punctumn.

Brit.

/ˈpʌŋ(k)təm/, U.S.

/ˈpəŋ(k)təm/

Inflections: Plural puncta.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin punctum.

Etymology: < classical Latin punctum (see point n.¹). With sense 3b compare earlier punctum lacrimale n.

†1.

a. A geometrical point in space; a mathematical point; = point n.¹ 4a. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun]

pointa1398

prick1532

sign1570

punctuma1592

punct1638

mathematical point1659

origin1723

fixed point1778

lattice point1857

pole1879

point of closure1956

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. E3^v Mongst the quadruplicitie Of elementall essence, Terra is but thought, To be a punctum squared to the rest.

1602 J. Davies Mirum in Modum sig. H3^v Arithmetike from Vnity proceedes, Eu'n as from Punctum flowes Geometry.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. ix. §4. 298 God is that Punctum,..from whom, euery Creature..doth proceede;..and vnto whom, they bee destinated.

1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxii. 72 Like a Piramide, lessening it selfe by degrees, till it growes at last to a punctum, to a nothing.

a1635 R. Corbett Time's Whistle (1871) 149 In mathematique bodies three thinges please, their punctum, linea, superficies.

1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 95 Which sentence is a Species of discrete Quantity, that has no permanent punctum.

1770 tr. J. Behmen in Compend. View Grounds Teutonick Philos. iii. iii. 48 If I should go about to seek for the beginning or ending of a small dot, or punctum; or of a perfect circle, I should be confounded.

b. A very small division of time, an instant. Cf. point n.¹ 6b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > [noun] > moment or instant

hand-whileOE

prinkOE

start-while?c1225

twinkling1303

rese?c1335

prick1340

momenta1382

pointa1382

minutea1393

instant1398

braida1400

siquarea1400

twink14..

whip?c1450

movement1490

punct1513

pissing whilea1556

trice1579

turning of a hand1579

wink1585

twinklec1592

semiquaver1602

punto1616

punctilio of time1620

punctum1620

breathing1625

instance1631

tantillation1651

rapc1700

crack1725

turning of a straw1755

pig's whisper1780

jiffy1785

less than no time1788

jiff1797

blinka1813

gliffy1820

handclap1822

glimpsea1824

eyewink1836

thought1836

eye-blink1838

semibreve1845

pop1847

two shakes of a lamb's taila1855

pig's whistle1859

time point1867

New York minute1870

tick1879

mo?1896

second1897

styme1897

split-second1912

split minute1931

no-time1942

sec.1956

1620 Bp. J. King Serm. 26 Mar. 21 The punctum, the nunc, the moment and indiuisibility of time.

1665 J. Crowne Pandion & Amphigenia ii. 264 He would have contracted the former goodness of the whole span of his life into a punctum, of all his years into that last moment.

1676 T. Shadwell Virtuoso iv. 61 Here are some Phænomena's of scandal, but I will dissolve all in a punctum of time.

1682 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech.: 2nd Pt. v. viii I cast a flie into it, which died in one punctum of time.

c. The essence of a matter or thing, the most important focus of attention or consideration; (also) a point for discussion, a proposition (cf. puncta n.¹). Cf. point n.¹ 10, 12. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > [noun] > essential part

pointc1385

pithc1425

issue1553

extract1570

catch1600

hinge1638

punctuma1680

resa1732

jet1748

gist1820

bottom line1830

just it1862

crux1888

a1680 T. Goodwin On Knowl. God ii. v, in Wks. (1683) II. 83 The Punctum of which [assertion] lies in this, That in our Christ, God and Man are become one Person.

1799 M. Geisweiler tr. A. von Kotzebue Poverty & Nobleness of Mind i. vi. 27 Jose. Sub Hypotheca, your family happiness. Plum. Punctum. I am going to the counting house.

