belvederen.

Brit.

/ˈbɛlvᵻdɪə/,

/ˌbɛlvᵻˈdɪə/, U.S.

/ˈbɛlvəˌdɪ(ə)r/

Forms: 1500s beluedere, 1500s–1800s belvidere, 1500s– belvedere, 1600s beluidere, 1600s belvidear.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian belvedere.

Etymology: < Italian belvedere building with a view (12th cent. in place names: see note), kind of plant (a1540) < bel beautiful (see Bel Paese n.) + vedere act of viewing, view, sight, appearance (13th cent.), use as noun of vedere to see, look at, view (13th cent.; < classical Latin vidēre : see vision n.). Compare ( < Italian) Middle French, French belvédère kind of structure (1512), kind of plant (1536), which may have influenced the trisyllabic English pronunciation.Uses as a place name in Italian are attested from an early date and in various regions, perhaps suggesting the existence of an underlying noun. The earliest example is apparently Belveer , Piedmont (12th cent., also in post-classical Latin as Bellovidere , now Belvedere Langhe), the best known (especially outside Italy) is the name of a pavilion on the Vatican Hill (first half of the 16th cent.; compare discussion at sense 1). Similar formations are also attested in place names of similar date in other Romance languages, e.g. Anglo-Norman Belveder , Leicestershire (1130; now Belvoir; compare Belvoir n.) In use as a plant name, the Italian compound was probably re-formed independently.

1. An open-sided gallery or a raised structure such as a turret built at the top of a house or on a vantage point in a landscape in order to afford fine views of the surrounding scenery.Sometimes and in earliest use (with capital initial) with specific reference to the Villa Belvedere in Rome, a pavilion built on the side of the Vatican Hill that affords fine views of the city, and the Cortile del Belvedere, a long enclosed courtyard built to connect it to the Vatican Palace in the 16th cent., which give the name Belvedere to several famous pieces of classical sculpture formerly displayed in them; cf. Apollo Belvedere at Apollo n. 2a, Belvedere Torso n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > belvedere

belvedere1549

gazebo1752

1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 40^v The bisshops bankettyng house, called Beluedere.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 119 The world wrongeth itselfe infinitly, if it runneth not to the gaze of that bewtifull Bel-uedere.

1623 J. Webster Deuils Law-case i. sig. A3 They build their Palaces and Belvidears With musicall Water-workes.

a1670 J. Hacket Cent. Serm. (1675) 336 One flowry Meadow with a purling stream running by it, one beautiful Garden, a Belvidere with rare figures of composures.

1755 J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio II. ix. 3 Over this Recess, so pleasingly horrid..arose an open and airy Belvidere.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iii. 148 What means this Belvedere? This Tower, stuck like a fools'-cap on the roof?

1964 M. Stewart This Rough Magic (1965) xiii. 168 From the belvedere you can see practically the whole way from Vutrinto..to Perdika.

2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Property Suppl.) 1/5 Beckman likes to sit in the belvedere, a drink close at hand, and watch the setting sun.

2. A plant, the summer cypress, Bassia scoparia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > foliage, house, or garden plants > [noun] > belvedere

belvedere1597

summer cypress1706

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 443 Scoparia, or after Dodoneus Osyris, which the Italians call Belvidere.

1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) App. xxii. 1614 The former of these hath many winding stalkes, whereon grow short branches set thick with narrow leaues like those of Beluidere, or Besome flax.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Belvedere.

1797 C. Marshall Gardening (1805) 326 Belvidere, annual, summer or mock cypress.

1823 E. Kent Flora Domestica 59 Belvedere. Chenopodium Scoparia... Called also Summer Cypress.

1935 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 22 529 Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Standing Cypress, Belvedere. Escaped from cultivation into waste ground and along railroads.

2007 Weed Biol. & Managem. 7 115/2 Kochia (Kochia scoparia [L.] Schrad.), also known as fireweed, belvedere, burning bush, railroad weed or summer cypress, was first introduced to the USA in the early 1900s as an ornamental plant from Eurasia.

