publishv.

Brit.

/ˈpʌblɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈpəblɪʃ/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle published, (nonstandard, rare) publisht;

Forms:

α. early Middle English ipublist (past participle), Middle English pubblyshe, Middle English publesch, Middle English publesed (past participle), Middle English publich (past participle, perhaps transmission error), Middle English publiche, Middle English publisce, Middle English publische, Middle English publissche, Middle English publisse, Middle English publissh, Middle English publysch, Middle English publyssch, Middle English publyssche, Middle English publyssh, Middle English pvblysshe, Middle English–1500s publesshe, Middle English–1500s publisshe, Middle English–1500s publyshe, Middle English–1500s publysshe, Middle English–1600s publisch, Middle English–1600s publishe, Middle English–1600s publysh, Middle English– publish, 1500s publessed (past participle), 1500s–1600s publesh, 1600s publised (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 publeis, pre-1700 publeissand (present participle), pre-1700 publes, pre-1700 publesch, pre-1700 publesh, pre-1700 publice, pre-1700 publich, pre-1700 publies, pre-1700 publis, pre-1700 publisch, pre-1700 publische, pre-1700 publise, pre-1700 publishe, pre-1700 publisse, pre-1700 publys, pre-1700 1700s– publish. a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vi. 27 Fram þe time þat te statuz weren ipublist furst.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) V. 147 To þis Marchus, Athanasius..wrete for seventy chapitres, þat were i-publesched[L. promulgatis; v.rr. puplisched, publesed; ?a1475 anon. tr. made commune] in þe Synod Nicena.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 101 No þinge þat is pryue, publice [v.rr. puplice, publiche; c1400 C text publisshe] þow it neuere. ▸ ?c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 445 Freris wold not here þis publischt.?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 330 Þis same Piers told & publissed þe trewþe.c1450 MS Douce 52 in Festschrift zum XII. Neuphilologentage (1906) 55 Hyde and haue; publyssh and nouhȝt haue.1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 59 Neuer wyllyng myne seyd mynde, wyll, and intent, so be me published, notified, and declared vpon the seyd ffeoffament, in any maner of wyse to be changyd.a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum 66 in Poems (1899) 45 Publisshing to his connyng your fauour.1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Bv ^v To publysshe y^e doctryne & fayth of cryste.c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Acts iv. 17 That it be na mare publisit in to the pepile.1588 in T. Morris Provosts of Methven (1875) 72 To be red and publicit.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 38 Bot the truth of the mater is nocht publised.1652 Z. Boyd Four Poems from ‘Zion's Flowers’ (1855) App. p. xxv/1 Referring to the said revisers to mak choose of such of my works..as they sall thinck fitt to be publisched.1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. ii. 34 He was almost out of his senses with anger that we had acquainted you with his distress, and he said it was publishing his misery.1896 ‘M. Field’ Attila iv. 106 Do not publish Your shame, for your own sake.2000 N.Y. Times 3 Dec. (Travel section) 16 A medical certificate..must be submitted before the banns can be published.

