pycno-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: 1800s– picno- (nonstandard), 1800s– pycno-, 1800s– pykno- (nonstandard). Before a vowel also pycn-.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek πυκνο-, πυκνός.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πυκνο-, combining form (in e.g. πυκνόϕυλλος having thick foliage) of πυκνός (also πυκινός ) thick, dense, related to πύκα thickly, solidly; further etymology uncertain (perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἄμπυξ ampyx n., although the semantic connection is unclear). Compare scientific Latin pycno- (formations in which are found from the second half of the 18th cent.; compare pycnogonid n.), German pycno- , pykno- (formations in which are found from at least the late 19th cent.; compare pycnogonidium n., pycnospore n.).Earliest in the early 18th cent. in the French and Latin loan pycnostyle n.; subsequently from the first half of the 19th cent. in a number of scientific terms (largely adaptations of scientific Latin and French words), e.g. pycnodont n. and adj. Formations within English are found from the second half of the 19th cent. Combining with second elements ultimately of Greek origin.

Thick, dense.

† pycnaster n. [ < pycno- comb. form + ancient Greek ἀστήρ aster n.] Zoology Obsolete rare a small, star-shaped sponge spicule with thick, blunt-ended rays.

ΚΠ

1888 W. J. Sollas in Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Zool. XXV. p. lxiv Pycnaster, a minute aster with short conical strongylate actines. This..might be regarded as a variety of the chiaster.

pycnochlorite n.

Brit.

/ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈklɔːrʌɪt/

U.S.

/ˌpɪknəˈklɔˌraɪt/

[after German Pyknochlorit (J. Fromme 1903, in Mineral. u. petrogr. Mitteilungen 22 70)] Mineralogy a mineral of the chlorite group having the same composition as clinochlore except for a higher proportion of iron.Formula: (Mg,Fe²⁺,Al)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈, with 1·5–3 atoms of iron per formula unit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > chlorite > clinoclore

leuchtenbergite1844

ripidolite1844

clinochlore1851

kochubeïte1868

pycnochlorite1903

sheridanite1912

1903 Mineral. Mag. 13 375 Pyknochlorite... A greyish-green, compact chlorite occurring in a quartz and calcite vein in the gabbro of the Radauthal, Harz. It has the same general formula..as clinochlore, but differs from this in containing much more ferrous iron and in its compact (πυκνός) texture.

1960 Amer. Mineralogist 45 797 The co-existing chlorite occurs in fairly large pale green crystals and..following the classification of Hey (1954) it may be termed a pycnochlorite, with Fe (total): (Fe + Mg) = 0·273 and Si 2·83, on the basis of 14 oxygens (anhydrous).

2004 Jrnl. Volcanol. & Geothermal Res. 138 149/1 Chlorites of zone II range from pycnochlorites to diabantites and have Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios between 0.62 and 0.69.

pycnocline n.

Brit.

/ˈpɪknə(ʊ)klʌɪn/

U.S.

/ˈpɪknəˌklaɪn/

Chiefly Oceanography a layer in which water density increases rapidly with depth, as a result of decreasing temperature or increasing salinity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > layers of water

mid-water1653

chemocline1937

pycnocline1957

1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. v. 282 When a wind blows over a thick layer of water lying over a second layer of greater density, not only will the surface level be raised at the lee end but the pycnocline, or plane separating the two layers of different density, will be tilted in the opposite direction.

1976 Nature 2 Sept. 8/1 Over large areas of the present-day ocean, a permanent density discontinuity (pycnocline) arises as a consequence of the latitudinal variation in the intensity of incident radiation from the Sun.

2006 Aquaculture 254 602/1 As long as a strong pycnocline exists, caused by a difference in temperature or salinity, the water below it is prevented from being enriched with atmospheric oxygen.

pycnoconidium n.

Brit.

/ˌpɪknə(ʊ)kə(ʊ)ˈnɪdɪəm/

U.S.

/ˌpɪknoʊkəˈnɪdiəm/

[use by Moeller (see quot. 1889) has not been traced] Mycology a pycnidiospore, esp. of a lichenized ascomycete.

ΚΠ

1889 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16 29 These spermatia..germinated and produced a thallus. From this fact Moeller deduced that they are..another form of conidia, or asexually produced spores. He names them Pycnoconidia.

