berayv.

Forms: 1500s beraye, ( berey), 1500s–1600s beray, 1600s–1800s nonstandard bewray. past tense and past participle 1500s–1600s beraid, beraied, berayed.

Etymology: < be- prefix 2 + ray v.¹ (aphetic form of array v.: compare for the sense array v. 10). Generally mis-spelt by modern writers through confusion with bewray v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: beˈray.

Obsolete or archaic.

a. transitive. To disfigure, dirty, defile, befoul (with dirt, filth, ordure).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty [verb (transitive)]

uncleanseOE

horyc1200

befoulc1320

behorewe1340

file1340

flobber1377

smatterc1386

foulc1400

slurryc1440

filtha1450

sowla1450

sollc1480

bawdy1495

squagea1500

arrayc1525

ray1526

bawdc1529

beray1530

filthify1545

belime1555

soss1557

embroyn1566

dirt1570

filthy1581

turpifya1586

dirty1591

muck1618

bedirt1622

bedirty1623

smooch1631

dight1632

fewma1637

snuddle1661

bepaw1684

puddle1698

nasty1707

muddify1739

scavenger1806

mucky1828

squalidize1837

mullock1861

muddy1893

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 449/1 You have berayed your gowne with myer.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 208/2 in Chron. I The king was slaine..and the bed all berayed with bloud.

1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 62 It's an ill bird that beraies its own nest.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §28. 470/1 When he was Baptized, he berayed the Font.

1703 D. Defoe True-born Englishman in True Coll. I. Explan. Pref. sig. B1 I am tax'd with Bewraying my own Nest.

1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous I. vii. 190 His Countenance and his Raiment were all smirched and bewrayed with dabs and patches of what seemed soot.

b. reflexive and intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > dirty or soil with specific kinds of dirt [verb (transitive)] > dirty with excrement

beshiteOE

bedo?c1225

soil1297

bedungc1450

beray1575

foul1588

becack1598

bescumber1598

bemute1634

immerd1635

conskite1653

crap1846

pooh1989

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > dirty or soil with specific kinds of dirt [verb (reflexive)] > dirty with excrement

shitc1475

beray1575

1575 J. Awdely Fraternitye of Vacabondes (new ed.) sig. B3^v This knaue berayeth many tymes in the corners of his Maisters chamber.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Arc To be beshitten; to beray himselfe.

1649 R. Hodges Plainest Direct. 27 The childe did bewray, that hee would beray himself.

2. figurative. To befoul, stain, disfigure; to asperse, to cover with abuse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > abuse [verb (transitive)]

vilea1300

rebutc1330

revilea1393

arunt1399

stainc1450

brawl1474

vituper1484

rebalk1501

to call (rarely to speak) (all) to naught1542

rattle1542

vituperate1542

bedaub1570

beray1576

bespurt1579

wring1581

misuse1583

caperclaw1589

abuse1592

rail1592

exagitate1593

to shoot atc1595

belabour1596

to scour one's mouth on1598

bespurtle1604

conviciate1604

scandala1616

delitigate1623

betongue1639

bespatter1644

rant1647

palt1648

opprobriatea1657

pelt1658

proscind1659

inveigh1670

clapperclaw1692

blackguard1767

philippize1804

drub1811

foul-mouth1822

bullyrag1823

target1837

barge1841

to light on ——1842

slang1844

villainize1857

slangwhang1880

slam-bang1888

vituperize1894

bad-mouth1941

slag1958

zing1962

to dump on (occasionally all over)1967

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile

afileeOE

awemOE

filec1175

wemc1175

soila1250

foulc1330

defoula1340

bleckc1380

blemishc1380

pollutea1382

tache1390

sulpa1400

vilec1400

spota1413

stain1446

defilec1450

violate1490

tan1530

smear1549

beray1576

moil1596

discolour1598

smut1601

bespurtle1604

sullya1616

commaculatec1616

decolour?c1622

collutulate1623

deturpate1623

berust1631

smutch1640

discolorate1651

smoot1683

tarnish1695

tar1817

dirten1987

1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. C.ij^v Wherein I see, a quicke capacitye, Berayde with blots of light Inconstancie.

1606 Returne from Pernassus iv. iii. sig. G3 Our fellow Shakespeare hath giuen him a purge that made him beray his credit.

1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous I. x. 287 [She] did so bemaul and bewray Madam Macphilader with her tongue.

Derivatives

berayed adj.