β. Middle English ipupplist (past participle), Middle English oplyshed (past participle, transmission error), Middle English pirplissched (past participle, transmission error), Middle English poplist (past tense), Middle English poplyst (past participle), Middle English pubplysche, Middle English pupliche, Middle English puplisch, Middle English puplische, Middle English puplise, Middle English puplissh, Middle English puplisshe, Middle English puplist (past tense and past participle), Middle English pupliste (past tense and past participle), Middle English pupllise, Middle English puplysch, Middle English puplyssch, Middle English puplysshe, Middle English pupples, Middle English pupplesche, Middle English puppleysshe, Middle English pupplice, Middle English puppliche, Middle English pupplis (past participle, perhaps transmission error), Middle English pupplische, Middle English pupplisshe, Middle English pupplysch, Middle English pupplyshe, Middle English pupplyst (past participle), Middle English purplyste (past participle, probably transmission error), Middle English–1500s puplice, Middle English–1500s puplishe, Middle English–1500s puplyshe, Middle English–1500s pupplish, Middle English–1500s pupplishe, Middle English–1500s pupplissh, Middle English–1500s pupplysshe, 1500s puplis (Scottish), 1500s puplyche; N.E.D. (1909) also records forms Middle English puplich, Middle English pupplisch. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xlv. 16 It is yherd & with solempne word puplyschid [L. vulgatum] in þe halle of þe kyng. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. i. 19 Joseph forsothe, hir husbond, when he..wolde not pupliche [L. traducere; a1425 L.V. puplische] hir..wolde priuyly forsake hire.?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 90 Þe folk that ascaped..puplised it fulle wide.c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 247 Þus is heresye of þe fend pupplischid in londis.a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 339 Men of þis world..wolen haten hem þat puplisshen it.a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) 29540 He þat poplist it [sc. cursing] furth.a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 911 Al[s] be þe apostil es pupplist.a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1953 So þat he be..puplist.1452 Paston Lett. (1904) II. 259 Hit ys opunly puplysschid.1484 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 41 To pupples and declare..the treuth.1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 200 That the abbot of Salop shuld puplice & openly say.1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 201 Reportes thus puplished.1530 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 79 To be denownsyd and puplychyd.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French poeplier, publier.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman poeplier, poplier, pubblier, publier, pubplier, puplier, pupplier and Middle French publier to make public, to make known, to make famous, to announce, to proclaim (late 12th cent. in Old French as puepleié (past participle); French publier ; < classical Latin pūblicāre (in post-classical Latin also puplicare (from 8th cent.)): see below), with alteration of the ending after verbs in -ish suffix² (compare earlier publy v. from the same French etymon); there is no evidence for a French *publir which could have given rise to the ending of the English verb. Classical Latin pūblicāre to make public property, to place at the disposal of the community, to make public, to make generally known, to exhibit publicly, to publish a book, to confiscate, in post-classical Latin also to denounce (9th cent.) is < pūblicus public adj. The α. forms in English probably partly derive from Anglo-Norman variants in pop- , pup- which are influenced by forms of poeple people n., and partly show the influence within English of people n. Compare also Anglo-Norman publicer, publiser to announce, make public (early 15th cent. or earlier; perhaps < English). Compare Old Occitan publicar (late 12th cent.; also poblicar, pobleiar, pobliar; Occitan publicar), Catalan publicar (late 12th cent.), Spanish publicar (end of the 12th cent.), Portuguese publicar (13th cent.), Italian pubblicare (13th cent.), and also Middle Low German pūblicēren, pūblicīren, German publizieren (15th cent. as †publicieren, †publiciren).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). The Older Scots form publice probably shows the influence of classical Latin pūblicāre. Senses 3 and 4a are not paralleled in French until considerably later (late 16th cent. and early 17th cent. respectively). With sense 4b, compare Middle French se publier (late 16th cent. in this sense). In sense 6 directly after classical Latin pūblicāre to confiscate; compare Middle French publier (early 13th cent. in Old French), Old Occitan (Gascon) pobleiar (1260), (Languedoc) publicar , publigar , all in same sense. Sense 7, which is not paralleled in Latin or the Romance languages, apparently arose by confusion with Middle French peupler people v.; compare quot. a1450 at sense 7, and compare later peoplish v.

I. To make public.

a. transitive. To announce in a formal or official manner; to proclaim; to promulgate (a law, decree, etc.); †to pronounce (a judicial sentence) (obsolete). †to publish (a) war: to declare war (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > promulgate

publisha1325

promulge1488

provulge1506

promulgate1530

provulgate1535

to set forth1567

emit1672

exhibit1693

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vi. 27 Fram þe time þat te statuz weren ipublist furst.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Esdras viii. 15 Þe prechen & pupplisshen vois [a1425 L.V. pupplische a vois; L. divulgent vocem] in alle þer cites & in ierusalem, seiynge, ‘goþ out in to þe hyl’.

c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 290 (MED) Þei maken þe iuge erre and pupplische a sentence contrarie to trewþe.