1917 J. W. Harshberger Text-bk Mycol. & Plant Pathol. 50 The depressed conceptacle becomes a pycnidium or conidial fruit, and the spores which it contains are pycnoconidia or the stylospores of Tulasne.

1994 Acta Botanica Fennica 150 79 The pycnoconidia are bifusiform like those in Nephromopsis.

pycnodont n. and adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɪknədɒnt/

U.S.

/ˈpɪknəˌdɑnt/

[probably after French pycnodontes, plural noun ( L. Agassiz Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (1833) II. 2); compare scientific Latin Pycnodus, genus name (1833 or earlier)] Palaeontology (a) n. any of various extinct holostean fishes of the family Pycnodontidae or order Pycnodontiformes, which are usually deep-bodied and characterized by a pavement of crushing teeth in the upper and lower jaws, and are known from fossils of the Mesozoic era; (b) adj. of, relating to, or belonging to this group of fishes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > superorder Ganoidei > miscellaneous fossil types

pycnodont1836

sauroid1836

Cephalaspis1842

buckler-head1847

Pteraspis1857

lepidoganoid1861

coccosteid1863

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [adjective] > ganoid > of fossil or extinct types of

pycnodont1836

cephalaspean1854

cephalaspidean1872

pteraspidian1872

platysomid1878

1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. xiv. 281 The habits of the family of Pycnodonts appear to have been omnivorous.

1909 Science 10 Sept. 328/1 In the earliest known Pycnodont fishes from the Lower Lias..the grinding teeth form an irregular cluster.

1966 A. S. Romer Vertebr. Paleontol. (ed. 3) v. 60/1 Apart from the problems concerning the semionotid and pycnodont groups, a major portion of the holosteans seems fairly certain to constitute a natural group.

1990 M. J. Benton Vertebr. Palaeontol. vi. 133 The pycnodonts of the Jurassic and Cretaceous are mostly deep-bodied forms with long dorsal and anal fins.

pycnodontoid adj. and n.

Brit.

/ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈdɒntɔɪd/

U.S.

/ˌpɪknəˈdɑnˌtɔɪd/

Palaeontology rare (a) adj. relating or belonging to a group of extinct fishes which includes the family Pycnodontidae and closely related forms; (b) n. a fish of this group.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Pycnodontoid, a., resembling or related to a pycnodont.

1890 Cent. Dict. Pycnodontoid, n., a member of the Pycnodontidæ.

1996 J. R. Nursall in G. Arratia & G. Viohl Mesozoic Fishes I. 125 Informal reference to the suborder Pycnodontoidei is by the term ‘pycnodontoid’.

2004 J. R. Nursall & L. Capasso in G. Arratia & G. Viohl Mesozoic Fishes III. 317 The skull has a pycnodontoid appearance.

† pycnogonidium n. [after German Pycnogonidium (1884 in plural Pycnogonidien in the passage translated in quot. 1887)] Mycology Obsolete rare = pycnidiospore n. at pycnidium n. Derivatives.

ΚΠ

1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi ii. v. 225 These latter [receptacles] have been termed by Tulasne pycnidia, and the spores or gonidia formed in them stylospores—not very happy expressions; the first, however, may be retained here, the latter replaced by the words pycnospores or pycnogonidia [Ger. Pycnogonidien].

† pycnohydrometer n. Obsolete rare an instrument for measuring the density of liquids or solids, based on the pycnometer and hydrometer.

ΚΠ

1876 Sci. Amer. 27 May 340/1 A Picno-Hydrometer... A new scientific instrument..is for determining the specific gravity of fluids as well as solids. Its construction is based on the combined principles of the picnometer or specific gravity glass and the hydrometer.

pycnometochia n.

Brit.

/ˌpɪknə(ʊ)mᵻˈtəʊkɪə/

U.S.

/ˌpɪknoʊməˈtoʊkiə/

[ < pycno- comb. form + Hellenistic Greek μετοχή participle, specific use of ancient Greek μετοχή participation, sharing (see metochy n.) + -ia suffix¹] Grammar rare = polymetochia n. at poly- comb. form 1.

ΚΠ

1907 N.E.D. at Poly- Pycnometochia, the close connexion or frequent use of participles or participial phrases; polymetochia.

pycnometochic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɪknə(ʊ)mᵻˈtəʊkɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpɪknoʊməˈtoʊkɪk/

Grammar rare = polymetochic adj. at poly- comb. form 1.