2. †A point used as a punctuation mark, a full stop (obsolete). Also: (Palaeography) = punctus n.figurative in quot. 1724.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] > point or stop

distinction1552

stay1596

stop1598

interpunction1617

punctc1620

punctum1652

interpoint1684

interstinctive point1696

dot1699

interpunctuation1717

guard-stops1866

distinctive1874

interpunct1898

punctus elevatus1951

punctus versus1951

punctus1954

1652 W. Pynchon Jewes Synagogue 87 Our Lord doth tell us, that the least Letter or Tittle in the Law shall not faile... Hence we may learne, though Punctum (a prick) hath no quantitie, yet the terme is of great quantitie... Not the fifteen strange Pricks, but Vowel Pricks must needs be meant.

1724 E. Ward Wandring Spy i. 67 The chearful Driver and his Steed, Put a full Punctum to their Speed.

1751 E. Synge Let. 10 Sept. (1996) 363 Punctums should be put only, where the Sense is Complete.

1786 H. White Divine Dict. II. 97 Let Acts iv. 27–30. be read with judgment, without punctums, commas, &c. originally written in the Greek.

1880 Antiquary 1 62/2 The full stop or punctum is given in the same form (.); but wherever this sign is used as a full stop, the word which follows it begins with a capital letter.

1952 P. Clemoes Liturg. Infl. Punctuation in Late Old Eng. & Early Middle Eng. MSS 4 Punctus elevatus, a symbol formed by combining Punctum and Podatus.

1975 Anglo-Saxon Eng. 4 117 The poems in lyric metres are written across the page as prose, but each verse line is separated by at least a punctum (or greater punctuation if the syntax requires it).

1998 T. Kubouchi in J. Fisiak & A. Oizumi Eng. Hist. Linguistics & Philol. in Japan 172 The punctus interrogativus [was derived] from a punctum plus a porrectus.

a. Chiefly Zoology, Botany, and Medicine. A minute rounded mark or object; a speck, a dot; a small rounded spot of colour; a small elevation or depression on a surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > variegation > spot of colour > [noun] > small spot or speckle

puncta1398

pointa1400

masclec1400

specklec1440

pecklec1450

sprinkle1481

spreckle1513

frecklea1549

spruttle1553

dot1596

punctum1653

pip1676

spark1686

punctal1694

mail1727

punctule1785

puncta1858

freck1866

guttula1887

1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations 93 Therefore in order of Generation, I conceive that the Punctum and Blood do first exist, but the pulsation arriveth not till afterward.

1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 195 The least Creature that we can see without the help of Art, is a Mite, it resembling a little white Punctum or Point.

1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 164 The dark puncta of the petals and capsules afford this essential oil.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxi. 245 In many of the hawkmoths..it [sc. the skin of the pupa] is covered with impressed puncta.

1846 F. M'Coy Synopsis Silurian Fossils Ireland 42 In the T[rinucleus] seticornis they form two small circular puncta, about twice their own diameter within the margin.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 478 These papules..often disclose a central punctum.

1941 Amer. Midland Naturalist 26 537 The abdominal segments..are marked on each side with..two pairs of dark dorsal puncta, those nearer the median line being larger.

1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) viii. 594 Insect bites (look for grouped blisters, each with a central punctum).

2005 Jrnl. Hand Surg. 30 490/1 Once within the subcutaneous tissue, the larva..excretes waste via a tube which passes to the skin and forms the characteristic punctum.

b. Anatomy. More fully lacrimal punctum. The tiny circular orifice of each of the lacrimal ducts, situated on the margin of each eyelid near the medial commissure. Cf. punctum lacrimale n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > [noun]

punctum lacrimale1688

punctum1751

1751 R. Brookes Gen. Pract. Physic II. 542 He introduces a small Probe through a Lachrymal Punctum into the Lachrymal Sack, and into the Nose.

1780 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 243 The steel pipe was passed into the inferior punctum.

1825 Lancet 26 Nov. 311/1 The fluid is poured out faster than it can be absorbed by the puncta, and it flows over the surface of the cheeks.

1875 H. Walton Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 144 It displaced the lower eyelid together with the punctum, and produced epiphora.

