† qualen.¹

Forms: early Old English qualu (rare), Old English cwealu, Old English–early Middle English cwalu, early Middle English cwal, early Middle English quale, late Middle English qual.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic kvǫl (stem kval- ) torment, torture < the same Germanic base as quell v.¹ Compare ( < an ablaut-variant of the same base) Middle Dutch quāle (Dutch kwaal ), Old Saxon quāla (Middle Low German quāle , quāl ), Old High German quāla (Middle High German quāle , quāl , etc., German Qual ); compare also quele v.

Obsolete.

Death, mortality; destruction; plague.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life

walc900

qualeeOE

qualmOE

mortc1330

murraina1387

loss of lifec1405

mortality?a1425

megadeath1953

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun]

sleightc893

wal-slaught?a900

qualeeOE

deathOE

swordc1000

morthOE

slaughta1225

destroyingc1300

drepingc1300

martyrdomc1325

murderc1325

mortc1330

sleighterc1330

slaughter1338

iron and firea1387

murraina1387

manslaughtera1400

martyre?a1400

quella1425

occision?a1430

decease1513

destruction1526

slaughting1535

butchery?1536

butchering1572

massacrea1578

slaughterdom1592

slaughtering1597

carnage1600

massacring1600

slaughtery1604

internecion1610

decimationa1613

destroy1616

trucidation1623

stragea1632

sword-wrack1646

interemption1656

carnifice1657

panolethry1668

butcher work1808

bloodbath1814

populicide1824

man-slaughtering1851

battue1864

mass murder1917

genocide1944

overkill1957

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. xi. 138 He se cyning mid arleasre cwale ofslegen wæs.

OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xxix. 8 Drihten, hu nyt is þe min slæge, oþþe min cwalu, oððe min rotung on byrgenne?

c1175 ( Ælfric Homily: St. Vincent's Day (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 114 Sume sealden heora lif for his lufe to cwale.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 121 (MED) God ne sparede na his aȝene berne ac ȝef hine to cwale for us alle.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15879 Quale com on orue.

c1465 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Christ Church Oxf.) (1940) A.2014 Qual [c1405 Hengwrt Yet saugh I..A thousand slayn and noght of qualm ystorue].

Compounds

quale-house n. a house of torture; a prison, esp. the part of it reserved for those who are condemned to death.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > place of torture

quale-housec1225

qualm-housec1225

wall1528

butcheryc1540

torture-chamber1829

torture-house1898

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 10 Þe wari..het hire kasten in cwarterne & i cwal-hus [c1225 Royal cwalm-hus].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 365 Vt of þon quarcerne of þan quale-huse [c1300 cwal-huse].

quale-sithe n. death from pestilence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > manner of death > [noun] > death from pestilence

quale-sithec1275

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15924 Heo..cudden heore cunne of heore quale-siðe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

qualen.²

Brit.

/ˈkweɪli/,

/ˈkwɑːleɪ/, U.S.

/ˈkwɑleɪ/

Inflections: Plural qualia.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin quāle.

Etymology: < classical Latin quāle, neuter singular of quālis of what kind, (in logic) having certain qualities (see quality n.).

The property or quality of a thing; Philosophy a quality or property as perceived or experienced by a person; (also) a thing having certain qualities.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun]

birtha1250

the manner ofc1300

formc1310

propertyc1390

naturea1393

condition1393

qualitya1398

temperc1400

taragec1407

naturality?a1425

profession?a1439

affecta1460

temperament1471

essence?1533

affection1534

spirit?1534

temperature1539

natural spirit1541

character1577

complexion1589

tincture1590

idiom1596

qualification1602

texture1611

connativea1618

thread1632

genius1639

complexure1648

quale1654

indoles1672

suchness1674

staminaa1676

trim1707

tenor1725

colouring1735

tint1760

type1843

aura1859

thusness1883

physis1923

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute > a thing having certain qualities

naturea1393

bearer?1518

quale1654

1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana ii. i. 218 An Apparence we term it, because the Quale or Suchness of every sensible thing, receives its peculiar determination from the relation it holds to that sense.

1675 H. Croft Naked Truth 25 The quid, the quale, the quantum, and such-like quacksalving forms.

1723 W. Meston Knight 45 He catch'd her ere she had put on One Rag of Form, when she was naked, And every quid and quale laked.

1805 Tucker's Light of Nature Pursued (ed. 2) VII. xxii.* 30 Qualities..cannot actually subsist, though they may be thought of, without a quale to possess them.

1835 Times 28 Aug. 4/6 But little is said indeed..about the majority which supports the Whig Ministers in the House of Commons, either as to the quantum or the quale of that majority.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 270 When I do not know the ‘quid’ of anything how can I know the ‘quale’?

1905 W. James in Psychol. Rev. Jan. 6 The word ‘activity’ has no content save these experiences of process, obstruction, striving, strian, or release, ultimate qualia as they are of the life given us to be known.

1932 E. C. Tolman Purposive Behavior 452 Raw feel, a name for the peculiar quale of experience.

1968 A. J. Ayer Origins Pragmatism 335 So far as anything can be, qualia are pre-theoretical.

1982 Philos. Q. 32 133 It is possible to hold that certain properties of certain mental states, namely those I've called qualia, are such that their possession or absence makes no difference to the physical world.