ΚΠ

1913 A. E. Waite tr. É. Lévi Hist. Magic 17 How could the reprobate and bewrayed spirit have more power in certain ways and cases than the just spirit?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	beray
释义	berayv. Forms: 1500s beraye, ( berey), 1500s–1600s beray, 1600s–1800s nonstandard bewray. past tense and past participle 1500s–1600s beraid, beraied, berayed. Etymology: < be- prefix 2 + ray v.¹ (aphetic form of array v.: compare for the sense array v. 10). Generally mis-spelt by modern writers through confusion with bewray v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: beˈray. Obsolete or archaic. 1. a. transitive. To disfigure, dirty, defile, befoul (with dirt, filth, ordure). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty [verb (transitive)] uncleanseOE horyc1200 befoulc1320 behorewe1340 file1340 flobber1377 smatterc1386 foulc1400 slurryc1440 filtha1450 sowla1450 sollc1480 bawdy1495 squagea1500 arrayc1525 ray1526 bawdc1529 beray1530 filthify1545 belime1555 soss1557 embroyn1566 dirt1570 filthy1581 turpifya1586 dirty1591 muck1618 bedirt1622 bedirty1623 smooch1631 dight1632 fewma1637 snuddle1661 bepaw1684 puddle1698 nasty1707 muddify1739 scavenger1806 mucky1828 squalidize1837 mullock1861 muddy1893 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 449/1 You have berayed your gowne with myer. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 208/2 in Chron. I The king was slaine..and the bed all berayed with bloud. 1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 62 It's an ill bird that beraies its own nest. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §28. 470/1 When he was Baptized, he berayed the Font. 1703 D. Defoe True-born Englishman in True Coll. I. Explan. Pref. sig. B1 I am tax'd with Bewraying my own Nest. 1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous I. vii. 190 His Countenance and his Raiment were all smirched and bewrayed with dabs and patches of what seemed soot. b. reflexive and intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > dirty or soil with specific kinds of dirt [verb (transitive)] > dirty with excrement beshiteOE bedo?c1225 soil1297 bedungc1450 beray1575 foul1588 becack1598 bescumber1598 bemute1634 immerd1635 conskite1653 crap1846 pooh1989 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > dirty or soil with specific kinds of dirt [verb (reflexive)] > dirty with excrement shitc1475 beray1575 1575 J. Awdely Fraternitye of Vacabondes (new ed.) sig. B3^v This knaue berayeth many tymes in the corners of his Maisters chamber. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Arc To be beshitten; to beray himselfe. 1649 R. Hodges Plainest Direct. 27 The childe did bewray, that hee would beray himself. 2. figurative. To befoul, stain, disfigure; to asperse, to cover with abuse. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > abuse [verb (transitive)] vilea1300 rebutc1330 revilea1393 arunt1399 stainc1450 brawl1474 vituper1484 rebalk1501 to call (rarely to speak) (all) to naught1542 rattle1542 vituperate1542 bedaub1570 beray1576 bespurt1579 wring1581 misuse1583 caperclaw1589 abuse1592 rail1592 exagitate1593 to shoot atc1595 belabour1596 to scour one's mouth on1598 bespurtle1604 conviciate1604 scandala1616 delitigate1623 betongue1639 bespatter1644 rant1647 palt1648 opprobriatea1657 pelt1658 proscind1659 inveigh1670 clapperclaw1692 blackguard1767 philippize1804 drub1811 foul-mouth1822 bullyrag1823 target1837 barge1841 to light on ——1842 slang1844 villainize1857 slangwhang1880 slam-bang1888 vituperize1894 bad-mouth1941 slag1958 zing1962 to dump on (occasionally all over)1967 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > pollute or defile afileeOE awemOE filec1175 wemc1175 soila1250 foulc1330 defoula1340 bleckc1380 blemishc1380 pollutea1382 tache1390 sulpa1400 vilec1400 spota1413 stain1446 defilec1450 violate1490 tan1530 smear1549 beray1576 moil1596 discolour1598 smut1601 bespurtle1604 sullya1616 commaculatec1616 decolour?c1622 collutulate1623 deturpate1623 berust1631 smutch1640 discolorate1651 smoot1683 tarnish1695 tar1817 dirten1987 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. C.ij^v Wherein I see, a quicke capacitye, Berayde with blots of light Inconstancie. 1606 Returne from Pernassus iv. iii. sig. G3 Our fellow Shakespeare hath giuen him a purge that made him beray his credit. 1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous I. x. 287 [She] did so bemaul and bewray Madam Macphilader with her tongue. Derivatives berayed adj. ΚΠ 1913 A. E. Waite tr. É. Lévi Hist. Magic 17 How could the reprobate and bewrayed spirit have more power in certain ways and cases than the just spirit? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.1530
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