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单词 raim
释义

raimv.

Forms:

α. Middle English raim, Middle English raime, Middle English rame, Middle English raym, Middle English rayme, Middle English rayne, Middle English reim, Middle English reime, Middle English reome, Middle English reym, Middle English reyme.

β. Middle English raymi, Middle English reimi, Middle English reymy.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French raimbre.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French raimbre, reimbre (end of the 10th cent. as redenps , subsequently (with loss of intervocalic -d- ) c1050 as raenst , both 3rd singular perfect tense) to ransom, redeem (a person) (end of the 10th cent., originally with reference to Jesus Christ; frequently used reflexively), to exact a ransom from (a person), to plunder or rob (a person, country, etc.) (both first half of the 12th cent.), in Anglo-Norman also to earn, obtain (wealth, land, etc.) (first half of the 13th cent. or earlier), to oppress (a person) (end of the 14th cent. or earlier) (French (now regional: south, south-east, western Switzerland) reimbre , reime , roimbre , etc. to buy (goods) back, to give a discount on goods) < classical Latin redimere redeem v. Compare Middle Dutch reimeren, reimeeren, remeren ( < French). Compare also post-classical Latin raymare, reimare (1275, 1318 in British sources).In the β. forms apparently by assimilation to the reflexes of verbs of Old English weak Class II (compare -y suffix2).
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To ransom, save, redeem (a person) (frequently reflexive); to recover (a right, a possession).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > take [verb (transitive)] > recover heritage
raim?c1225
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > ransom > [verb (transitive)]
acquit?c1225
raim?c1225
to buy out1297
borrowa1300
ransoma1382
to put (a person) to (his or her) finance1418
raquite1454
loose1473
redeem?a1475
overbuya1525
redempa1525
remerce1559
reescate1645
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 101 Nalde he cunne god þonc þe mon þe duste up on him an bigurdel ful of peonewes for to reimen [c1230 Corpus Cambr. reimin; a1250 Nero areimen; a1250 Titus raimen] him wið.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 102 Þet is ure ranceun þet we schule reimen us wið.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23156 (MED) Þai sal be dempt al wit þe wick..þat al þis weld þaim mai not raim [a1400 Fairf. raime].
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 185 We clayme þis our heritage..& þorgh hard woundes of þam salle reyme it eft.
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 23516 (MED) Britons franchis, lo, quite þai claime, ffor trespas done þam selfe to raime.
2.
a. transitive. To exact a ransom from (a person); to plunder or rob (a person, a country, etc.); to rob or deprive (a person) of something; to cheat, fleece.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > taken [verb (intransitive)] > take at will or pleasure
raimc1300
to be one's own carver1578
carve1596
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > ransom > [verb (transitive)] > put to ransom
raimc1300
ransom1398
financea1513
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > affect with anguish or torment
tintreghec1175
torment1297
raimc1300
pinse?c1335
grindc1350
sowa1352
pang1520
rack1562
torture1598
throea1616
pincer1620
excruciate1623
thumbscrew1771
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
stripa1225
pill?c1225
robc1225
peela1250
despoil1297
raimc1300
spoilc1330
spoila1340
to pull a finch (also pigeon, plover, etc.)c1387
despoil1393
preya1400
spoila1400
spulyiea1400
unspoila1400
riflec1400
poll1490
to pill and poll1528
to poll and pill1528
exspoila1530
pilyie1539
devour?1542
plume1571
rive1572
bepill1574
fleece1575
to prey over1576
pread1577
disvaledge1598
despoliate1607
to make spoil of1613
expilate1624
to peel and poll1641
depredate1651
violatea1657
disvalise1672
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
to make stroy of1682
spoliate1699
pilfer1714
snabble1725
rump1815
vampire1832
sweat1847
ploat1855
vampirize1888
c1300 St. Eustace (Laud) 192 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 398 (MED) Some huy raymeden for heore lif of manie harde poundes.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 44 (MED) Þe vifte is þe zenne of reuen..þet accuseþ and calengeþ þet poure uolc and ham doþ raymi [Fr. raimbre] and kueadliche lede uor a lite wynnynge þet hi habbeþ be-zide.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 43 (MED) Eilred is so reymed [Fr. raynt] of his tresorie, His wife & his childre he sent to Normundie.
?c1430 (c1400) in F. D. Matthew Eng. Wks. Wyclif (1880) 185 False marchauntis..lyuen..bi..false weitis..& preisen hym most þat foulest raymeþ alle þe membris of crist..&..can bigilen þe peple.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 100 (MED) Thow has redyn and raymede and raunsound þe pople, And kyllyde doun his cosyns.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2488 (MED) Þis souerayn..Þoȝt to ride & to rayme [a1500 Trin. Dub. rame] þe regions of barbres.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 117 If we be poore..we ar so hamyd, ffor-taxed, and ramyd, We ar mayde hand tamyd, with thyse gentlery men.
b. transitive. To take away (a possession, right, inheritance) from a person. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)]
atbraidOE
benimOE
fornimOE
to reach upOE
reaveOE
bilacchea1325
to take away1372
stealc1374
privea1387
beneme1387
reach?a1400
deprivec1400
subduce1434
embezzle1469
pluckc1475
fortakea1500
raima1500
devest1538
rig1573
imbolish1592
exact1660
drain1673
a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 2510 Þen am I raddest all our realme be raymed [c1450 Ashm. reft] from vs first.
3. transitive. To get or take possession of (wealth, land, etc.); to have or take control of, rule over (people, a country, etc.); to get hold of (a person).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > rule or govern [verb (transitive)]
steera900
hold971
wieldOE
warda1000
redeOE
wisc1000
i-weldeOE
rightlecheOE
rightOE
raima1325
governc1325
guyc1330
rulea1387
justicec1390
rekea1400
reigna1413
lorda1450
earlc1450
seignoryc1475
over-govern1485
overrulec1488
emperyc1503
gubern?a1505
signorize1594
sway1613
gubernate1623
overlead1720
belord1858
prime minister1906
the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > take possession of [verb (transitive)]
take?a1160
seizec1290
raima1325
to take in possessiona1325
to hent in (also upon) handa1350
occupya1382
to take possession?a1425
to take upc1425
uptakec1425
to take in1523
possess1526
master1826
a1325 St. Bridget (Corpus Cambr.) 213 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 44 (MED) Þis maide is to deore..me to bugge and þe to sulle also, For i nemiȝte noȝt reime þat tresour þat wel to lite nere.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. 93 (MED) Kynges and knihtes scholde kepen hem bi Reson, And Rihtfuliche Raymen [v.r. rule] þe Realmes a-bouten.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 263 If he [sc. the king] had..gyuen þam..þer wynnyng ilk a dele þat þei mot reyme & gyue..Wales had bien wonne at þat dynt.
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xiv. 96 (MED) Þe wil is as muche worth of a wrecche beggere, As al that the ryche may reyme [v.rr. reome, rayne, rayme] and ryghtfulliche dele.
a1500 (?c1400) Earl of Toulous 434 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) I. 396 (MED) That oon knyght Kaunters, þat odur Kaym, Falser men myght no man rayme.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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v.?c1225
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