| 释义 |
raisingn.1 Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps related to earn n.1 (see discussion at that entry). The β. forms show the influence of raising n.2, with which the word was associated in later use (compare later raising-piece n.1, raising plate n.). Compare also later reason n.2Also attested early in the place name Resne (1086), Rasne (12th cent.), (æt) Ræsnan (13th cent. in a copy of a charter of 973), now Market Rasen, Lincolnshire, probably originally denoting a plank bridge. Now historical and rare. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > joist > support for eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 276 Laquear, ræsn. OE Ælfric (St. John's Oxf.) 43 Naman generis feminini [read mascvlini]:..uenter wamb, asser ræsn, anser gandra. 1338 in J. H. Parker (ed. 5) I. 380 Item in vj peciis meremii emptis pro rasens ad eandem domum. 1423 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 162 Þe wheche Reysons Shull be suffisauntly bounde with two grete bemes with ynne þe same halle. 1491 in L. F. Salzman (1992) App. B. 551 Fro the flore to the reysing ix fote. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. x. f. 84v/2, in R. Holinshed I To vse no studdes at all, but only raysines, groundselles, transomes, and vpright principalles. 1639 Acad. Drama Cambr. in (1923) II. 204 Three Raisings or Jeece peeced in their middles lying from West to East. 1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in (ed. 2) 54 Pan..is that piece of Wood that lies upon the top of the Stone-Wall,..to which the bottom of the Spars are fastned: in Timber Buildings in the South, it is called the Rasen or Resen, or Resening. 1703 R. Neve 30 Tennons are..made on the Posts to go into the Raisons. 1734 Beam filling in building is plaisterer's work, and is the filling up the vacant space between the raison and the roof. ?1790 3 All the Roof to Lean-to's, over the Oven, Bog-houses, and Hog-styes, &c. to be done with proper Scantlings of Fir and Raisings. 1846 A. H. Holdsworth (1857) 3 [I] would attach to each side of the boat six tubes,..four of these I would secure..to the raisings below the thwarts, and two such tubes also to the raisings above the thwarts. 1994 A. H. Nelson 163 The joists of Queens' College stage platform, which lie over the raisings, are an exception. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). raisingn.2 Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: raise v.1, -ing suffix1. Etymology: < raise v.1 + -ing suffix1. 1. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding a1400 in C. Brown (1924) 233 (MED) Help vs þat of þe makeþ mynde, And doun beþ falle, Þorgh þe reisinge to finde. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Judith xiv. 9 Thei..camen and maden noise..for cause of reisyng [a1382 E.V. to reren hym; L. excitandi]. 1455 Charter in (Bannatyne Club) 185 In the lifting and raising of the saidez fourti schillingis ȝerly. c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. (Takamiya) (1977) 147 (MED) The tokynys of a febyl stomak and of febyl dygestyon be þise..reysing of wynde at þe mowth, qwyche is clepy[d] bolkyng. 1511 (Pynson) f. xviij The very hooly Crosse was prouyd by reysinge of a deed woman. c1520 in B. Cusack (1998) 53 Also rasyng off the garthyng wt ye ȝattis and payllis wt sertan frutt threys cost me Redy mony. 1591 R. Percyvall Dict. at Descerco The raising of a siege. 1622 E. Misselden 106 The dearenesse of things, which the Raising of Money bringeth with it. 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in (1672) 52 Force consisteth in the Roundings and Raisings of the Work, according as the Limbs do more or less require it. 1706 J. Ward (1734) ii. ii. §5 154 Involution is the Raising or Producing of Powers from any proposed Root. 1781 W. Cowper 8 Apr. (1979) I. 464 I send a Cucumber, not of my own raising. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in 2nd Ser. I. 38 A sign from Catharine, if that slight raising of her little finger was indeed a sign. 1842 C. Dickens II. ii. 58 Down Easters and men of Boston raising. 1894 A. B. Gomme I. 107 The pulling of the hands backwards and forwards may be taken to indicate the raising of water from a well. 1929 M. C. Work p. xv Any advice given for bidding, raising, etc., applies when the score is ‘love-all’. 