1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 150/2 A certain Ordinaunce hath be proclamed, publisshed, and streitly kept in..Brabant.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 346 Whan this was publisshed [v.r. pubblyshyd], many ordeyned hem fire and watir.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlix^v Such Ecclesiastical lawes as,..when they be ons published, shalbe obserued.

1587 W. Allen Copie of Let. conc. Dauentrie 7 Where the warre is wholy, and plainlie vnlawful,..in that case the Prince that published the warre doth principally, and most damnably offend.

1603 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1942) I. 94 Full power..to mak prescryve and publeis actis and constitutiouns.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lxiv. 123 Peremptory or pragmatical Laws ought..to be published to the people when they themselves desire them.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. vii, in Hist. Wks. (1813) I. 521 Meanwhile, she commanded the sentence against Mary to be published.

1784 J. White Bampton Lect. iii. 141 Augustus..had published very rigorous edicts against the whole race of Præstigiators.

1838 Times 18 Sept. 5/1 It had been judged expedient in Jamaica to publish an act passed in February last for the suppression of riots and seditious meetings.

1846 W. F. Hook Church Dict. (ed. 5) 590 Constantine the Great published an edict against the Marcionites and other heretics.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §3. 125 The Charter was published throughout the whole country.

1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 578/1 In February, 380, he and Gratian published the famous edict that all their subjects should profess the faith of the Bishops of Rome and Alexandria.

1954 W. Kolarz Peoples of Soviet Far East vi. 165 The birthday of this Tuvinian culture was June 28th, 1930, when the Government published a decree on the introduction of the Tuvinian Latin alphabet.

2002 R. Cohen By Sword i. iv. 70 His first edict against dueling appeared under his mother's regency in the year of his accession... In all, Louis XIV published ten such edicts.

b. transitive. To announce or read (banns) in church before an intended marriage; (U.S. regional, chiefly north-eastern) to announce publicly the name of (a person intending marriage). Formerly also intransitive in the progressive with passive meaning. Cf. ask v. 1d.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > official announcements, permission, or records > official announcements [verb (transitive)] > proclaim (banns) > proclaim (people or their names)

proclaim1530

publish1651

to call (a couple or person) home1653

cry1775

shout1895

1487–8 in Prymer (E.E.T.S.) 170 The Banys where solempnishyd & published betwixt Annes Skerne..and Peres Courteys.

?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. Fiij^v There sche taried with Bothwell, quhile the banes weir publishing.

1651 Essex Antiquarian (Mass.) VII. 45 Mr. Phillips of Rowley, having been published, writes to the General Court saying that there is no one [sc. clergyman] to marry him.

1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Matrimony Saying after the accustomed manner: I publish the Banns of Marriage between M of ——, and N of ——.

1678 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) V. 325 John Whipple junr., and Rebecah Scott widdoe..were published in way of Marriage by a writting fixed upon a publick place in the sayd Towne.

1724 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1900) XXXVI. 332 Mary Flint & Saml. Wainwright published Nov. 29 & married January 27.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. ii. 182 It is my Orders..that you publish these Banns no more.

1841 E. Bulwer-Lytton Night & Morning i. i The Banns on her side will be published with equal privacy in a church near the Tower.

1886 P. Stapleton Major's Christmas 124 Then say you will marry me, and we will be published to-day.

1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon xix. 372 I went up about 'aving the banns published.

1975 Budget (Sugarcreek, Ohio) 20 Mar. 8/3 Published today in above district were Sam, son of Joe J. Yoders and Mary, daughter of Eli H. Weavers. Their wedding to be Saturday, April 5.

