quadratn.

Brit.

/ˈkwɒdrət/,

/ˈkwɒdrat/, U.S.

/ˈkwɑˌdræt/,

/ˈkwɑdrət/

Forms: Middle English 1600s– quadrat, 1700s quadrate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin quadrātum.

Etymology: < classical Latin quadrātum quadrate n.¹ In sense 2 probably after either French cadrat (1625) or Italian quadrato (1583).

†1.

a. An instrument for measuring altitude or distance, consisting of a square plate with two graduated sides, a sight, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > other surveying instruments

quadrat?c1400

trigon1590

square1600

peractor1616

definitor1664

Marquois scale1783

topograph1865

outkeeper1868

aba1876

?c1400 in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 65 When..you wolde mesure þe heght..make a quadrat..þat es to say, a table even foure square of wode or brasse.

?c1400 in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 68 (MED) When you wilt mesure þe brede of a ryvere by a quadrat, make þi quadrat ABCD..þan set þe quadrat beside þe ryvere, and loke by CB þe ende on þat oþher side þe ryvere.

1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas A Quadrat, or Geometricall instrument, whereby the distance and height of a place is knowne afarre off by looking thorow a certaine little hole therein.

1685 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1924) 58 355 A quadrat of brase in a chagarin caise.

b. A square with two graduated sides marked on the right-angled corner of a quadrant (quadrant n.¹ 7) to facilitate its use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > measuring altitude > [noun] > quadrant or sextant > part of quadrant or sextant

quadrat?c1400

geometrical square?a1560

plummet?a1560

limb1593

line of shadows1728

limbus1738

horizon-glass1774

?c1400 in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 59 Þe quadrat..whilk es descryvede..in þe quadrant, has tuo sides.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Quadrate and Line of Shadows (on a Quadrant) is a line of natural Tangents.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Quadrat, call'd also Geometrical Square and Line of Shadows, is an additional Member on the Face of the common Gunter's and Sutton's Quadrants.

2. Typography. In letterpress printing: a small block of metal, lower than the face of the type, inserted by a printer to fill up short lines, adjust spacing, etc. Cf. quad n.¹ Now chiefly historical.em quadrat: see em n. en quadrat: see en n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > composing equipment > [noun] > spacing material

reglet1636

space1676

headstick1683

quadrat1683

quotation1683

rule1683

space1683

quadc1781

spacer1857

mutton1938

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 224 He Justifies his Stick-full just to the breadth of the Wooden Letter with Quadrats or Quotations.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 28 Head-sticks..are Quadrat high.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are Quadrats of divers Sizes, as m Quadrats, n Quadrats, &c. which are respectively of the Dimensions of such Letters.

1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 278 Reglets..are more proper for Whites than Quadrats, because Reglets are capable to interrupt the hanging and crookedness of Matter.

1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xv. 534 If letters, quadrats, or furniture, rise up and black the paper, they should be put down with the bodkin.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 455/1 Larger quadrats, equal in body to two, three, or four m's.

1894 Amer. Dict. Printing (at cited word) To throw all the pi and broken letter..into the quadrat box.

1934 Helena (Montana) Independent 19 Aug. 13/4 A quadrat or quad is the type without a letter on it, and is used in spacing..and in filling out blank lines.

1967 F. J. M. Wijnekus Elsevier's Dict. Printing & Allied Industries 177/2 Jeffing, gambling with nine one-em quadrats, i.e., to throw quards [sic] like dice, using the nick side, appearing uppermost, representing one and the other sides blanks.

2003 W. Rumble Swifts i. 5 Instead of dice, however, they played with metal spacing cubes the trade called quadrats, or ‘quads’.

3. Ecology. A small area, typically of one square metre or less, marked out (often as one of several such randomly distributed areas) for studying the local distribution of plants and animals. Also: a portable frame or grid used to mark out such an area.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] > portion of

subregion1830

province1847

realm1854

substrate1876

quadrat1904

transect1905

biotope1909

basal cover1923

microhabitat1931

basal area1938

tetrad1963

1904 Science 29 Jan. 168/2 The study of the structure and development of formations by means of permanent and denuded quadrats.

1905 F. E. Clements Res. Methods Ecol. iv. 164 The unit size of quadrat is the meter, and when the term is used without qualification, it refers to the meter quadrat.

1950 Jrnl. Ecol. 38 108 There has thus grown up in botanical ecology a study of the distribution of species in ‘quadrats’ or small samples of fixed area (usually 1 sq. m. or less) in which only the presence or absence of particular species is recorded and not its numbers.

1974 Nature 25 Oct. 713/2 It is difficult to estimate the number of snails in natural populations since they move around too slowly for ordinary capture-recapture methods, and their patchy distibution makes quadrat or transect counts unreliable.