1946 24 Sept. 16/4 I do not believe in using too much psychology in the raising of children. 1997 B. MacLaverty (1998) 9 Nothing to do with the betterment of mankind or the raising of the human spirit. 2002 18 Jan. i. 23/4 Bailey's most conspicuous work, however, was the raising of stones, including fallen Trilithons, at Stonehenge. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > [noun] > constructing framework of building a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif (1871) III. 361 Suspendingis, enterditingis, cursingis, and reisingis of croiserie. c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif (1880) 341 (MED) Þre reisyngis of dede bodies þat crist dide. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus xxvii. xii. 324 Sapor,..by way of open reises and raisings of booties wasted all Armenia. 1651 (1894) I. i. 29 [For] raising of the howse. 1758 I. Fletcher 23 Aug. (1994) 52 Went to Whinney to a timber raising. I think near 100 people there; plenty of meat & drink & very good. 1772 M. Cutler Jrnl. 14 May in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler (1888) I. 38 At Robert Dodge's, at a raising. 1856 G. Davis 174 Raisings were also considered as an affair of similar interest, followed by an entertainment of good things. 1861 R. C. Trench 11 Such raisings from the dead as that of the widow's son. 1874 R. Brown iv. i. 561 The lower petal or labellum exercises somewhat spontaneous movements, consisting of a raising and depression of the labellum at intervals of a few minutes. 1906 ‘R. Connor’ 33 I have never done anything but carry pins and braces at a raising all my life. 1932 31 May 1/3 A raising of the income schedules was voted by the senate itself before the president appeared. 1990 May 24/4 The result is characteristically a raising, freeing and thinning of the tone. society > education > upbringing > [noun] (Harl. 221) 428 Reysynge vp, elevacio. 1483 (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 299 A Raysynge vpe, exitacio, suscitacio. 1530 J. Palsgrave 260/2 Raysing up of a thyng, leuee. 1569 A. Golding tr. N. Hemmingsen (new ed.) f. 16v The vse and profite of this most high Article, may bee seen in strengthening and raising vp of mens consciences. 1597 J. Gerard iii. 1256 Almonds..serue for the raising vp of flegme and rotten matter. 1605 T. Playfere 38 After their raising vp, Iairus daughter straight way arose and walked. 1630 R. Sibbes iii. 306 And being falne, in our raisings up againe it is Christ that must doe the worke. 1684 J. Bunyan 67 The reason of the raising up of that Stage. View more context for this quotation 1751 B. Holloway II. 93 Healing is a Kind of raising up of the Body. 1794 G. Adams III. xxxi. 299 One considerable use of the wedge, is the raising up the beam of a house, to underprop it, when a floor begins to give way. 1849 Apr. 367 The main energies of the government must be directed to the raising up of the inferior orders. 1929 D. Runyon in Oct. 63/1 Madame La Gimp figures a baby is not apt to get much raising-up off of her as long as she is on Broadway. 1972 J. S. Hall 113 In my raisin' up two or three besides your own would set up with sick people. 2000 62 140 The raising up of a South Indian elite deeply informed by the personalities and thought of a number of remarkable missionaries. 1844 J. Ballantine i. 16 They knew..the fittest persons to superintend are the important movements connected with guarding, raising, and chipping the winner. 1892 J. Kerr in 385 Every competitor shall play four shots at..raising, and chipping the winner. 1914 J. Gordon Grant ii. ix. 141 Every competitor has to play four shots at each of the nine following ‘points’ of the game, namely, Striking, Inwicking, Drawing, Guarding, Chap and Lie, Wick and Curl in, Raising, Chipping the Winner, and Drawing through a Port. 1969 R. Welsh x. 76 You will also enlarge your repertoire of shots—by guarding, wicking, drawing through a port, raising and striking. the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > types of > articulation of 1874 H. Sweet in 15 533 This anomalous raising of a short vowel [sc. ceb for cæb] is gradually spreading among the upper classes. 1909 O. Jespersen i. viii. 231 The great vowel-shift consists in a general raising of all long vowels with the exception of the two high vowels. 