quadrivalven.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkwɒdrᵻvalv/, U.S.

/ˈkwɑdrəˌvælv/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: quadri- comb. form, valve n.¹

Etymology: < quadri- comb. form + valve n.¹ Compare scientific Latin quadrivalvis (1732 or earlier). In senses A. 2 and B. 2 after French quadrivalve, adjective (in spéculum quadrivalve, 1846 or earlier).

Now rare.

†A. n.

1. Botany. A plant having a seed capsule which splits into four valves; (also) such a seed capsule. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Quadrivalves,..those Plants whose seed pods open in four valves or partitions.

1873 Amer. Cycl. III. 762/1 A capsule usually opens by valves; and hence different varieties have been named bivalve, trivalve, quadrivalve, and multivalve.

2. Medicine. A type of vaginal speculum having four valves. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > dilator or speculum

tendiculec1425

speculum1598

dilatator1611

dilatatory1611

dilater1634

dilator1688

diopter1706

quadrivalve1852

duck-bill speculum1879

proctoscope1896

1852 H. Miller Rep. Obstetr. Comm. on Anæsthesia in Midwifery (1853) 19 The quadrivalve, which he uses, was made by Charriere, of Paris.

1872 T. G. Thomas Pract. Treat. Dis. Women (ed. 3) 76 Of valvular specula the bivalve of Ricord..and the quadrivalve of Charrière have long been popular.

B. adj.

†1. Botany. Of a seed capsule: splitting into four valves; quadrivalvular. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1770 J. Berkenhout Outl. Nat. Hist. Great Brit. & Ireland II. 55 Datura... Capsule spinous, bilocular, quadrivalve. Seeds numerous.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 199 The capsule is quadrivalve, or opens into four parts.

1831 W. Macgillivray tr. A. Richard Elem. Bot. ii. xii. 273 A pericarp is called..Trivalve..when it opens into three valves... Quadrivalve..or with four valves; as in the genus Epilobium, and the Thorn-apple.

1874 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics 231 Readily distinguished by its..quadrivalve spinescent capsules.

2. Medicine. Of a vaginal speculum: having four valves. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1852 H. Miller Rep. Obstetr. Comm. on Anæsthesia in Midwifery (1853) 19 The bivalve or quadrivalve speculum answers very well for cauterization, when the nitrate of silver, in stick or solution, is used.

1887 W. Goodell Lessons Gynecol. (ed. 3) 30 Physicians who have once used this speculum..will never wish to return to their old-fashioned cylindrical or quadrivalve speculums.

1986 Brittonia 17 145 In Greek and Roman medical texts the anal speculum..was distinguished from the vaginal speculum, a larger trivalve or quadrivalve dilator.

2000 G. D. Hart Asclepius: God of Med. viii. 151 The most sophisticated medical instrument of ancient times was a bronze ‘quadrivalve’ speculum, designed to dilate the vagina to visualize the cervix.

Derivatives

quadriˈvalvular adj. †(a) Botany (of a seed capsule) splitting into four valves; = B. 1 (obsolete); (b) Medicine involving or affecting all four valves of the heart.

ΚΠ

1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. 838/2 The fruit [of Datura] is a subovated, bilocular, quadrivalvular, and commonly prickly capsule.

1827 London Encycl. X. ii. 711/2 Guarea, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order... Cap[sule]s quadrilocular and quadrivalvular.

1962 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 32 467 Quadrivalvular stenosis is surprisingly rare.

2006 Internat. Jrnl. Cardiol. 106 117/1 Although involvement of all four heart valves has been known to occur in patients with acute rheumatic carditis, quadrivalvular involvement is extremely rare in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	quadrivalve
释义	quadrivalven.adj. Brit. /ˈkwɒdrᵻvalv/, U.S. /ˈkwɑdrəˌvælv/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: quadri- comb. form, valve n.¹ Etymology: < quadri- comb. form + valve n.¹ Compare scientific Latin quadrivalvis (1732 or earlier). In senses A. 2 and B. 2 after French quadrivalve, adjective (in spéculum quadrivalve, 1846 or earlier). Now rare. †A. n. 1. Botany. A plant having a seed capsule which splits into four valves; (also) such a seed capsule. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Quadrivalves,..those Plants whose seed pods open in four valves or partitions. 1873 Amer. Cycl. III. 762/1 A capsule usually opens by valves; and hence different varieties have been named bivalve, trivalve, quadrivalve, and multivalve. 2. Medicine. A type of vaginal speculum having four valves. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > dilator or speculum tendiculec1425 speculum1598 dilatator1611 dilatatory1611 dilater1634 dilator1688 diopter1706 quadrivalve1852 duck-bill speculum1879 proctoscope1896 1852 H. Miller Rep. Obstetr. Comm. on Anæsthesia in Midwifery (1853) 19 The quadrivalve, which he uses, was made by Charriere, of Paris. 1872 T. G. Thomas Pract. Treat. Dis. Women (ed. 3) 76 Of valvular specula the bivalve of Ricord..and the quadrivalve of Charrière have long been popular. B. adj. †1. Botany. Of a seed capsule: splitting into four valves; quadrivalvular. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1770 J. Berkenhout Outl. Nat. Hist. Great Brit. & Ireland II. 55 Datura... Capsule spinous, bilocular, quadrivalve. Seeds numerous. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xvi. 199 The capsule is quadrivalve, or opens into four parts. 1831 W. Macgillivray tr. A. Richard Elem. Bot. ii. xii. 273 A pericarp is called..Trivalve..when it opens into three valves... Quadrivalve..or with four valves; as in the genus Epilobium, and the Thorn-apple. 1874 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics 231 Readily distinguished by its..quadrivalve spinescent capsules. 2. Medicine. Of a vaginal speculum: having four valves. Now historical. ΚΠ 1852 H. Miller Rep. Obstetr. Comm. on Anæsthesia in Midwifery (1853) 19 The bivalve or quadrivalve speculum answers very well for cauterization, when the nitrate of silver, in stick or solution, is used. 1887 W. Goodell Lessons Gynecol. (ed. 3) 30 Physicians who have once used this speculum..will never wish to return to their old-fashioned cylindrical or quadrivalve speculums. 1986 Brittonia 17 145 In Greek and Roman medical texts the anal speculum..was distinguished from the vaginal speculum, a larger trivalve or quadrivalve dilator. 2000 G. D. Hart Asclepius: God of Med. viii. 151 The most sophisticated medical instrument of ancient times was a bronze ‘quadrivalve’ speculum, designed to dilate the vagina to visualize the cervix. Derivatives quadriˈvalvular adj. †(a) Botany (of a seed capsule) splitting into four valves; = B. 1 (obsolete); (b) Medicine involving or affecting all four valves of the heart. ΚΠ 1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. 838/2 The fruit [of Datura] is a subovated, bilocular, quadrivalvular, and commonly prickly capsule. 1827 London Encycl. X. ii. 711/2 Guarea, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order... Cap[sule]s quadrilocular and quadrivalvular. 1962 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 32 467 Quadrivalvular stenosis is surprisingly rare. 2006 Internat. Jrnl. Cardiol. 106 117/1 Although involvement of all four heart valves has been known to occur in patients with acute rheumatic carditis, quadrivalvular involvement is extremely rare in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1731
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