1980 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society (ed. 3) ix. 191 Amish courtship is secretive, and the community at large is not informed of an intended wedding until the couple is ‘published’ in church.

a. transitive. To make public or generally known; to declare or report openly or publicly; to announce; (also) to propagate or disseminate (a creed or system). In later use sometimes passing into sense 3b. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)]

sowc888

blowc1275

dispeple1297

to do abroadc1300

fame1303

publyc1350

defamea1382

publisha1382

open?1387

proclaima1393

slandera1400

spreada1400

abroachc1400

throwc1400

to give outa1425

promote?a1425

noisec1425

publicc1430

noisec1440

divulgea1464

to put outc1475

skail1487

to come out witha1500

bruit1525

bruita1529

to bear out1530

divulgate1530

promulgate1530

propale?1530

ventilate1530

provulgate1535

sparple1536

sparse1536

promulge1539

disperse1548

publicate1548

forthtell1549

hurly-burly?1550

propagate1554

to set abroada1555

utter1561

to set forth1567

blaze1570

evulgate1570

scatter1576

rear?1577

to carry about1585

pervulgate1586

celebrate?1596

propalate1598

vent1602

evulge1611

to give forth1611

impublic1628

ventilate1637

disseminate1643

expose1644

emit1650

to put about1664

to send abroad1681

to get abroad1688

to take out1697

advertise1710

forward1713

to set abouta1715

circulate1780

broadcast1829

vent1832

vulgate1851

debit1879

float1883

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xlv. 16 It is yherd & with solempne word puplyschid [L. vulgatum] in þe halle of þe kyng.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 24731 (MED) Of þe concepcioun of our lauedi, puplist bi an angel on þe see.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 2191 Þe folk þat ascaped..puplised it fulle wide.

c1450 (a1400) R. Lavynham Treat. Seven Deadly Sins (Harl. 211) (1956) 23 (MED) It is pubplyschyd to vs..be maner of prophecye þt ȝif englysch men breke þe knotte of wedlok..þat þer schal springe of hem a wickid seed.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 190 (MED) His name ne ought not to [be] hidde, but to be publisshed a-fore eny worthy man.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 436 When this murder was published, all people cryed vnto God for vengeaunce.

1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies sig. A^v The speciall prophesie..notoriously published.

1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy §2 v Rogues do not whisper it now, but seek to publish it..Aloud.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 219 At the very moment that the Sun came to the Equator, he publish'd the new year.

1729 Present State & Regulations Church of Russia ii. 46 The Bishop shall order a Proto Deacon on some Holy Day to publish to the People in the Church these..Words.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. x. 115 She now resolved to publish her resolution of going..to St. James's-square.

1828 T. De Quincey New Ess. (1966) 284 Those associates..who..publish to the world their grim Septembrizing instincts.

1851 F. G. Hibbard Christian Baptism i. 234 It is evident that our Lord intended to authorize the apostles, not only to publish the gospel and to baptize, but also to plant churches, [etc.].

1896 ‘M. Field’ Attila iv. 106 Do not publish Your shame, for your own sake.

1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria ix. 273 For the Queen, far from making a secret of her affectionate friendship, took care to publish it to the world.

1989 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 26 Jan. 3 The idea, they say, is not to forcibly convert people, but to ‘publish’ the word of God so as many people as possible can hear it.

1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania xviii. 495 He perseveres in publishing to the world the fact that the French have been continually detonating nuclear devices.

b. transitive. Law. to publish one's will: to execute a will before witnesses.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > make a will [verb (intransitive)] > publish one's will

to publish one's will1480

1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 59 Neuer wyllyng myne seyd mynde, wyll, and intent, so be me published, notified, and declared vpon the seyd ffeoffament, in any maner of wyse to be changyd.

1616 Will of William Shakespeare (P.R.O.: PROB. 1/4) (Electronic ed.) And doe Revoke All former wills & publishe this to be my last will & testamt.

1649 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 200 I doe publish and declare this to be my last will and testament.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. lxxxvi. 297 I Clarissa Harlowe,..do..make and publish this my Last Will and Testament, in manner and form following.