1930 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 8 294/2 If the only obstruction found is in the punctum or canaliculus this may be corrected by simply dilating the punctum a few times.

1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxvii. 293 Hemorrhage from the lacrimal puncta may occasionally accompany long-standing neoplasia.

4. Early Music.

a. A closing inflection used in the chanting of lessons or prayers in Christian liturgy, often entailing a descent from the monotone reciting note. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi Ceremonial Rom. Rite 304 When the Prayer concludes with Qui vivis or Qui tecum, the Punctum only is used, as above in Spiritus Sancte Deus.

1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) IV. 484/1 The metrum is the same for the Epistle and Gospel... The punctum differs; that for the Epistle is as follows... The punctum for the Gospel is a drop of a minor third.

b. In Western plainsong notation: a neume or part of a neume signifying a single note, usually written as a dot.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > part of plainchant

pneumaa1398

neume1440

intonation1620

antiphony1753

mediation1776

neuma1776

antiphon1778

recitation note1844

initial1880

punctum1882

mediant1930

1879 T. Helmore Plain Song 8 The Point (Punctum), having the value of a short note (i.e. a Semibreve).]

1882 Musical Times 23 451/1 The happy notion, so curiously overlooked by all ancient nations, of placing the points—or puncta—of the neumes on separate lines and spaces.

1901 H. E. Wooldridge Oxf. Hist. Music I. 116 The punctum or old grave accent, which signified a descending note, and the virga or old acute accent, which was used when the note ascended... The virga became the longa..and the punctum the brevis..of Discant.

1956 Musical Q. 42 81 The first neume that appears on the top should be a virga and three puncta, or four descending notes.

