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单词 quicksilver
释义

quicksilvern.

Brit. /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvə/, U.S. /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvər/
Forms: see quick adj., n.1, and adv. and silver n.; also late Middle English quiksiluys (transmission error).
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic; modelled on a Latin lexical item.
Etymology: Either cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch quicsilver , quicselver (Dutch kwikzilver ; now usually kwik ), Middle Low German quiksülver , quiksilver , queksülver , Old High German quecsilabar (Middle High German quecsilber , kecsilber , German Quecksilber ) < the Germanic base of quick adj. + the Germanic base of silver n., after classical Latin argentum vīvum (Pliny). Compare Old Norwegian kviksilfr, Old Swedish qviksilf, qviksilver (Swedish kvicksilver), Old Danish quiksilf, qwiksylf, quicsølf (Danish kvægsølv, kviksølv), all after Middle Low German. Compare also Anglo-Norman vif argent and Old French vis argent (c1150; Middle French, French vif-argent; now chiefly figurative) and also Anglo-Norman and Old French argent vif (c1270; Middle French, French argent-vif, argent-vif; now rare).The seeming lack of continuity of use with the Old English is probably merely due to lack of scientific writings containing references to mercury in the intervening period. It is nevertheless possible that the Middle English use was influenced by Anglo-Norman and French. Compare mercury n. 7. In quicksilvery adj. at Derivatives originally after French †vif-argentin (1611 in quot. 1611 for quicksilvery adj. at Derivatives). Compare slightly earlier quicksilvered adj.
1. The liquid metal mercury.Now chiefly as an object of comparison, with reference to its rapid movement, shiny surface, tendency to form small droplets, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > mercury > [noun]
quicksilvereOE
mercuryc1395
Hermes1667
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > mercury
quicksilvereOE
mercuryc1395
argent-vive1453
hydrargyrum1563
silver1607
spirit1661
quick1852
eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. lxix. 356 Wiþ magan wærce, rudan sæd & cwicseolfor & eced bergen.
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 629 Ther nas quyk siluer[v.r. whike-siluer], lytarge, ne brymstoon..That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white.
a1450–1500 ( Libel Eng. Policy (1926) 58 (MED) Commodytes..commynge oute of Spayne..Bene..Saffron, quiksilver.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 370 (MED) A box with quyksyluer he had in hys hand; Multyplyers know hit well in euery land.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 335v By the helpe of quickesyluer, it is drawen owt.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. v. 71 Quick siluer..will gather it selfe to a round body.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ xiii. 259 This Column of Quicksilver in the Tub, is supported by the weight of the Air ambient.
1731 B. Franklin in W. Pepper Med. Side B. Franklin (1911) 20 An imprudent use of quicksilver in the cure of the itch.
1782 W. Cowper Progress of Error in Poems 21 Like quicksilver, the rhetoric they display Shines as it runs, but grasped at slips away.
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. 326 A profusion of little rain-drops; like spattered quicksilver.
1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 360 Quicksilver is met with pure in minute globules, but for the purposes of commerce it is obtained from one of its ores,—cinnabar, a red sulphide of mercury.
1918 B. Tarkington Magnificent Ambersons xxxi. 435 Life and money both behave like loose quicksilver in a nest of cracks.
1991 R. Kerridge Jaunting through Ireland (BNC) A map of Lough Erne resembles a giant spoonful of quicksilver emptied over Ireland to form and re-form in myriad fluid blobs.
2. Used allusively.
a. With reference to the rapid motion of which quicksilver is capable. Cf. mercury n. 9.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [noun] > one who or that which moves swiftly > typically
wind1377
swallowc1380
quicksilver1562
shoes of swiftness1787
1562 J. Heywood Wks. sig. Xiij She thinkth hir farthing good syluer, but trust me She is quycke syluer, what euer hir farthyng be.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 192 Perkin (who was made of Quick-silver, which is hard to hold or imprison) began to stirre.
1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. vii. 111 Mercurie..hath so spiritiz'd their whole Oeconomie, that they are Quick-silver to their finger ends.
1820 W. Scott Abbot II. iv. 108 Thou hast quicksilver in the veins of thee to a certainty.
1889 Boy's Own Paper 17 Aug. 730/3 I..had come off the journey with my veins full of quicksilver.
1929 S. Lewis Dodsworth xxi. 242 She was lovely quicksilver, but quicksilver is hard for a thick hand to hold.
1991 J. Richardson Life of Picasso I. 478 She lets the quicksilver of his mind..flow freely.
b. With reference to its brightness or reflective qualities (sometimes also to its use in mirrors: cf. quicksilver v.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > intensity of light > [noun] > something bright > specific
quicksilver1820
stainless steel1963
1820 ‘B. Cornwall’ Sicilian Story 69 King Phoebus in the East..turn'd to clear quicksilver every billow.
1851 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1864) 2nd Ser. xii. 166 The dull quicksilver of their own selfishness behind the glass.
1920 ‘K. Mansfield’ Jrnl. Sept. (1977) 177 The pools and rivers were quicksilver.
