed Thursday night in a firefight while on combat patrol with the Army Rangers in Afghanistan. 6. Originally British. Usually with capital initial. = Ranger Guide n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > specific societies or organizations > [noun] > specific youth organizations > members of scouts or guides Boy Scout1908 patrol leader1908 scout1908 scoutmaster1908 tenderfoot1908 captain1909 Girl Guide1909 Girl Scout1909 lieutenant1909 pathfinder1911 sea scout1911 rosebud1914 brownie1916 sixer1916 tenderpad1916 Brown Owl1918 rover1918 Rover Scout1918 ranger1920 tawny owl1921 Cub1922 Akela1924 scouter1930 Guider1931 den mother1936 Queen's Guide1946 Queen's Scout1952 Venture Scout1966 Beaver1975 skipper1986 1920 O. Baden-Powell in Girl Guides' Gaz. June 102/1 Here it is: ‘Ranger’. If you look it up in the dictionary you will find it means quite a number of things. To range is ‘to set in proper order’, ‘to roam’, and this might well mean that you are going to tread ground as a Senior Guide that as a Guide you have not yet passed. 1921 G. I. J. Potts Girl Guide Badges 2 The Service Star for Guiders and Rangers is worn on a red cloth ground. 1929 Second Bk. of Ranger Games 72 This is a favourite game with Rangers. 1944 Times 5 May 7/2 Guiders, Rangers, Guides and Brownies continued to render valuable war service. 1977 Daily Tel. 2 June 18 Early photographs showing the Queen, Princess Margaret and other members of the Royal family as Brownies, Guides or Rangers will be among the exhibits. 2007 N. Devon Jrnl. (Nexis) 12 July 10 In her role as girl guide she is set to be presented with the Baden Powell award..before moving on to the new rangers group in September. Compounds Ranger Guide n. originally British a member of the senior branch of the Guides Association (formerly known as the Girl Guides Association).After leaving the Guides Section, a girl can become a member of the Ranger Guides. The age at which one can become a Ranger Guide varies from country to country; in Britain, Ranger Guides are between 14 and 25 years of age. ΚΠ 1920 O. Baden-Powell in Girl Guides' Gaz. June 102/2 Another definition is that to range is to ‘sail along in a parallel direction’, and so we can feel that the Ranger Guides are complementary to the Rover Scouts. 1976 Ulverston (Cumbria) News 3 Dec. 1/4 She has kept up her membership of the Ranger Guides and still finds time for some needlework. 2005 Daily Mail (Nexis) 2 Nov. 61 I ended up marrying someone who had spent an indecent amount of her teenage years in the Ranger Guides. Ranger Guider n. originally British a leader of a unit of Ranger Guides. ΚΠ 1936 M. M. Monteith (Girl Guides Assoc.) (title) The Ranger Guider's job. 1977 Guider July 319/2 An enthusiastic Ranger Guider will invite older Guides to some of the interesting Ranger activities as ‘tasters’. 2001 S. Wales Echo (Nexis) 31 Dec. 3 Former Ranger Guider Dorothy Head admits she's ‘still quaking from head to foot’ at the thought of meeting the Queen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † rangern.2 Obsolete. A sieve. Also ranger sieve. Cf. range n.2 ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > straining > [noun] > strainer strainer1326 renge?1362 canvasc1386 strain1432 searcec1440 sye1468 runnera1475 ranger1485 renger1510 searce-net1526 colatory?1541 range1542 sight1559 sythe1568 colature1577 tamis1601 sile-dish1668 hurdle1725 kenting1725 stamin1725 tammy1769 tamin1847 vat-neta1884 chinois1937 1485 in G. W. Kitchin Compotus Rolls St. Swithun's, Winchester (1892) 383 j Ranger. 1498 in G. W. Kitchin Compotus Rolls St. Swithun's, Winchester (1892) 387 In j Fyne Ranger empto x d. In iiij Cours Rangers emptis xviij d. 1562 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) I. 178 A syve & a ranger. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 100 Rushes so big, that they will serue to make sieues, rangers, and vans. 1623 G. Markham Countrey Contentm. (ed. 2) ii. 105 Take out the quinces and let them coole, and let the pickle in which they were boyld, stand to coole also; then straine it through a raunger siue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2020). rangerv.1 Now rare. transitive (reflexive). To adopt a more regular lifestyle; to settle down. Cf. rangé adj. 2, range v.1 13.Used only in the infinitive form. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > way of life > [verb (reflexive)] > adopt a regular way of life range1854 ranger1854 1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xxxii. 320 It is high time that Kew should ranger himself... I am sure he will make the best husband..in England. 1883 W. James Let. 2 May in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 753 The time had come that I should ranger myself. 1924 J. Buchan Three Hostages xiii. 182 I heard somewhere you were goin' to be married... What do you call it—ranger yourself? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rangerv.2 Chiefly U.S. intransitive. To be or act as a ranger; spec. to work as a park or forest ranger. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > keep cattle [verb (intransitive)] > herd cattle bubulcitate1623 night-herd1888 ranger1909 punch1910 swamp1926 1909 ‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny xvi. 263 We fought Kiowas, drove cattle, and rangered side by side nearly all over Texas. 1979 P. L. Sandberg Stubb's Run ii. 9 He had rangered in the Sawcut for seventeen years. 2002 San Gabriel Valley (Calif.) Tribune (Nexis) 13 Jan. Angle rangered in California parks and led the charge to save the state's redwoods. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.11327n.21485v.11854v.21909 |
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