1991 J. Caldwell Oxf. Hist. Eng. Music I. v. 272 He did not hesitate to rearrange the notes to fit the changed accentuation, and he adopted the available range of note-shapes (the plica,..and the square and diamond punctum) to ensure a natural delivery.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	punctum
释义	punctumn. Brit. /ˈpʌŋ(k)təm/, U.S. /ˈpəŋ(k)təm/ Inflections: Plural puncta. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin punctum. Etymology: < classical Latin punctum (see point n.¹). With sense 3b compare earlier punctum lacrimale n. †1. a. A geometrical point in space; a mathematical point; = point n.¹ 4a. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] pointa1398 prick1532 sign1570 punctuma1592 punct1638 mathematical point1659 origin1723 fixed point1778 lattice point1857 pole1879 point of closure1956 a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. E3^v Mongst the quadruplicitie Of elementall essence, Terra is but thought, To be a punctum squared to the rest. 1602 J. Davies Mirum in Modum sig. H3^v Arithmetike from Vnity proceedes, Eu'n as from Punctum flowes Geometry. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. ix. §4. 298 God is that Punctum,..from whom, euery Creature..doth proceede;..and vnto whom, they bee destinated. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxii. 72 Like a Piramide, lessening it selfe by degrees, till it growes at last to a punctum, to a nothing. a1635 R. Corbett Time's Whistle (1871) 149 In mathematique bodies three thinges please, their punctum, linea, superficies. 1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 95 Which sentence is a Species of discrete Quantity, that has no permanent punctum. 1770 tr. J. Behmen in Compend. View Grounds Teutonick Philos. iii. iii. 48 If I should go about to seek for the beginning or ending of a small dot, or punctum; or of a perfect circle, I should be confounded. b. A very small division of time, an instant. Cf. point n.¹ 6b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > [noun] > moment or instant hand-whileOE prinkOE start-while?c1225 twinkling1303 rese?c1335 prick1340 momenta1382 pointa1382 minutea1393 instant1398 braida1400 siquarea1400 twink14.. whip?c1450 movement1490 punct1513 pissing whilea1556 trice1579 turning of a hand1579 wink1585 twinklec1592 semiquaver1602 punto1616 punctilio of time1620 punctum1620 breathing1625 instance1631 tantillation1651 rapc1700 crack1725 turning of a straw1755 pig's whisper1780 jiffy1785 less than no time1788 jiff1797 blinka1813 gliffy1820 handclap1822 glimpsea1824 eyewink1836 thought1836 eye-blink1838 semibreve1845 pop1847 two shakes of a lamb's taila1855 pig's whistle1859 time point1867 New York minute1870 tick1879 mo?1896 second1897 styme1897 split-second1912 split minute1931 no-time1942 sec.1956 1620 Bp. J. King Serm. 26 Mar. 21 The punctum, the nunc, the moment and indiuisibility of time. 1665 J. Crowne Pandion & Amphigenia ii. 264 He would have contracted the former goodness of the whole span of his life into a punctum, of all his years into that last moment. 1676 T. Shadwell Virtuoso iv. 61 Here are some Phænomena's of scandal, but I will dissolve all in a punctum of time. 1682 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech.: 2nd Pt. v. viii I cast a flie into it, which died in one punctum of time. c. The essence of a matter or thing, the most important focus of attention or consideration; (also) a point for discussion, a proposition (cf. puncta n.¹). Cf. point n.¹ 10, 12. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > [noun] > essential part pointc1385 pithc1425 issue1553 extract1570 catch1600 hinge1638 punctuma1680 resa1732 jet1748 gist1820 bottom line1830 just it1862 crux1888 a1680 T. Goodwin On Knowl. God ii. v, in Wks. (1683) II. 83 The Punctum of which [assertion] lies in this, That in our Christ, God and Man are become one Person. 1799 M. Geisweiler tr. A. von Kotzebue Poverty & Nobleness of Mind i. vi. 27 Jose. Sub Hypotheca, your family happiness. Plum. Punctum. I am going to the counting house. 2. †A point used as a punctuation mark, a full stop (obsolete). Also: (Palaeography) = punctus n.figurative in quot. 1724. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] > point or stop distinction1552 stay1596 stop1598 interpunction1617 punctc1620 punctum1652 interpoint1684 interstinctive point1696 dot1699 interpunctuation1717 guard-stops1866 distinctive1874 interpunct1898 punctus elevatus1951 punctus versus1951 punctus1954 1652 W. Pynchon Jewes Synagogue 87 Our Lord doth tell us, that the least Letter or Tittle in the Law shall not faile... Hence we may learne, though Punctum (a prick) hath no quantitie, yet the terme is of great quantitie... Not the fifteen strange Pricks, but Vowel Pricks must needs be meant. 1724 E. Ward Wandring Spy i. 67 The chearful Driver and his Steed, Put a full Punctum to their Speed. 1751 E. Synge Let. 10 Sept. (1996) 363 Punctums should be put only, where the Sense is Complete. 1786 H. White Divine Dict. II. 97 Let Acts iv. 27–30. be read with judgment, without punctums, commas, &c. originally written in the Greek. 1880 Antiquary 1 62/2 The full stop or punctum is given in the same form (.); but wherever this sign is used as a full stop, the word which follows it begins with a capital letter. 1952 P. Clemoes Liturg. Infl. Punctuation in Late Old Eng. & Early Middle Eng. MSS 4 Punctus elevatus, a symbol formed by combining Punctum and Podatus. 