1852 D. W. Beadle Amer. Lawyer & Business-man's Form Bk. 121 Being of sound mind at the time of making and publishing this my last will and testament, I give and devise all my estate, [etc.].

1929 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. & Amer. Law Reg. 77 362 No order of court can require the deceased to emerge from his tomb and execute the will he contracted to publish and declare as his last will and testament.

1990 R. Maxwell Will in Financial Times (Nexis) (1992) 19 June 9 I, Robert Maxwell, residing at Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, England, do hereby make, publish and declare this codicil to my last will and testament.

c. transitive. Law. To communicate (a defamatory report, etc.) to a person or persons other than the one defamed; esp. in to publish a libel.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)] > publish a libel

publish1600

1600 F. Hastings (title) An apologie or defence of the watch-word, against the virulent and seditious ward-word published by an English-Spaniard, lurking vnder the title of N.D.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Rr4^v A criminous report of any man cast abroad, or otherwise vnlawfully published in writing.

1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III 75 Finding it as well guerdonable, as gratefull, to publish their Libels.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. viii. 126 The defendent, on an indictment for publishing a libel, is not allowed to allege the truth of it by way of justification.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xvi. 577 A deacon of that city had published a libel against the emperor.

1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. II. 207 The Recreant, in silence, was composing the Libel, which his cowardice dared not publish.

1908 Catholic Encycl. III. 622/2 As a consequence of this, libels were published in the city against Charles.

1992 S. Johnstone et al. Legal Context of Teaching (BNC) 102 The teacher who uses this aid will have to be particularly careful to keep it secret and so not publish any libel to anyone at all.

a. transitive. To prepare and issue copies of (a book, newspaper, piece of music, etc.) for distribution or sale to the public. Also: to prepare and issue the work of (an author).Occasionally intransitive in the progressive with passive meaning.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > by means of a book, journal, etc. > issue for sale (books, records, etc.)

publisha1382

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Chron. Prol. l. 15 Þe mene prouyncis betwen þese redyn palestynes bookis, þe whiche..eusebe & pamphilie pupplescheden [L. vulgaverunt].

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 147 To þis Marchus, Athanasius..wrete for seventy chapitres, þat were i-publesched [v.rr. puplisched, publesed; ?a1475 anon. tr. made commune; L. promulgatis] in þe Synod Nicena.

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 7 (MED) He wolde not þat eny of his bokis schulde be publischid bifore his deeþ.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i. Pref., in Wks. 106/1 I am now driuen..to this thirde busynes of publishynge and puttynge my boke in printe my selfe.

1556 Charter Stationers Co. in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 225 Several seditious and heretical books,..are daily published, stamped and printed by divers..persons.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 10 He could no sooner write any thing, but presently it was caught from him, and published, and he could not haue leaue to mend it.

1631 in tr. J. Ghesel Rule of Health (title page) Setforth by Iohn Ghesel, Physitian, borne in Helvetia; written first by him in high Dutch..and now published in English.

1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iv. 56 Isabella, who was his wife, publish'd a book of all the sorts of Points, Laces, and Embroderies.

1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 352 'Tis full of Sands, making two Channels to Lyn, and as many to Boston, a Chart whereof is now Publishing.

1715 J. Addison Spectator No. 567. ¶8 In order to outshine all this modern Race of Syncopists,..I intend shortly to publish a Spectator that shall not have a single Vowel in it.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. i. i. 3 But I pass by these and many others, to mention two Books lately published .

1745 Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 188 A Work which is now publishing under the Title of The Microscopical Theater of Seeds, &c.

1808 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 133 I publish my Greek Accidence, Vocabulary of Greek Terminations..and philosophical Greek Grammar in Spring.

1825 E. Darwin Let. 10 Jan. in C. Darwin Corr. (1985) I. 11 There is a very beautiful work now publishing which you would like. Griffiths Animal Kingdom in Quarterly parts.

a1850 W. Wordsworth Excursion (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1857) VI. (Notes dictated to Miss Fenwick) 3 He published a poem on war, which had a good deal of merit.