1996 New Scientist 23 Mar. 42/1 We divided the plot into squares, called quadrats, and counted the number of trees of each species in each one.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	quadrat
释义	quadratn. Brit. /ˈkwɒdrət/, /ˈkwɒdrat/, U.S. /ˈkwɑˌdræt/, /ˈkwɑdrət/ Forms: Middle English 1600s– quadrat, 1700s quadrate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin quadrātum. Etymology: < classical Latin quadrātum quadrate n.¹ In sense 2 probably after either French cadrat (1625) or Italian quadrato (1583). †1. a. An instrument for measuring altitude or distance, consisting of a square plate with two graduated sides, a sight, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > other surveying instruments quadrat?c1400 trigon1590 square1600 peractor1616 definitor1664 Marquois scale1783 topograph1865 outkeeper1868 aba1876 ?c1400 in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 65 When..you wolde mesure þe heght..make a quadrat..þat es to say, a table even foure square of wode or brasse. ?c1400 in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 68 (MED) When you wilt mesure þe brede of a ryvere by a quadrat, make þi quadrat ABCD..þan set þe quadrat beside þe ryvere, and loke by CB þe ende on þat oþher side þe ryvere. 1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas A Quadrat, or Geometricall instrument, whereby the distance and height of a place is knowne afarre off by looking thorow a certaine little hole therein. 1685 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1924) 58 355 A quadrat of brase in a chagarin caise. b. A square with two graduated sides marked on the right-angled corner of a quadrant (quadrant n.¹ 7) to facilitate its use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > measuring altitude > [noun] > quadrant or sextant > part of quadrant or sextant quadrat?c1400 geometrical square?a1560 plummet?a1560 limb1593 line of shadows1728 limbus1738 horizon-glass1774 ?c1400 in J. O. Halliwell Rara Mathematica (1839) 59 Þe quadrat..whilk es descryvede..in þe quadrant, has tuo sides. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Quadrate and Line of Shadows (on a Quadrant) is a line of natural Tangents. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Quadrat, call'd also Geometrical Square and Line of Shadows, is an additional Member on the Face of the common Gunter's and Sutton's Quadrants. 2. Typography. In letterpress printing: a small block of metal, lower than the face of the type, inserted by a printer to fill up short lines, adjust spacing, etc. Cf. quad n.¹ Now chiefly historical.em quadrat: see em n. en quadrat: see en n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > composing equipment > [noun] > spacing material reglet1636 space1676 headstick1683 quadrat1683 quotation1683 rule1683 space1683 quadc1781 spacer1857 mutton1938 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 224 He Justifies his Stick-full just to the breadth of the Wooden Letter with Quadrats or Quotations. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 28 Head-sticks..are Quadrat high. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are Quadrats of divers Sizes, as m Quadrats, n Quadrats, &c. which are respectively of the Dimensions of such Letters. 1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 278 Reglets..are more proper for Whites than Quadrats, because Reglets are capable to interrupt the hanging and crookedness of Matter. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xv. 534 If letters, quadrats, or furniture, rise up and black the paper, they should be put down with the bodkin. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 455/1 Larger quadrats, equal in body to two, three, or four m's. 1894 Amer. Dict. Printing (at cited word) To throw all the pi and broken letter..into the quadrat box. 1934 Helena (Montana) Independent 19 Aug. 13/4 A quadrat or quad is the type without a letter on it, and is used in spacing..and in filling out blank lines. 1967 F. J. M. Wijnekus Elsevier's Dict. Printing & Allied Industries 177/2 Jeffing, gambling with nine one-em quadrats, i.e., to throw quards [sic] like dice, using the nick side, appearing uppermost, representing one and the other sides blanks. 2003 W. Rumble Swifts i. 5 Instead of dice, however, they played with metal spacing cubes the trade called quadrats, or ‘quads’. 3. Ecology. A small area, typically of one square metre or less, marked out (often as one of several such randomly distributed areas) for studying the local distribution of plants and animals. Also: a portable frame or grid used to mark out such an area. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] > portion of subregion1830 province1847 realm1854 substrate1876 quadrat1904 transect1905 biotope1909 basal cover1923 microhabitat1931 basal area1938 tetrad1963 1904 Science 29 Jan. 168/2 The study of the structure and development of formations by means of permanent and denuded quadrats. 1905 F. E. Clements Res. Methods Ecol. iv. 164 The unit size of quadrat is the meter, and when the term is used without qualification, it refers to the meter quadrat. 1950 Jrnl. Ecol. 38 108 There has thus grown up in botanical ecology a study of the distribution of species in ‘quadrats’ or small samples of fixed area (usually 1 sq. m. or less) in which only the presence or absence of particular species is recorded and not its numbers. 1974 Nature 25 Oct. 713/2 It is difficult to estimate the number of snails in natural populations since they move around too slowly for ordinary capture-recapture methods, and their patchy distibution makes quadrat or transect counts unreliable. 1996 New Scientist 23 Mar. 42/1 We divided the plot into squares, called quadrats, and counted the number of trees of each species in each one. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1400
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