1997 G. Clarke Coll. Poems 80 I see the impossible silver battlements of distant glaciers, and in the valley water's quicksilver.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive, with sense ‘of or relating to quicksilver, consisting of or containing quicksilver’, as quicksilver bath, quicksilver earth, quicksilver field, quicksilver globe, quicksilver mine, quicksilver ore, quicksilver tank, etc.
Π
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Quyckesyluer earth, antrax.
1685 London Gaz. No. 1996/1 The Quick-Silver Ships may be expected this month at Cadiz.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 384 Cinnabar or quicksilver ore.
1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature & Cure Calculus 142 Some persons whose skin is no sooner touched with quicksilver ointment than it is felt in the salivary glands.
1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 397/1 A mineral found in the quicksilver mines of Idria.
1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship I. iii. 61 In the centre of the ceiling hung a quicksilver globe, a common ornament in those days.
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 19 A very important quicksilver-field is about to be opened in the far north.
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 260 A..clever arrangement of quicksilver-tanks.
1983 T. Pratchett Colour of Magic 47 You spend twenty years learning the spell that makes nude virgins appear.., and then you're so poisoned by quicksilver fumes..that you can't remember what happens next.
b. With sense ‘resembling quicksilver (in quickness, volatility, etc.)’, as quicksilver mind, quicksilver rebel, quicksilver rogue, quicksilver temper, etc.
Π
1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse sig. A3v Sal, Sulphur, and Mercurius, the Tria omnia of their [sc. the Paracelsians'] quicksiluer wits.
a1631 J. Donne Apparition in Poems (1633) 191 Bath'd in a cold quicksilver sweat.
1655 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 1st Pt. 248 Labour therefore in hearing the Word to fixe thy quicksilver-minde.
1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 29 These are Inquieta ingenia of Quick-silver tempers.
1767 T. Hull Perplexities v. 66 I suppose you wish every body to have such a quicksilver heart, as yours: that can settle no where.
1796 Earl Balcarres in B. Edwards Proc. Maroon Negroes 35 Until such time as these quick-silver rebels are under lock and key.
1833 T. S. Fay Crayon Sketches I. 127 The present quicksilver generation.
1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xiv. 360 That prince of quicksilver rogues—Master Autolycus.
1922 D. H. Lawrence England my England 23 From mother and nurse..a..gunfire of commands, and blithe, quicksilver disobedience from the three blonde, never-still little girls.
a1944 K. Douglas Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) xiii. 79 We couldn't expect Robin to supply Ken Tinker's quicksilver dash and brilliance in action.
1979 S. Brett Comedian Dies ii. 24 The quicksilver repartee of Charles Paris was at last to be accorded its proper recognition.
2004 Cincinnati Enquirer (Nexis) 19 Dec. 9 k The complex intelligence and quicksilver personality of Hughes.
c. Objective, as quicksilver feeder, quicksilver-fixation, quicksilver production; quicksilver-producing adj.
Π
1834 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 512 The periwig company, and the Spanish-jack-ass-company, and the quicksilver-fixation-company.
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 19 Coming south from Trinity, the next quicksilver-producing locality..is in the Coast Range.
1882 Rep. House of Representatives Precious Metals (U.S.) 507 A quicksilver feeder has been devised for feeding mercury to gold mills.
1955 Times 30 June 9/2 General Franco has paid his first visit to Almaden, the quicksilver producing region of Spain.
1998 D. O. Flynn et al. Stud. Econ. Hist. Pacific Rim xiii. 211 A single mine..dominated world quicksilver production for centuries.
C2.
quicksilver pendulum n. now historical = mercurial pendulum n. at mercurial n. and adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > pendulum clock > pendulum
pendule1660
pendulum1660
simple pendulum1673
bob-pendulum1685
swing1696
quicksilver pendulum1726
pendle1741
gridiron pendulum1751
mercurial pendulum1786
gridiron1793
wanrest1794
seconds pendulum1795
conical pendulum1813
ticker1821
noddy1844
1726 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 34 42 The Irregularity of the Clock, with the Quicksilver Pendulum..exceeded not..a sixth Part of that..with the common Pendulum.
1753 J. Ellicott Descr. Two Methods 34 Mr. Graham first invented the quicksilver pendulum, and brought it to the perfection it now has.
1943 Times 16 Oct. 10/3 (advt.) French movement quicksilver pendulum clock.
quicksilver water n. [compare earlier quick-water n. at quick adj., n.1, and adv. Compounds 1b] now historical a solution of mercuric nitrate.
ΚΠ
1751 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 53 Quick-silver-water is the most effectual remedy for worms.
1817 H. Clarke & J. Dougall Cabinet of Arts xiii. 532 For this purpose, a solution of mercury in nitrous acid (aquafortis), or what the workmen call quicksilver water, is applied to the parts intended to be gilded.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XII. 13/2 A deposit of mercury is obtained on a metallic surface by means of ‘quicksilver water’, a solution of nitrate of mercury.
1943 F. Marvin & M. Lowenthal This was N.Y. vii. 90 Cupping did for asthma, a cow-dung poultice for bruises, quicksilver water for worms, a rotten apple for a sty.