1934 C. Davies 7 From the fourteenth century on this vowel [sc. ME. ǭ] underwent a gradual raising and rounding. 1959 A. Campbell 71 Just as all back vowels are subject to fronting by i-umlaut, so certain front vowels are subject to raising. 1992 J. Milroy v. 156 It is not impossible that hendes, bend attest to pre-dental raisings. the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [noun] > distension > swelling or swollenness > swelling up the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > [noun] > above a certain level > making high(er) the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > quality of being raised or elevated > raised or elevated part a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Psalms xcii. 4 The reisyngis [a1382 E.V. wawis] of the see ben wondurful. c1450 C. d'Orleans (1941) 168 Hir crowne was made with wawis nyse... The reysyng vp with flowre delise. 1572 J. Higgins (rev. ed.) Raysing, or going vp of a hyll, accliuitas. 1611 R. Cotgrave Condol, a ridge or raising of earth. 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz ii. xxviii. 196 The place..is hard and red, and a raising is there. a1706 J. Evelyn (1932) 79 The fresh raisings of Moll-hills. 1742 G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio I. 64 The floor of the Chambers is raised thirteen foot from..the ground..; and below under the raising of the thirteen foot, are the Cellars. 1832 (ed. 22) 42 If raised panels, add from whence the article arises. If moulded raisings, add [etc.]. 3. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] 1857 36 755 Mr. Pease claimed it [sc. the tobacco] as his own raising and pointed to his mark to corroborate his statement. 1869 8 Dec. Its most important ‘raisings’ are in wheat, oats, maize, tobacco, grapes, &c. 2001 5 May (Weekend Review section) 13/4 Tree buffs should note that the original raisings of Lawson cypress..still stand in the garden. 1883 W. S. Gresley 198 Raisings (F[orest of] D[ean]). See Get. Compounds C1. 1725 R. Bradley at Green plot They put the Raising Knife under the Turf and raise it up. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1874/1 Raising-knife, a knife employed by coopers in setting up the staves in form for a cask. 1853 A. Ure (ed. 4) II. 864 Model of a raising machine for raising dish covers, 1½ inch in scale. ?1881 (?1885) 254 Raising Machine Minder. 1952 Aug. 455/1 At one time teazles were always used for cloth-raising, but nowadays the process is often carried out on a card-wire raising-machine. 1999 May 87/1 (advt.) Tomlinson electro-zero raising machine. 1839 A. Ure 1230 The raising motion is effected by coupling the leaf to one end of its correspondent top lever. 1996 A. Cook i.1 It more strongly suggests a raising motion than does the English word ‘burden’, which is derived from ‘bear’. 1884 23 Feb. 3/5 Steel-pen Trade.—Wanted, a Raising-Tool Maker. 1905 June 243/2 The silver-lover must recognize the beauty and power that lay in the hammer, the raising tools and tracers of a..worker such as Marks. 1824 G. Douglas in 6 105 The crank must revolve nearly 13 times to give the raising-wheel one revolution. C2. 1885 11 Oct. 10/2 It [sc. baking powder] should certainly be preferred as a ‘raising agent’. 1984 R. Feild v. 127 Her predecessor..was trying out something entirely new as a raising agent: bicarbonate of soda, otherwise known as pearlash. 2001 P. Barham x. 152 The second method is to use a raising agent, baking powder, added to the flour. 1813 S. Williston 39 It is sinful to order business so as just to get out of the market, the merchant's store, the justice's court,..the raising-bee, [etc.]. 1832 ‘M. Doyle’ 45 This kind of work is called a raising Bee, and in the same way assistance is mutually given in beating out the Indian corn from its husks, in what is called a husking Bee. 1848 W. Irving (rev. ed.) vii. ii. 388 ‘Raising bees’ also were frequent. 1900 F. Mather 88 It was..somewhat like a ‘raising bee’ in the North, where the neighbors put up a man's house or barn from material already prepared. 2001 1 Dec. 52 They organized raising bees in which many men joined to lift heavy timbers into place. 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1874/1 Raising-board (Leather-working), a corrugated board which is rubbed upon leather after it has been tanned, shaved, daubed, and dried, in order to raise the grain. A crippler. 