ΚΠ

1909 N.E.D. at Pycno- Pycnometochic, containing or using many participles.

pycnomorphic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpɪknəˈmɔrfɪk/

Cell Biology (now rare) = pycnomorphous adj.

ΚΠ

1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 127 According to the condition of the staining, whether dense, light or medium, a cell is said to be in a ‘pyknomorphic’, ‘apyknomorphic’, or ‘parapyknomorphic’ condition.

1900 Lancet 30 June 1849/2 The cell shows a distinct pyknomorphic condition.

1975 Soviet Jrnl. Developmental Biol. 5 153 The dorsal zone of the preoptic nucleus houses light, dark, and pycnomorphic neurosecretory cells.

pycnomorphous adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfəs/

U.S.

/ˌpɪknəˈmɔrfəs/

[after German pyknomorph (F. Nissl 1894, in Neurol. Centralblatt 13 683)] Cell Biology (now rare) (esp. of certain nerve cells) characterized by dense staining material, so that the cell stains deeply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > staining quality of substance > [adjective]

basophil1890

neutrophil1890

neutrophilic1893

oxyphil1893

oxyphilous1893

basophilic1894

basophilous1894

metachromatic1894

polychromatophilic1897

polychromatophil1898

chromophil1899

chromophilic1899

chromophobic1899

orthochromatic1899

polychromatic1899

pycnomorphous1899

fuchsinophil1900

neutrophilous1900

carminophilous1901

chromatoid1901

oxyphilic1901

pyknotic1902

sudanophil1902

chromaffin1903

metachromic1908

chromophobe1909

phaeochrome1909

sudanophilic1909

trachychromatic1909

polychromasic1911

chromaffinic1913

osmiophilic1923

osmophile1923

Feulgen-negative1928

fuchsinophilic1931

heteropycnotic1934

osmophilic1936

isopycnotic1950

Feulgen-positive1954

1899 L. F. Barker Nerv. Syst. Constituent Neurones xi. 123 Nissl consequently designates the extremely darkly stained cells as pyknomorphous cells, or cells in which the stainable portions are arranged relatively most closely.

1903 Med. Chron. 39 19 The stained, chromophile, or tigroid substance of nerve cells is regarded as nutritional substance. When it is abundant the cell is described as being in a pyknomorphous condition.

1978 Cell & Tissue Res. 186 559 Pyknomorphous NSC [= neurosecretory cells] are constantly present in all fish.

pycnospore n.

Brit.

/ˈpɪknə(ʊ)spɔː/

U.S.

/ˈpɪknəˌspɔr/

[after German Pycnosporen, plural (1884 in the passage translated in quot. 1887)] Mycology a pycnidiospore; (occasionally also) a pycniospore.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts

capsule1693

perithecium1800

aecidium1821

hymenium1830

pseudoperidium1832

pseudoperithecium1832

disc1842

trichidium1842

spicule1843

sporophore1849

stylospore1851

pycnide1856

cyst1857

pycnidium1857

basidium1858

cystidium1858

basidiospore1859

conidium1861

pollinarium1861

gonosphere1865

hymenophorum1866

spicula1866

teleutospore1866

promycelium1867

gonosphaerium1873

hymenophore1874

paracyst1874

sterigma1874

pollinodium1875

scolecite1875

uredospore1875

metuloid1879

operculum1879

uredo1879

aecidiospore1880

pycnidiospore1880

uredo-fruit1882

chlamydospore1884

teleutosorus1884

fruitcake1885

ascocarp1887

periplasm1887

pycnospore1887

pyrenocarp1887

macrostylospore1894

autobasidium1895

oidium1895

zygophore1904

aeciospore1905

aecium1905

pycniospore1905

teliospore1905

telium1905

uredinium1905

uredosorus1905

fruit-body1912

sporodochium1913

probasidium1916

fruiting body1918

pycnium1926

holobasidium1928

protoperithecium1937

uredium1937

1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi v. 246 Pycnidia: receptacles..producing gonidia which are known as pycnospores [Ger. Pycnosporen].

1929 J. C. Arthur Plant Rusts i. 6 The word ‘pycnospore’ is not a derivative of pycnium, and is not an accurate and consistent term for use in connection with the rusts.