2006 New Yorker 19 June 68/1 The subjective quality, the quale, of stereopsis is unique.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	quale
释义	† qualen.¹ Forms: early Old English qualu (rare), Old English cwealu, Old English–early Middle English cwalu, early Middle English cwal, early Middle English quale, late Middle English qual. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic kvǫl (stem kval- ) torment, torture < the same Germanic base as quell v.¹ Compare ( < an ablaut-variant of the same base) Middle Dutch quāle (Dutch kwaal ), Old Saxon quāla (Middle Low German quāle , quāl ), Old High German quāla (Middle High German quāle , quāl , etc., German Qual ); compare also quele v. Obsolete. Death, mortality; destruction; plague. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life walc900 qualeeOE qualmOE mortc1330 murraina1387 loss of lifec1405 mortality?a1425 megadeath1953 the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun] sleightc893 wal-slaught?a900 qualeeOE deathOE swordc1000 morthOE slaughta1225 destroyingc1300 drepingc1300 martyrdomc1325 murderc1325 mortc1330 sleighterc1330 slaughter1338 iron and firea1387 murraina1387 manslaughtera1400 martyre?a1400 quella1425 occision?a1430 decease1513 destruction1526 slaughting1535 butchery?1536 butchering1572 massacrea1578 slaughterdom1592 slaughtering1597 carnage1600 massacring1600 slaughtery1604 internecion1610 decimationa1613 destroy1616 trucidation1623 stragea1632 sword-wrack1646 interemption1656 carnifice1657 panolethry1668 butcher work1808 bloodbath1814 populicide1824 man-slaughtering1851 battue1864 mass murder1917 genocide1944 overkill1957 eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. xi. 138 He se cyning mid arleasre cwale ofslegen wæs. OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xxix. 8 Drihten, hu nyt is þe min slæge, oþþe min cwalu, oððe min rotung on byrgenne? c1175 ( Ælfric Homily: St. Vincent's Day (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 114 Sume sealden heora lif for his lufe to cwale. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 121 (MED) God ne sparede na his aȝene berne ac ȝef hine to cwale for us alle. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15879 Quale com on orue. c1465 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Christ Church Oxf.) (1940) A.2014 Qual [c1405 Hengwrt Yet saugh I..A thousand slayn and noght of qualm ystorue]. Compounds quale-house n. a house of torture; a prison, esp. the part of it reserved for those who are condemned to death. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > place of torture quale-housec1225 qualm-housec1225 wall1528 butcheryc1540 torture-chamber1829 torture-house1898 c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 10 Þe wari..het hire kasten in cwarterne & i cwal-hus [c1225 Royal cwalm-hus]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 365 Vt of þon quarcerne of þan quale-huse [c1300 cwal-huse]. quale-sithe n. death from pestilence. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > manner of death > [noun] > death from pestilence quale-sithec1275 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15924 Heo..cudden heore cunne of heore quale-siðe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2020). qualen.² Brit. /ˈkweɪli/, /ˈkwɑːleɪ/, U.S. /ˈkwɑleɪ/ Inflections: Plural qualia. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin quāle. Etymology: < classical Latin quāle, neuter singular of quālis of what kind, (in logic) having certain qualities (see quality n.). The property or quality of a thing; Philosophy a quality or property as perceived or experienced by a person; (also) a thing having certain qualities. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a property, quality, or attribute > a thing having certain qualities naturea1393 bearer?1518 quale1654 1654 W. Charleton Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana ii. i. 218 An Apparence we term it, because the Quale or Suchness of every sensible thing, receives its peculiar determination from the relation it holds to that sense. 1675 H. Croft Naked Truth 25 The quid, the quale, the quantum, and such-like quacksalving forms. 1723 W. Meston Knight 45 He catch'd her ere she had put on One Rag of Form, when she was naked, And every quid and quale laked. 1805 Tucker's Light of Nature Pursued (ed. 2) VII. xxii.* 30 Qualities..cannot actually subsist, though they may be thought of, without a quale to possess them. 1835 Times 28 Aug. 4/6 But little is said indeed..about the majority which supports the Whig Ministers in the House of Commons, either as to the quantum or the quale of that majority. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 270 When I do not know the ‘quid’ of anything how can I know the ‘quale’? 1905 W. James in Psychol. Rev. Jan. 6 The word ‘activity’ has no content save these experiences of process, obstruction, striving, strian, or release, ultimate qualia as they are of the life given us to be known. 1932 E. C. Tolman Purposive Behavior 452 Raw feel, a name for the peculiar quale of experience. 1968 A. J. Ayer Origins Pragmatism 335 So far as anything can be, qualia are pre-theoretical. 1982 Philos. Q. 32 133 It is possible to hold that certain properties of certain mental states, namely those I've called qualia, are such that their possession or absence makes no difference to the physical world. 2006 New Yorker 19 June 68/1 The subjective quality, the quale, of stereopsis is unique. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹eOEn.²1654
随便看	impassible impassibleness impassibly impassing impassion impassionable impassionate impassionated impassionately impassioned impassionedly impassionedness impassionednesses impassioning impassionment impassions impassive impassively impassiveness impassivenesses impassivities impassivity impastation impastations impaste

† qualen.1

Compounds

qualen.2

† qualen.¹

qualen.²