Derivatives

ˈquickˌsilverish adj. somewhat quicksilvery.
Π
1874 B. F. Taylor World on Wheels ii. i. 188 The quicksilverish atoms of humanity that hunt out every grain of true gold in the rubbish of life.
1964 School Rev. 72 495 The behavioral sciences..increasingly seem to underline the quicksilverish..nature of the important aspects of human behavior.
1999 USA Today (Nexis) 30 Mar. (Life section) 4 d Conductor Rene Jacobs has a remarkable sixth sense for adapting tempos..without losing a quicksilverish momentum.
ˈquicksilverishˌness n. liveliness, volatility.
Π
1852 D. M. Mulock Agatha's Husband II. i. 17 She had..a certain quicksilverishness of manner, jumping here there everywhere like mercury on a plate.
2001 Hindu (Nexis) 6 May You may be more moved by his fellow film makers Abbas Kiarostami or Dariush Mehrjui, and still be intrigued by Makhmalbaf's quicksilverishness.
ˈquickˌsilvery adj. of the nature of or resembling quicksilver; bright, lively, volatile.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [adjective] > mercury
mercurial1559
quicksilvery1611
hydrargyrous1646
hydrargyral1664
hydrargyric1854
hydrargyrate1864
the world > time > change > changeableness > [adjective]
slidinga900
wankleeOE
windyc1000
unsteadfastc1200
fleeting?c1225
loose?c1225
brotelc1315
unstablec1340
varyingc1340
variantc1374
motleyc1380
ungroundedc1380
muablea1393
passiblea1393
remuablea1393
changeablea1398
movablea1398
variablec1397
slidderya1400
ticklec1400
variantc1412
flitting1413
mutable?a1425
movingc1425
flaskisable1430
flickering1430
transmutablec1430
vertible1447
brittlea1450
ficklea1450
permutablec1450
unfirmc1450
uncertain1477
turnable1483
unsteadfast1483
vagrantc1522
inconstant1526
alterable?1531
stirringc1540
slippery1548
various1552
slid?1553
mutala1561
rolling1561
weathery1563
unconstant1568
interchangeable1574
fluctuant1575
stayless1575
transitive1575
voluble1575
changeling1577
queasy1579
desultory1581
huff-puff1582
unstaid1586
vagrant1586
changeful1590
floating1594
Protean1594
unstayed1594
swimming1596
anchorless1597
mobilec1600
ticklish1601
catching1603
labile1603
unrooted1604
quicksilvered1605
versatile1605
insubstantial1607
uncertain1609
brandling1611
rootless1611
squeasy1611
wind-changinga1616
insolid1618
ambulatory1625
versatilous1629
plastic1633
desultorious1637
unbottomed1641
fluid1642
fluent1648
yea-and-nay1648
versipellous1650
flexile1651
uncentred1652
variating1653
chequered1656
slideable1662
transchangeative1662
weathercock-like1663
flicketing1674
fluxa1677
lapsable1678
wanton1681
veering1684
upon the weathercock1702
contingent1703
unsettled?1726
fermentable1731
afloat1757
brickle1768
wavy1795
vagarious1798
unsettled1803
fitful1810
metamorphosical1811
undulating1815
tittupya1817
titubant1817
mutative1818
papier mâché1818
teetotum1819
vacillating1822
capricious1823
sensitive1828
quicksilvery1829
unengrafted1829
fluxionala1834
proteiform1833
liquid1835
tottlish1835
kaleidoscopic1846
versative1846
kaleidoscopical1858
tottery1861
choppy1865
variative1874
variational1879
wimbly-wambly1881
fluctuable1882
shifty1882
giveable1884