1996 Plant Pathol. 45 518 Spore trapping showed that both pycnospore dispersal and ascospore discharge were initiated by rainfall or dew.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pycno-
释义	pycno-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: 1800s– picno- (nonstandard), 1800s– pycno-, 1800s– pykno- (nonstandard). Before a vowel also pycn-. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek πυκνο-, πυκνός. Etymology: < ancient Greek πυκνο-, combining form (in e.g. πυκνόϕυλλος having thick foliage) of πυκνός (also πυκινός ) thick, dense, related to πύκα thickly, solidly; further etymology uncertain (perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ἄμπυξ ampyx n., although the semantic connection is unclear). Compare scientific Latin pycno- (formations in which are found from the second half of the 18th cent.; compare pycnogonid n.), German pycno- , pykno- (formations in which are found from at least the late 19th cent.; compare pycnogonidium n., pycnospore n.).Earliest in the early 18th cent. in the French and Latin loan pycnostyle n.; subsequently from the first half of the 19th cent. in a number of scientific terms (largely adaptations of scientific Latin and French words), e.g. pycnodont n. and adj. Formations within English are found from the second half of the 19th cent. Combining with second elements ultimately of Greek origin. Thick, dense. † pycnaster n. [ < pycno- comb. form + ancient Greek ἀστήρ aster n.] Zoology Obsolete rare a small, star-shaped sponge spicule with thick, blunt-ended rays. ΚΠ 1888 W. J. Sollas in Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Zool. XXV. p. lxiv Pycnaster, a minute aster with short conical strongylate actines. This..might be regarded as a variety of the chiaster. pycnochlorite n. Brit. /ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈklɔːrʌɪt/ , U.S. /ˌpɪknəˈklɔˌraɪt/ [after German Pyknochlorit (J. Fromme 1903, in Mineral. u. petrogr. Mitteilungen 22 70)] Mineralogy a mineral of the chlorite group having the same composition as clinochlore except for a higher proportion of iron.Formula: (Mg,Fe²⁺,Al)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈, with 1·5–3 atoms of iron per formula unit. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > chlorite > clinoclore leuchtenbergite1844 ripidolite1844 clinochlore1851 kochubeïte1868 pycnochlorite1903 sheridanite1912 1903 Mineral. Mag. 13 375 Pyknochlorite... A greyish-green, compact chlorite occurring in a quartz and calcite vein in the gabbro of the Radauthal, Harz. It has the same general formula..as clinochlore, but differs from this in containing much more ferrous iron and in its compact (πυκνός) texture. 1960 Amer. Mineralogist 45 797 The co-existing chlorite occurs in fairly large pale green crystals and..following the classification of Hey (1954) it may be termed a pycnochlorite, with Fe (total): (Fe + Mg) = 0·273 and Si 2·83, on the basis of 14 oxygens (anhydrous). 2004 Jrnl. Volcanol. & Geothermal Res. 138 149/1 Chlorites of zone II range from pycnochlorites to diabantites and have Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios between 0.62 and 0.69. pycnocline n. Brit. /ˈpɪknə(ʊ)klʌɪn/ , U.S. /ˈpɪknəˌklaɪn/ Chiefly Oceanography a layer in which water density increases rapidly with depth, as a result of decreasing temperature or increasing salinity. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > layers of water mid-water1653 chemocline1937 pycnocline1957 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. v. 282 When a wind blows over a thick layer of water lying over a second layer of greater density, not only will the surface level be raised at the lee end but the pycnocline, or plane separating the two layers of different density, will be tilted in the opposite direction. 1976 Nature 2 Sept. 8/1 Over large areas of the present-day ocean, a permanent density discontinuity (pycnocline) arises as a consequence of the latitudinal variation in the intensity of incident radiation from the Sun. 2006 Aquaculture 254 602/1 As long as a strong pycnocline exists, caused by a difference in temperature or salinity, the water below it is prevented from being enriched with atmospheric oxygen. pycnoconidium n. Brit. /ˌpɪknə(ʊ)kə(ʊ)ˈnɪdɪəm/ , U.S. /ˌpɪknoʊkəˈnɪdiəm/ [use by Moeller (see quot. 1889) has not been traced] Mycology a pycnidiospore, esp. of a lichenized ascomycete. ΚΠ 1889 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16 29 These spermatia..germinated and produced a thallus. From this fact Moeller deduced that they are..another form of conidia, or asexually produced spores. He names them Pycnoconidia. 