释义 |
† raimv.Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French raimbre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French raimbre, reimbre (end of the 10th cent. as redenps , subsequently (with loss of intervocalic -d- ) c1050 as raenst , both 3rd singular perfect tense) to ransom, redeem (a person) (end of the 10th cent., originally with reference to Jesus Christ; frequently used reflexively), to exact a ransom from (a person), to plunder or rob (a person, country, etc.) (both first half of the 12th cent.), in Anglo-Norman also to earn, obtain (wealth, land, etc.) (first half of the 13th cent. or earlier), to oppress (a person) (end of the 14th cent. or earlier) (French (now regional: south, south-east, western Switzerland) reimbre , reime , roimbre , etc. to buy (goods) back, to give a discount on goods) < classical Latin redimere redeem v. Compare Middle Dutch reimeren, reimeeren, remeren ( < French). Compare also post-classical Latin raymare, reimare (1275, 1318 in British sources).In the β. forms apparently by assimilation to the reflexes of verbs of Old English weak Class II (compare -y suffix2). Obsolete. the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > recover heritage society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > ransom > [verb (transitive)] ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 101 Nalde he cunne god þonc þe mon þe duste up on him an bigurdel ful of peonewes for to reimen [c1230 Corpus Cambr. reimin; a1250 Nero areimen; a1250 Titus raimen] him wið. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 102 Þet is ure ranceun þet we schule reimen us wið. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 23156 (MED) Þai sal be dempt al wit þe wick..þat al þis weld þaim mai not raim [a1400 Fairf. raime]. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 185 We clayme þis our heritage..& þorgh hard woundes of þam salle reyme it eft. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford (1940) 23516 (MED) Britons franchis, lo, quite þai claime, ffor trespas done þam selfe to raime. 2. the mind > possession > taking > taken [verb (intransitive)] > take at will or pleasure society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > ransom > [verb (transitive)] > put to ransom the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > affect with anguish or torment the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)] c1300 St. Eustace (Laud) 192 in C. Horstmann (1887) 398 (MED) Some huy raymeden for heore lif of manie harde poundes. 1340 (1866) 44 (MED) Þe vifte is þe zenne of reuen..þet accuseþ and calengeþ þet poure uolc and ham doþ raymi [Fr. raimbre] and kueadliche lede uor a lite wynnynge þet hi habbeþ be-zide. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 43 (MED) Eilred is so reymed [Fr. raynt] of his tresorie, His wife & his childre he sent to Normundie. ?c1430 (c1400) in F. D. Matthew (1880) 185 False marchauntis..lyuen..bi..false weitis..& preisen hym most þat foulest raymeþ alle þe membris of crist..&..can bigilen þe peple. c1440 (?a1400) 100 (MED) Thow has redyn and raymede and raunsound þe pople, And kyllyde doun his cosyns. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 2488 (MED) Þis souerayn..Þoȝt to ride & to rayme [a1500 Trin. Dub. rame] þe regions of barbres. a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 117 If we be poore..we ar so hamyd, ffor-taxed, and ramyd, We ar mayde hand tamyd, with thyse gentlery men. the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] a1500 (?a1400) (Trin. Dublin) 2510 Þen am I raddest all our realme be raymed [c1450 Ashm. reft] from vs first. society > authority > rule or government > rule or govern [verb (transitive)] the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)] a1325 St. Bridget (Corpus Cambr.) 213 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 44 (MED) Þis maide is to deore..me to bugge and þe to sulle also, For i nemiȝte noȝt reime þat tresour þat wel to lite nere. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. i. 93 (MED) Kynges and knihtes scholde kepen hem bi Reson, And Rihtfuliche Raymen [v.r. rule] þe Realmes a-bouten. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 263 If he [sc. the king] had..gyuen þam..þer wynnyng ilk a dele þat þei mot reyme & gyue..Wales had bien wonne at þat dynt. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xiv. 96 (MED) Þe wil is as muche worth of a wrecche beggere, As al that the ryche may reyme [v.rr. reome, rayne, rayme] and ryghtfulliche dele. a1500 (?c1400) Earl of Toulous 434 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale (1930) I. 396 (MED) That oon knyght Kaunters, þat odur Kaym, Falser men myght no man rayme. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.?c1225 |