1937 J. Squire Honeysuckle & Bee 203 Lane..seemed to publish almost all the exciting new authors.

1952 E. Sackville-West & D. Shawe-Taylor Record Year 213 It looks like a re-issue of the recording published by Decca during the war and since deleted.

1971 Black Scholar Dec. 23/2 Dr. Ladner is frequently published in professional journals.

1996 Independent 3 Jan. 12/3 An article which is sent electronically to the archive is thereby published, and the author is entitled to the benefit of copyright in the same way.

2004 T. Conran in Japan Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. I've just done a book which is now publishing, and in it, many of the designers say, ‘Oh, no, we are not interested in nationality.’

b. transitive. To make generally accessible or available for acceptance or use (a work of art, information, etc.); to present to or before the public; spec. to make public (news, research findings, etc.) through the medium of print or the internet.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)]

to put forth1482

to put out1529

to set forth1535

promulge1539

to set abroada1555

present1559

to set out1559

utter1561

divulge1566

publish1573

print?1594

emit1650

edition1715

edit1727

to give to the world1757

to get out1786

to send forth1849

to bring out1878

run1879

release1896

pub1932

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > by means of a book, journal, etc.

publish1573

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > make publicly available

publish1573

1573 G. Gascoigne Disc. Aduentures Master F. I. in Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 218 A peece of Cockloreus musicke,..such as I might be ashamed to publish in this company.

1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. D3i Of al sorts of foule I haue the names in the countrie language..and after wee are better furnished..vpon further discouery, with their strange beastes, fishe, trees, plants, and hearbes, they shall bee also published.

1605 J. Rosier True Relation Voy. G. Waymouth sig. E^v I refer to his owne relation in the Map of his Geographicall description, which for the benefit of others he intendeth most exactly to publish.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 186 The old Artificers..would not have their workes smoothered up in some private corners, so were they very careful in publishing them.

1710 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 253. ⁋13 The Sequel of the Proceedings of this Day will be published on Tuesday next.

1763 P. Collinson Let. 23 Feb. in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 586 If the small Alagator caught at Pittsburgh has a remarkable flatt proboscis—then it is the animal I published in the Magazine.

1824 in Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 6 207/1 [A small bust of the Duke of York... On the back are engraved the words] ‘Published by T. Hamlet, Aug. 16, 1824’.

1842 W. R. Grove Correl. Physical Forces 30 The celebrated Leonard Euler had published a somewhat similar theory.

1931 Oxf. Mag. 18 June 888/2 H. R. Hall publishes an Egyptian axe in the British Museum.

1993 Computer Weekly 24 June 27/3 To keep this pressure up and create a clean turf war, IBM UK will publish ground rules for internal competition.

c. intransitive. Of an author: to cause to have a book, paper, etc., published; to appear in print.

ΚΠ

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 10 A certain Honourable Gentleman..is..Endeavouring to make a Monopoly of this Voyage, and to that end designs to publish by Authority.

1798 J. Ferriar Certain Var. Man 223 Every man thinks himself entitled to observe and to publish.

1812 J. Jebb Corr. (1834) II. 116 He recommended me to publish. England I have looked to as the proper sphere in which to bring my youngling out.

1931 Frontier (Missoula, Montana) Nov. 82/1 Even should he fail to publish in the big magazines, and never graduate from the ‘pulps’, he can rise to as much as ten cents a word.

2002 A. N. Wilson Victorians viii. 96 We must presume that the chief reason he chose to publish anonymously was fear of the religious backlash against his book.

d. intransitive. Of a work, serial, or periodical (occasionally an author): to undergo the process of publication, to be published.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > be published [verb (intransitive)]

to come forthlOE

to come out1529

to see the light1535

appear1711

run1831

publish1928

1849 Times 13 Aug. 10/2 (advt.) Amusement while travelling—Publishing monthly, one shilling each, the Railway Library.

1918 C. S. Lewis Let. 27 Oct. (1966) 45 He [sc. Heinemann] told me that John Galsworthy (who publishes with them) had seen my MS.

