raiyatn.

Brit.

/ˈrʌɪət/, U.S.

/ˈraɪət/

Inflections: Plural raiyats, unchanged.

Forms:

α. 1600s riat, 1700s–1800s ryott, 1700s– ryat, 1700s– ryatt, 1700s– ryot, 1800s riot, 1800s ryet.

β. 1700s raiyot, 1700s reiot, 1700s–1800s reyot, 1800s rayet, 1800s– raiyat, 1800s– rayat, 1900s– raiat.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu raʿīyat; Persian raʿīyat.

Etymology: < Urdu raʿīyat (agricultural) peasant and its etymon Persian raʿīyat subject population, peasants (usually collectively; now hist.) < Arabic raʿīyat- , raʿīya herd, flock, a ruler's subjects (see rayah n.).

In South Asia: a peasant, husbandman, or cultivating tenant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > tenant farmer

farmerc1430

fee-farmer1468

renter1593

raiyat1625

farm holder1681

sky farmer1763

métayer1776

gebur1861

mezzadro1882

bywoner1886

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant

tillman940

churla1000

ploughman1223

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

ploughswain1296

countrymanc1300

boundec1320

Hobc1325

charla1400

landmana1400

Jack (John) Upland1402

carlc1405

bowerc1430

peasanta1450

rurala1475

agrest1480

bergier1480

carlleina1500

rustical?1532

ploughboy1544

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

tillsman1561

clown1563

Jocka1568

Jock upalanda1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

swain1579

Corydon1581

mountain man1587

Phillis1589

sylvan1589

russeting1597

Joan1598

stubble boy1598

paysan1609

carlota1616

swainling1615

raiyat1625

contadino1630

under-swaina1644

high shoe1647

boorinn1649

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

countrywoman1679

villan1685

russet gown1694

ruralist1739

paysanne1748

bauer1799

bonderman1804

bodach1830

contadina1835

agrestian1837

peasantess1841

country jake1845

rufus1846

bonder1848

hayseed1851

bucolic1862

agricole1882

country jay1888

child (son, etc.) of the soil1891

hillbilly1900

palouser1903

kisan1935

woop woop1936

swede-basher1943

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > foreign

muzhik1587

boor1623

raiyat1625

fellah1743

paisanoa1836

campesino1937

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. iii. vii. 223 His poore Riats or Clownes.

1776 Depositions 18/1 in Trial J. Fowke Such oppressions as produced complaints..against him from great numbers of the Reiots.

1788 F. Gladwin tr. Mem. Khojeh Abdulkurreem 150 An army of these free-booters [sc. Mahrattas], who distressed the ryotts.

1800 Earl Mornington Let. 9 Feb. in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 192 A systematic settlement..for promoting the security and ease of the ryots.

1824 J. Morier Adventures Hajji Baba (1970) 182 We are the Shah's rayats, peasantry; whatever we have is his.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xi. 488 To make advances to the Ryots, in order to restore to them the means of cultivating the lands which had fallen into neglect.

1896 Sat. Rev. 18 Apr. 389/2 The murder of a raiyat was a matter of easy settlement.

1952 P. Griffiths Brit. Impact on India xviii. 174 The failure of the East India Company to protect the raiyat, or cultivator, at the time of the Permanent Settlement.

1996 T. N. Murari Steps from Paradise 432 Requisition funds to fill the tank with earth in order that the ryots can cultivate the ground.

2005 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 28 Mar. The planters..started pressurising the indigo-producing raiyats (peasants) to continue its production.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	raiyat
释义	raiyatn. Brit. /ˈrʌɪət/, U.S. /ˈraɪət/ Inflections: Plural raiyats, unchanged. Forms: α. 1600s riat, 1700s–1800s ryott, 1700s– ryat, 1700s– ryatt, 1700s– ryot, 1800s riot, 1800s ryet. β. 1700s raiyot, 1700s reiot, 1700s–1800s reyot, 1800s rayet, 1800s– raiyat, 1800s– rayat, 1900s– raiat. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu raʿīyat; Persian raʿīyat. Etymology: < Urdu raʿīyat (agricultural) peasant and its etymon Persian raʿīyat subject population, peasants (usually collectively; now hist.) < Arabic raʿīyat- , raʿīya herd, flock, a ruler's subjects (see rayah n.). In South Asia: a peasant, husbandman, or cultivating tenant. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > tenant farmer farmerc1430 fee-farmer1468 renter1593 raiyat1625 farm holder1681 sky farmer1763 métayer1776 gebur1861 mezzadro1882 bywoner1886 the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant tillman940 churla1000 ploughman1223 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 ploughswain1296 countrymanc1300 boundec1320 Hobc1325 charla1400 landmana1400 Jack (John) Upland1402 carlc1405 bowerc1430 peasanta1450 rurala1475 agrest1480 bergier1480 carlleina1500 rustical?1532 ploughboy1544 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 tillsman1561 clown1563 Jocka1568 Jock upalanda1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 swain1579 Corydon1581 mountain man1587 Phillis1589 sylvan1589 russeting1597 Joan1598 stubble boy1598 paysan1609 carlota1616 swainling1615 raiyat1625 contadino1630 under-swaina1644 high shoe1647 boorinn1649 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 countrywoman1679 villan1685 russet gown1694 ruralist1739 paysanne1748 bauer1799 bonderman1804 bodach1830 contadina1835 agrestian1837 peasantess1841 country jake1845 rufus1846 bonder1848 hayseed1851 bucolic1862 agricole1882 country jay1888 child (son, etc.) of the soil1891 hillbilly1900 palouser1903 kisan1935 woop woop1936 swede-basher1943 the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > foreign muzhik1587 boor1623 raiyat1625 fellah1743 paisanoa1836 campesino1937 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. iii. vii. 223 His poore Riats or Clownes. 1776 Depositions 18/1 in Trial J. Fowke Such oppressions as produced complaints..against him from great numbers of the Reiots. 1788 F. Gladwin tr. Mem. Khojeh Abdulkurreem 150 An army of these free-booters [sc. Mahrattas], who distressed the ryotts. 1800 Earl Mornington Let. 9 Feb. in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 192 A systematic settlement..for promoting the security and ease of the ryots. 1824 J. Morier Adventures Hajji Baba (1970) 182 We are the Shah's rayats, peasantry; whatever we have is his. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xi. 488 To make advances to the Ryots, in order to restore to them the means of cultivating the lands which had fallen into neglect. 1896 Sat. Rev. 18 Apr. 389/2 The murder of a raiyat was a matter of easy settlement. 1952 P. Griffiths Brit. Impact on India xviii. 174 The failure of the East India Company to protect the raiyat, or cultivator, at the time of the Permanent Settlement. 1996 T. N. Murari Steps from Paradise 432 Requisition funds to fill the tank with earth in order that the ryots can cultivate the ground. 2005 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 28 Mar. The planters..started pressurising the indigo-producing raiyats (peasants) to continue its production. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1625
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