1910 VII. 277/2 The essence of the raising-cloth is a weft that will provide plenty of nap and yet have sufficient fibre to maintain the strength of the web. 1956 3 Dec. 15/2 Strong rayon staple..is now being sampled for a whole range of fabrics, including raising cloths in very coarse counts. 1839 A. Ure 1230 The dots, spots, or ciphers which denote the raising cords. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler (ed. 7) III. 980 To cord the treddle 1, to the back leaf, put a raising cord, and to each of the other four sinking cords. 1702 in (1879) 33 176 Provide a Raysing Dinner for the Raysing the Schoolmasters House. 1902 11 Jan. 15 (heading) She fondly remembers her log cabin, the ‘raising’ dinner, the home-made furniture, the daily tasks and joys. the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > putting nap on > machine 1804 13 Aug. 4/5 To be sold... One Raising or Brushing Gigg, with Geering complete. a1877 E. H. Knight II. 1874/1 Raising gig (Cloth manufacture), a machine for raising a nap on cloth. A gig-machine. 1952 Aug. 455/2 For really fine-quality face cloths..nothing has yet been found to equal the..traditional west of England teazle raising-gig. 2002 (Nexis) 8 Apr. (Agency section) 4 If you do not know what raising gigs or fulling stocks are..now is the chance to enjoy them in action. society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > shear-legs or gin 1497 in M. Oppenheim (1896) 91 Resing gynne of xiij peces with apparell. 1497 in M. Oppenheim (1896) 104 Shipping crane with a Reysing gynne. 1688 R. Holme iii. ix. 381/1 The Spoon Hammer, is made after the same form, but it is larger than the raising Hammer, for their way and use in working. 1846 C. Holtzapffel II. 404 Figure 277 shows the narrow edge of the raising-hammer, in the act of descending. 1949 53 95 The raising hammer..has two faces, each not less than 1¼ inches wide. 2006 (Nexis) 5 Nov. (Intermission section) 1 As Latowski waits for the steel bar to reach 1300 degrees Fahrenheit, he picks up two raising hammers. society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > excavating or sinking of shaft 1747 W. Hooson sig. Qiij Raising-Pair... The use for these is, when we begin at the Bottom of any wide Pit at the Day to Sink, we rise with these Pair upwards. 1835 A. Ure 203 The cloth passes several times to and from the raising and cutting-rooms. 1852 C. Morfit xiii. 197 The last raising vat, which contains the strongest tan-liquor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † raisingn.3Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: raise v.2, -ing suffix1. Etymology: < raise v.2 + -ing suffix1. Obsolete. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 136v Often tymes..þe disposicion nedeþ wirching with raisyng [L. rasione] with a radie suple or wiþ a knotty threde. 1530–1 c. 15 Excepted always..all raysynge of recordes. 1593 T. Nashe f. 71 v As many iagges, blysters and scarres, shall Toades..make on your pure skinnes in the graue, as nowe you haue cuts, iagges or raysings, vp on your garments. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2019). raisingadj. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: raise v.1, -ing suffix2. Etymology: < raise v.1 + -ing suffix2. ?a1450 in C. von Nolcken (1979) 56 (MED) To louse þam whome we knowe our Maker for to quickene be reisyng grace. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 68 (MED) We owe to lowse bi autorite of herd wam we know our autor to haue quicknid be grace resing. 1609 W. M. sig. D Their followers; who, by the raising hand of their Lords assistance, have ascended many high and loftie steppes of dignity. 1738 R. Davis (ed. 5) v. 194 Do thou but lend thy raising Hand. 1762 in H. Bouquet (1940) Ser. 21653. 102 I..Sent Part of the Garrison..to the upper Town upon a raising ground. ?1775 ‘Lucius’ 2 Rude heaps of massy stones confus'dly stand, Their use unknown as whose the raising hand. 1910 J. London i. ii. 16 ‘I ain't got a hunch, but I got a tolerable likable hand,’ Campbell announced, as he slid in his slip; ‘but it's not a raising hand.’ 1995 A. Abeillé in M. Everaert et al. i. 32 Most idioms allow the insertion of a raising verb between a frozen subject and a frozen verb. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1eOE n.2a1400 n.3?a1425 adj.?a1450 |
