quantum theoryn.

Brit.

/ˈkwɒntəm ˌθɪəri/, U.S.

/ˈkwɑn(t)əm ˌθiəri/,

/ˈkwɑn(t)əm ˌθɪri/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: quantum n., theory n.

Etymology: < quantum n. + theory n., after German Quantentheorie (1911 or earlier).

Physics.

A theory of matter and energy based on the concept of quanta; spec. the branch of physics that was developed from the ideas in Planck's paper of 1900 and Einstein's of 1905 (see etymology note at quantum n. and adj.), was extended by Bohr (1913) in relation to atomic structure, and later evolved into quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.old quantum theory: see old quantum theory n. at old adj. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [noun]

quantum theory1912

1911 Sci. Abstr. A. 14 1702 The quanta theory of Planck and Einstein must be modified considerably to give a quantitative interpretation of the results obtained.]

1912 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 72 677 The constant of nature in terms of which these spectra can be expressed appears to be that of Planck in his recent quantum theory of energy.

1927 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 114 243 The new quantum theory, based on the assumption that the dynamical variables do not obey the commutative law of multiplication, has by now been developed sufficiently to form a fairly complete theory of dynamics.

1958 W. Heisenberg Physics & Philos. vi. 106 Quantum theory does not allow a completely objective description of nature.

1978 Sci. Amer. Feb. 132/3 Quantum theories of the gravitational force still have serious difficulties with infinities.

1997 J. Updike Toward End of Time 116 Before Christ ascended, He was in what quantum theory calls superposition—neither here nor there, up nor down.

2001 S. Hawking Universe in Nutshell ii. 52 It was claimed that a theory named supersymmetric string theory was the only way to combine gravity with quantum theory.

Derivatives

ˌquantum-theoˈretical adj. [ < quantum n. + theoretical adj., after quantum theory n.; compare German quantentheoretisch, adjective (1928 or earlier)]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adjective]

quantum-theoretical1920

quantum1924

quantal1936

1920 Chem. Abstr. 14 1637 (heading) Quantum theoretical principles of photochemistry.

1959 K. R. Popper Logic of Sci. Discov. ix. 222 In his derivation of the uncertainty relations, Heisenberg follows Bohr in making use of the idea that atomic processes can be just as well represented by the ‘quantum-theoretical image of a particle’ as by the ‘quantum-theoretical image of a wave’.

2005 H. Römer Theoret. Optics xii. 220 A quantum theoretical treatment of the radiation field.

ˌquantum-theoˈretically adv. [ < quantum n. + theoretically adv., after German quantentheoretisch (1939 in the passage translated in quot. 1939, or earlier) and quantum theory n., quantum-theoretical adj.] as regards quantum theory, from the point of view of quantum theory.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adverb]

quantum-theoretically1939

1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra & Molecular Struct. I. iii. 84 Quantum theoretically [Ger. quantentheoretisch], emission of radiation takes place as a result of a transition of the oscillator from a higher to a lower state.

2001 L. Knöll et al. in J. Perina Coherence & Statistics Photons & Atoms i. 3 A systematic and quantum theoretically consistent approach to the problem of the quantization of the radiation field in absorbing bulk dielectrics is given.

ˈquantum ˌtheorist n. [ < quantum n. + theorist n., after quantum theory n.] an expert or specialist in quantum theory.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [noun] > expert in

quantum theorist1913

1913 Science 24 Jan. 125/1 Now, say the quantum theorists, all these facts are beautifully explained by our hypothesis.

1976 Nature 1 July 17/1 General Electric advertised for a quantum theorist to look into the fundamental quantum processes involved in fluorescence.

1998 Spy (N.Y.) Mar. 20/2 Listening in were A-list quantum theorists W. C. Schieve, Arno Bohm, and Matthew Trump, of pair-annihilation-using-covarient-relativistic-mechanics fame.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	quantum theory
释义	quantum theoryn. Brit. /ˈkwɒntəm ˌθɪəri/, U.S. /ˈkwɑn(t)əm ˌθiəri/, /ˈkwɑn(t)əm ˌθɪri/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: quantum n., theory n. Etymology: < quantum n. + theory n., after German Quantentheorie (1911 or earlier). Physics. A theory of matter and energy based on the concept of quanta; spec. the branch of physics that was developed from the ideas in Planck's paper of 1900 and Einstein's of 1905 (see etymology note at quantum n. and adj.), was extended by Bohr (1913) in relation to atomic structure, and later evolved into quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.old quantum theory: see old quantum theory n. at old adj. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [noun] quantum theory1912 1911 Sci. Abstr. A. 14 1702 The quanta theory of Planck and Einstein must be modified considerably to give a quantitative interpretation of the results obtained.] 1912 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 72 677 The constant of nature in terms of which these spectra can be expressed appears to be that of Planck in his recent quantum theory of energy. 1927 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 114 243 The new quantum theory, based on the assumption that the dynamical variables do not obey the commutative law of multiplication, has by now been developed sufficiently to form a fairly complete theory of dynamics. 1958 W. Heisenberg Physics & Philos. vi. 106 Quantum theory does not allow a completely objective description of nature. 1978 Sci. Amer. Feb. 132/3 Quantum theories of the gravitational force still have serious difficulties with infinities. 1997 J. Updike Toward End of Time 116 Before Christ ascended, He was in what quantum theory calls superposition—neither here nor there, up nor down. 2001 S. Hawking Universe in Nutshell ii. 52 It was claimed that a theory named supersymmetric string theory was the only way to combine gravity with quantum theory. Derivatives ˌquantum-theoˈretical adj. [ < quantum n. + theoretical adj., after quantum theory n.; compare German quantentheoretisch, adjective (1928 or earlier)] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adjective] quantum-theoretical1920 quantum1924 quantal1936 1920 Chem. Abstr. 14 1637 (heading) Quantum theoretical principles of photochemistry. 1959 K. R. Popper Logic of Sci. Discov. ix. 222 In his derivation of the uncertainty relations, Heisenberg follows Bohr in making use of the idea that atomic processes can be just as well represented by the ‘quantum-theoretical image of a particle’ as by the ‘quantum-theoretical image of a wave’. 2005 H. Römer Theoret. Optics xii. 220 A quantum theoretical treatment of the radiation field. ˌquantum-theoˈretically adv. [ < quantum n. + theoretically adv., after German quantentheoretisch (1939 in the passage translated in quot. 1939, or earlier) and quantum theory n., quantum-theoretical adj.] as regards quantum theory, from the point of view of quantum theory. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [adverb] quantum-theoretically1939 1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra & Molecular Struct. I. iii. 84 Quantum theoretically [Ger. quantentheoretisch], emission of radiation takes place as a result of a transition of the oscillator from a higher to a lower state. 2001 L. Knöll et al. in J. Perina Coherence & Statistics Photons & Atoms i. 3 A systematic and quantum theoretically consistent approach to the problem of the quantization of the radiation field in absorbing bulk dielectrics is given. ˈquantum ˌtheorist n. [ < quantum n. + theorist n., after quantum theory n.] an expert or specialist in quantum theory. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > [noun] > expert in quantum theorist1913 1913 Science 24 Jan. 125/1 Now, say the quantum theorists, all these facts are beautifully explained by our hypothesis. 1976 Nature 1 July 17/1 General Electric advertised for a quantum theorist to look into the fundamental quantum processes involved in fluorescence. 1998 Spy (N.Y.) Mar. 20/2 Listening in were A-list quantum theorists W. C. Schieve, Arno Bohm, and Matthew Trump, of pair-annihilation-using-covarient-relativistic-mechanics fame. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1912
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