1917 J. W. Harshberger Text-bk Mycol. & Plant Pathol. 50 The depressed conceptacle becomes a pycnidium or conidial fruit, and the spores which it contains are pycnoconidia or the stylospores of Tulasne. 1994 Acta Botanica Fennica 150 79 The pycnoconidia are bifusiform like those in Nephromopsis. pycnodont n. and adj. Brit. /ˈpɪknədɒnt/ , U.S. /ˈpɪknəˌdɑnt/ [probably after French pycnodontes, plural noun ( L. Agassiz Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (1833) II. 2); compare scientific Latin Pycnodus, genus name (1833 or earlier)] Palaeontology (a) n. any of various extinct holostean fishes of the family Pycnodontidae or order Pycnodontiformes, which are usually deep-bodied and characterized by a pavement of crushing teeth in the upper and lower jaws, and are known from fossils of the Mesozoic era; (b) adj. of, relating to, or belonging to this group of fishes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > superorder Ganoidei > miscellaneous fossil types pycnodont1836 sauroid1836 Cephalaspis1842 buckler-head1847 Pteraspis1857 lepidoganoid1861 coccosteid1863 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [adjective] > ganoid > of fossil or extinct types of pycnodont1836 cephalaspean1854 cephalaspidean1872 pteraspidian1872 platysomid1878 1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. xiv. 281 The habits of the family of Pycnodonts appear to have been omnivorous. 1909 Science 10 Sept. 328/1 In the earliest known Pycnodont fishes from the Lower Lias..the grinding teeth form an irregular cluster. 1966 A. S. Romer Vertebr. Paleontol. (ed. 3) v. 60/1 Apart from the problems concerning the semionotid and pycnodont groups, a major portion of the holosteans seems fairly certain to constitute a natural group. 1990 M. J. Benton Vertebr. Palaeontol. vi. 133 The pycnodonts of the Jurassic and Cretaceous are mostly deep-bodied forms with long dorsal and anal fins. pycnodontoid adj. and n. Brit. /ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈdɒntɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌpɪknəˈdɑnˌtɔɪd/ Palaeontology rare (a) adj. relating or belonging to a group of extinct fishes which includes the family Pycnodontidae and closely related forms; (b) n. a fish of this group. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Pycnodontoid, a., resembling or related to a pycnodont. 1890 Cent. Dict. Pycnodontoid, n., a member of the Pycnodontidæ. 1996 J. R. Nursall in G. Arratia & G. Viohl Mesozoic Fishes I. 125 Informal reference to the suborder Pycnodontoidei is by the term ‘pycnodontoid’. 2004 J. R. Nursall & L. Capasso in G. Arratia & G. Viohl Mesozoic Fishes III. 317 The skull has a pycnodontoid appearance. † pycnogonidium n. [after German Pycnogonidium (1884 in plural Pycnogonidien in the passage translated in quot. 1887)] Mycology Obsolete rare = pycnidiospore n. at pycnidium n. Derivatives. ΚΠ 1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi ii. v. 225 These latter [receptacles] have been termed by Tulasne pycnidia, and the spores or gonidia formed in them stylospores—not very happy expressions; the first, however, may be retained here, the latter replaced by the words pycnospores or pycnogonidia [Ger. Pycnogonidien]. † pycnohydrometer n. Obsolete rare an instrument for measuring the density of liquids or solids, based on the pycnometer and hydrometer. ΚΠ 1876 Sci. Amer. 27 May 340/1 A Picno-Hydrometer... A new scientific instrument..is for determining the specific gravity of fluids as well as solids. Its construction is based on the combined principles of the picnometer or specific gravity glass and the hydrometer. pycnometochia n. Brit. /ˌpɪknə(ʊ)mᵻˈtəʊkɪə/ , U.S. /ˌpɪknoʊməˈtoʊkiə/ [ < pycno- comb. form + Hellenistic Greek μετοχή participle, specific use of ancient Greek μετοχή participation, sharing (see metochy n.) + -ia suffix¹] Grammar rare = polymetochia n. at poly- comb. form 1. ΚΠ 1907 N.E.D. at