shifty1884
tippy1886
mutatory1890
upsettable1890
rocky1897
undulatory1897
streaky1898
tottly1905
tipply1906
up and down1907
inertialess1927
sometimey1946
rise-and-fall1950
switchable1961
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vif-Argentin, quicke-siluerie.
1829 Honeycomb & Bitter Gourd in A. Cunningham Anniversary 118 The flighty and quicksilvery youth of the parish.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles II. xxx. 112 The quicksilvery glaze on the rivers and pools.
1951 S. J. Perelman Let. 26 Oct. in Don't tread on Me (1987) 117 Some old windbag..is coming out here tomorrow noon to interview me. I must get into condition to be quicksilvery.
1991 Atlantic Jan. 90/2 I exhaled through the mouthpiece of my scuba regulator and watched the quicksilvery bubbles wobble up toward the surface.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

quicksilverv.

Brit. /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvə/, U.S. /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvər/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: quicksilver n.
Etymology: < quicksilver n. Compare earlier quicksilvered adj.
Now chiefly historical.
transitive. To treat or mix with quicksilver; esp. to coat (glass) with an amalgam of mercury and tin in order to make it reflective.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [verb (transitive)] > coat mirror
silverc1635
quicksilver1704
1704 I. Newton Opticks i. i. 77 Metal..reflects not so much Light as Glass quick-silvered over does.
1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory iii. 85 How to Quicksilver the Inside of Glass Globes, so as to make them like Looking Glass.
1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics i. 4 The glass is always quicksilvered on the back, to make it reflect more light.
1877 Harper's Mag. Oct. 747/1 Macquer, the French chemist, found that glass quicksilvered like an ordinary looking-glass answered very well.
1987 Vistas in Astron. 30 155 The first problem was that in the seventeenth century the only method of ‘silvering’ glass was to ‘quicksilver’ it.

Derivatives

ˈquickˌsilvering n. [compare earlier quickening n.2] the action or process of coating glass with quicksilver or amalgam; (concrete) a coating of quicksilver or amalgam.
ΚΠ
1750 tr. E. Jourdan de Pellerin Treat. Venereal Maladies 84 There is sold at Paris a great deal of adulterated mercury, particularly that which is taken from the back of broken looking-glasses; which is no other than mercury amalgamated with tin; and this is what they call quicksilvering.
1875 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. III. 539/1 These disadvantages of the quicksilvering process have turned the attention of manufacturers to the use of pure silver for backing mirrors.
1906 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 28 110 Forty-four occupations are forbidden for children under 16... Manufacturing of packing tar oil, quicksilvering of mirrors, [etc.].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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