Compounds

Belvedere Apollo n. a classical marble sculpture of Apollo formerly displayed in the Belvedere at the Vatican (see note at sense 1); = Apollo Belvedere at Apollo n. 2a.The work is thought to be a Roman copy of a classical or Hellenistic Greek bronze. Since its discovery in the late 15th cent. it has frequently been regarded as a masterpiece and was for centuries widely considered to represent the aesthetic ideal of the male form. [Compare Italian Apollo di Belvedere (first half of the 16th cent. or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting iv. 63 The Belvedere Apollo, and the daughter of Niobe, are the standards of beauty.

1885 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 6 128 The elegant curvature which is essential to the main effect of the Belvedere Apollo.

2004 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Feb. b7/3 From the..icons of Eastern Orthodoxy to the punishing bruiser of Michelangelo's ‘Last Judgment’—which he consciously modeled on the Belvedere Apollo in the Vatican Museums—Jesus served the needs of the day.

Belvedere Torso n. a fragment of a classical marble sculpture of a seated male consisting of the figure's muscular torso and upper legs which was formerly displayed in the Belvedere at the Vatican (see note at sense 1).It is unknown whether the fragment is from an original classical or Hellenistic Greek work or from a Roman copy and the identity of the figure depicted is also uncertain, though is most commonly thought to be either Hercules or Ajax. Since coming to prominence in the early 16th cent. the work has frequently been regarded as a masterpiece and its portrayal of heroic muscularity greatly influenced Michelangelo, Raphael, and other Renaissance artists.

ΚΠ

1816 Q. Rev. Jan. 544 A Figure..which bears a strong resemblance to the Belvedere Torso.

1927 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 31 164 We know it to be a neo-Attic..work by the master of the Belvedere Torso.