1975 Anglo-Saxon Eng. 4 117 The poems in lyric metres are written across the page as prose, but each verse line is separated by at least a punctum (or greater punctuation if the syntax requires it). 1998 T. Kubouchi in J. Fisiak & A. Oizumi Eng. Hist. Linguistics & Philol. in Japan 172 The punctus interrogativus [was derived] from a punctum plus a porrectus. 3. a. Chiefly Zoology, Botany, and Medicine. A minute rounded mark or object; a speck, a dot; a small rounded spot of colour; a small elevation or depression on a surface. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > variegation > spot of colour > [noun] > small spot or speckle puncta1398 pointa1400 masclec1400 specklec1440 pecklec1450 sprinkle1481 spreckle1513 frecklea1549 spruttle1553 dot1596 punctum1653 pip1676 spark1686 punctal1694 mail1727 punctule1785 puncta1858 freck1866 guttula1887 1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations 93 Therefore in order of Generation, I conceive that the Punctum and Blood do first exist, but the pulsation arriveth not till afterward. 1665 M. Nedham Medela Medicinæ 195 The least Creature that we can see without the help of Art, is a Mite, it resembling a little white Punctum or Point. 1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 164 The dark puncta of the petals and capsules afford this essential oil. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxi. 245 In many of the hawkmoths..it [sc. the skin of the pupa] is covered with impressed puncta. 1846 F. M'Coy Synopsis Silurian Fossils Ireland 42 In the T[rinucleus] seticornis they form two small circular puncta, about twice their own diameter within the margin. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 478 These papules..often disclose a central punctum. 1941 Amer. Midland Naturalist 26 537 The abdominal segments..are marked on each side with..two pairs of dark dorsal puncta, those nearer the median line being larger. 1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) viii. 594 Insect bites (look for grouped blisters, each with a central punctum). 2005 Jrnl. Hand Surg. 30 490/1 Once within the subcutaneous tissue, the larva..excretes waste via a tube which passes to the skin and forms the characteristic punctum. b. Anatomy. More fully lacrimal punctum. The tiny circular orifice of each of the lacrimal ducts, situated on the margin of each eyelid near the medial commissure. Cf. punctum lacrimale n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > [noun] punctum lacrimale1688 punctum1751 1751 R. Brookes Gen. Pract. Physic II. 542 He introduces a small Probe through a Lachrymal Punctum into the Lachrymal Sack, and into the Nose. 1780 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 243 The steel pipe was passed into the inferior punctum. 1825 Lancet 26 Nov. 311/1 The fluid is poured out faster than it can be absorbed by the puncta, and it flows over the surface of the cheeks. 1875 H. Walton Pract. Treat. Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 144 It displaced the lower eyelid together with the punctum, and produced epiphora. 1930 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 8 294/2 If the only obstruction found is in the punctum or canaliculus this may be corrected by simply dilating the punctum a few times. 1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxvii. 293 Hemorrhage from the lacrimal puncta may occasionally accompany long-standing neoplasia. 4. Early Music. a. A closing inflection used in the chanting of lessons or prayers in Christian liturgy, often entailing a descent from the monotone reciting note. Now rare. ΚΠ 1853 J. D. H. Dale tr. G. Baldeschi Ceremonial Rom. Rite 304 When the Prayer concludes with Qui vivis or Qui tecum, the Punctum only is used, as above in Spiritus Sancte Deus. 1954 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 5) IV. 484/1 The metrum is the same for the Epistle and Gospel... The punctum differs; that for the Epistle is as follows... The punctum for the Gospel is a drop of a minor third. b. In Western plainsong notation: a neume or part of a neume signifying a single note, usually written as a dot. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > chanted > plainchant > part of plainchant pneumaa1398 neume1440 intonation1620 antiphony1753 mediation1776 neuma1776 antiphon1778 recitation note1844 initial1880 punctum1882 mediant1930 1879 T. Helmore Plain Song 8 The Point (Punctum), having the value of a short note (i.e. a Semibreve).] 1882 Musical Times 23 451/1 The happy notion, so curiously overlooked by all ancient nations, of placing the points—or puncta—of the neumes on separate lines and spaces. 1901 H. E. Wooldridge Oxf. Hist. Music I. 116 The punctum or old grave accent, which signified a descending note, and the virga or old acute accent, which was used when the note ascended... The virga became the longa..and the punctum the brevis..of Discant. 1956 Musical Q. 42 81 The first neume that appears on the top should be a virga and three puncta, or four descending notes. 1991 J. Caldwell Oxf. Hist. Eng. Music I. v. 272 He did not hesitate to rearrange the notes to fit the changed accentuation, and he adopted the available range of note-shapes (the plica,..and the square and diamond punctum) to ensure a natural delivery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1592
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