Poly- Pycnometochia, the close connexion or frequent use of participles or participial phrases; polymetochia. pycnometochic adj. Brit. /ˌpɪknə(ʊ)mᵻˈtəʊkɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpɪknoʊməˈtoʊkɪk/ Grammar rare = polymetochic adj. at poly- comb. form 1. ΚΠ 1909 N.E.D. at Pycno- Pycnometochic, containing or using many participles. pycnomorphic adj. Brit. /ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpɪknəˈmɔrfɪk/ Cell Biology (now rare) = pycnomorphous adj. ΚΠ 1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 127 According to the condition of the staining, whether dense, light or medium, a cell is said to be in a ‘pyknomorphic’, ‘apyknomorphic’, or ‘parapyknomorphic’ condition. 1900 Lancet 30 June 1849/2 The cell shows a distinct pyknomorphic condition. 1975 Soviet Jrnl. Developmental Biol. 5 153 The dorsal zone of the preoptic nucleus houses light, dark, and pycnomorphic neurosecretory cells. pycnomorphous adj. Brit. /ˌpɪknə(ʊ)ˈmɔːfəs/ , U.S. /ˌpɪknəˈmɔrfəs/ [after German pyknomorph (F. Nissl 1894, in Neurol. Centralblatt 13 683)] Cell Biology (now rare) (esp. of certain nerve cells) characterized by dense staining material, so that the cell stains deeply. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > staining quality of substance > [adjective] basophil1890 neutrophil1890 neutrophilic1893 oxyphil1893 oxyphilous1893 basophilic1894 basophilous1894 metachromatic1894 polychromatophilic1897 polychromatophil1898 chromophil1899 chromophilic1899 chromophobic1899 orthochromatic1899 polychromatic1899 pycnomorphous1899 fuchsinophil1900 neutrophilous1900 carminophilous1901 chromatoid1901 oxyphilic1901 pyknotic1902 sudanophil1902 chromaffin1903 metachromic1908 chromophobe1909 phaeochrome1909 sudanophilic1909 trachychromatic1909 polychromasic1911 chromaffinic1913 osmiophilic1923 osmophile1923 Feulgen-negative1928 fuchsinophilic1931 heteropycnotic1934 osmophilic1936 isopycnotic1950 Feulgen-positive1954 1899 L. F. Barker Nerv. Syst. Constituent Neurones xi. 123 Nissl consequently designates the extremely darkly stained cells as pyknomorphous cells, or cells in which the stainable portions are arranged relatively most closely. 1903 Med. Chron. 39 19 The stained, chromophile, or tigroid substance of nerve cells is regarded as nutritional substance. When it is abundant the cell is described as being in a pyknomorphous condition. 1978 Cell & Tissue Res. 186 559 Pyknomorphous NSC [= neurosecretory cells] are constantly present in all fish. pycnospore n. Brit. /ˈpɪknə(ʊ)spɔː/ , U.S. /ˈpɪknəˌspɔr/ [after German Pycnosporen, plural (1884 in the passage translated in quot. 1887)] Mycology a pycnidiospore; (occasionally also) a pycniospore. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > parts of > reproductive parts capsule1693 perithecium1800 aecidium1821 hymenium1830 pseudoperidium1832 pseudoperithecium1832 disc1842 trichidium1842 spicule1843 sporophore1849 stylospore1851 pycnide1856 cyst1857 pycnidium1857 basidium1858 cystidium1858 basidiospore1859 conidium1861 pollinarium1861 gonosphere1865 hymenophorum1866 spicula1866 teleutospore1866 promycelium1867 gonosphaerium1873 hymenophore1874 paracyst1874 sterigma1874 pollinodium1875 scolecite1875 uredospore1875 metuloid1879 operculum1879 uredo1879 aecidiospore1880 pycnidiospore1880 uredo-fruit1882 chlamydospore1884 teleutosorus1884 fruitcake1885 ascocarp1887 periplasm1887 pycnospore1887 pyrenocarp1887 macrostylospore1894 autobasidium1895 oidium1895 zygophore1904 aeciospore1905 aecium1905 pycniospore1905 teliospore1905 telium1905 uredinium1905 uredosorus1905 fruit-body1912 sporodochium1913 probasidium1916 fruiting body1918 pycnium1926 holobasidium1928 protoperithecium1937 uredium1937 1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi v. 246 Pycnidia: receptacles..producing gonidia which are known as pycnospores [Ger. Pycnosporen]. 1929 J. C. Arthur Plant Rusts i. 6 The word ‘pycnospore’ is not a derivative of pycnium, and is not an accurate and consistent term for use in connection with the rusts. 1996 Plant Pathol. 45 518 Spore trapping showed that both pycnospore dispersal and ascospore discharge were initiated by rainfall or dew. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1836
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