2015 Evening Standard (Nexis) 26 Mar. 47 Dionysus, another Parthenon sculpture, is paired with the Belvedere Torso from the Vatican.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	belvedere
释义	belvederen. Brit. /ˈbɛlvᵻdɪə/, /ˌbɛlvᵻˈdɪə/, U.S. /ˈbɛlvəˌdɪ(ə)r/ Forms: 1500s beluedere, 1500s–1800s belvidere, 1500s– belvedere, 1600s beluidere, 1600s belvidear. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian belvedere. Etymology: < Italian belvedere building with a view (12th cent. in place names: see note), kind of plant (a1540) < bel beautiful (see Bel Paese n.) + vedere act of viewing, view, sight, appearance (13th cent.), use as noun of vedere to see, look at, view (13th cent.; < classical Latin vidēre : see vision n.). Compare ( < Italian) Middle French, French belvédère kind of structure (1512), kind of plant (1536), which may have influenced the trisyllabic English pronunciation.Uses as a place name in Italian are attested from an early date and in various regions, perhaps suggesting the existence of an underlying noun. The earliest example is apparently Belveer , Piedmont (12th cent., also in post-classical Latin as Bellovidere , now Belvedere Langhe), the best known (especially outside Italy) is the name of a pavilion on the Vatican Hill (first half of the 16th cent.; compare discussion at sense 1). Similar formations are also attested in place names of similar date in other Romance languages, e.g. Anglo-Norman Belveder , Leicestershire (1130; now Belvoir; compare Belvoir n.) In use as a plant name, the Italian compound was probably re-formed independently. 1. An open-sided gallery or a raised structure such as a turret built at the top of a house or on a vantage point in a landscape in order to afford fine views of the surrounding scenery.Sometimes and in earliest use (with capital initial) with specific reference to the Villa Belvedere in Rome, a pavilion built on the side of the Vatican Hill that affords fine views of the city, and the Cortile del Belvedere, a long enclosed courtyard built to connect it to the Vatican Palace in the 16th cent., which give the name Belvedere to several famous pieces of classical sculpture formerly displayed in them; cf. Apollo Belvedere at Apollo n. 2a, Belvedere Torso n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > belvedere belvedere1549 gazebo1752 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 40^v The bisshops bankettyng house, called Beluedere. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 119 The world wrongeth itselfe infinitly, if it runneth not to the gaze of that bewtifull Bel-uedere. 1623 J. Webster Deuils Law-case i. sig. A3 They build their Palaces and Belvidears With musicall Water-workes. a1670 J. Hacket Cent. Serm. (1675) 336 One flowry Meadow with a purling stream running by it, one beautiful Garden, a Belvidere with rare figures of composures. 1755 J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio II. ix. 3 Over this Recess, so pleasingly horrid..arose an open and airy Belvidere. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iii. 148 What means this Belvedere? This Tower, stuck like a fools'-cap on the roof? 1964 M. Stewart This Rough Magic (1965) xiii. 168 From the belvedere you can see practically the whole way from Vutrinto..to Perdika. 2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Property Suppl.) 1/5 Beckman likes to sit in the belvedere, a drink close at hand, and watch the setting sun. 2. A plant, the summer cypress, Bassia scoparia. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > foliage, house, or garden plants > [noun] > belvedere belvedere1597 summer cypress1706 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 443 Scoparia, or after Dodoneus Osyris, which the Italians call Belvidere. 1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) App. xxii. 1614 The former of these hath many winding stalkes, whereon grow short branches set thick with narrow leaues like those of Beluidere, or Besome flax. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Belvedere. 1797 C. Marshall Gardening (1805) 326 Belvidere, annual, summer or mock cypress. 1823 E. Kent Flora Domestica 59 Belvedere. Chenopodium Scoparia... Called also Summer Cypress. 1935 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 22 529 Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Standing Cypress, Belvedere. Escaped from cultivation into waste ground and along railroads. 2007 Weed Biol. & Managem. 7 115/2 Kochia (Kochia scoparia [L.] Schrad.), also known as fireweed, belvedere, burning bush, railroad weed or summer cypress, was first introduced to the USA in the early 1900s as an ornamental plant from Eurasia. Compounds Belvedere Apollo n. a classical marble sculpture of Apollo formerly displayed in the Belvedere at the Vatican (see note at sense 1); = Apollo Belvedere at Apollo n. 2a.The work is thought to be a Roman copy of a classical or Hellenistic Greek bronze. Since its discovery in the late 15th cent. it has frequently been regarded as a masterpiece and was for centuries widely considered to represent the aesthetic ideal of the male form. [Compare Italian Apollo di Belvedere (first half of the 16th cent. or earlier).] ΚΠ 1760 D. Webb Inq. Beauties Painting iv. 63 The Belvedere Apollo, and the daughter of Niobe, are the standards of beauty. 1885 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 6 128 The elegant curvature which is essential to the main effect of the Belvedere Apollo. 2004 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Feb. b7/3 From the..icons of Eastern Orthodoxy to the punishing bruiser of Michelangelo's ‘Last Judgment’—which he consciously modeled on the Belvedere Apollo in the Vatican Museums—Jesus served the needs of the day. Belvedere Torso n. a fragment of a classical marble sculpture of a seated male consisting of the figure's muscular torso and upper legs which was formerly displayed in the Belvedere at the Vatican (see note at sense 1).It is unknown whether the fragment is from an original classical or Hellenistic Greek work or from a Roman copy and the identity of the figure depicted is also uncertain, though is most commonly thought to be either Hercules or Ajax. Since coming to prominence in the early 16th cent. the work has frequently been regarded as a masterpiece and its portrayal of heroic muscularity greatly influenced Michelangelo, Raphael, and other Renaissance artists. ΚΠ 1816 Q. Rev. Jan. 544 A Figure..which bears a strong resemblance to the Belvedere Torso. 1927 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 31 164 We know it to be a neo-Attic..work by the master of the Belvedere Torso. 2015 Evening Standard (Nexis) 26 Mar. 47 Dionysus, another Parthenon sculpture, is paired with the Belvedere Torso from the Vatican. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1549
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