1928 Public Opinion 6 Apr. 325/1 The newspapers do not publish on Good Friday.

1972 Evening Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 24 June 1/1 The Evening Telegram will publish Monday, June 26 which is being observed as Discovery Day in Newfoundland.

e. intransitive. to publish or perish: to publish scholarly work in order to avoid a loss of academic status, respect, or position. Also in imperative, used attributively.

ΚΠ

1934 Geogr. Rev. 24 180 To Professor Davies is due the organization of the Association of American Geographers in 1904... He immediately urged that the Association ‘publish or perish’.

1942 L. Wilson Acad. Man xi. 197 Situational imperatives dictate a ‘publish or perish’ credo within the ranks.

1975 J. D. Bowen in S. Ohannessian et al. Lang. Surv. Developing Nations iii. 19 Why should a new, small, struggling country devote the time and energy of its officials to the publish-or-perish enterprise of Western academia?

2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 2 Jan. (Central ed.) b1/1 Those who scorn the ‘publish or perish’ principle are the most eager to see their own manuscripts published quickly.

†4.

a. transitive. To declare (a person) publicly to be a particular thing, to brand as; (also, without complement) to expose so as to discredit or disgrace. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)]

edwitec825

witec893

accuseOE

bespeaka1000

forwrayOE

atwiteOE

blamea1300

impugn1377

publishc1384

defamea1387

appeach1430

becryc1440

surmisea1485

arguea1522

infame1531

insimulate1532

note1542

tax1548

resperse1551

finger-point1563

chesoun1568

touch1570

disclaim1590

impeach1590

intent1613

question1620

accriminate1641

charge1785

cheek1877

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)]

kithec725

i-bedea800

abedeeOE

bid971

deemOE

bodea1000

tellOE

clepec1275

to tell outa1382

denouncec1384

publishc1384

descryc1390

pronouncec1390

proclaima1393

sound1412

proclaim?a1425

renouncea1425

announcec1429

preconize?1440

announce1483

reclaim?1503

call1523

to speak forth1526

annunciate1533

protest1533

to breathe out1535

denouncec1540

enact1611

deblazon1621

deblaze1640

advise1647

apostolize1652

indigitatea1670

enounce1807

voice1850

norate1851

enunciate1864

post1961

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (reflexive)]

publishc1384

propagate1535

propage1695

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] > announce or proclaim a person as

claimc1330

publishc1384

proclaima1393

acclaim1634

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Matt. i. 19 Joseph forsothe, hir husbond, when he..wolde not pupliche [a1425 L.V. puplische; L. traducere] hir..wolde priuyly forsake hire.

?a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Harl. 3943) (1883) v. 1095 Hir name allas publisshed [v.r. punysshed] is so wide That for hir gilt it ought I-nough suffise.

1470 Rolls of Parl. VI. 233/2 They have deserved to be puplysshed as fals Traytours.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. i. iv. 7 Our Sauiour..is published by performance of the othe, Christ and Priest.

1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes iii. 39 Whosoeuer was knowne to haue offered this sort of Iniurie..were published and proclaimeed as persons Infamous.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) ii. i. 100 How will this grieue you,..that You thus haue publish'd me?

1676 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 124 Mr. Oldenburgh hath published him as a considerable author.

1733 A. Pope 1st Satire 2nd Bk. Horace Imitated ii. i. 11 In this impartial Glass, my Muse intends..to..Publish the present Age.

1842 Times 4 July 6/4 On account of this circumstance the defendants had thought proper to publish him a defaulter.

1871 Scribner's Monthly June 188 When an individual sinner is to be dealt with, it is no way to bring him to repentance to publish him and his crime in face of the congregation.

b. transitive (reflexive). To make oneself or itself known or apparent; to declare oneself publicly to be. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known one's opinions, etc. [verb (reflexive)]

declare1526

publish1598

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 3/2 All..badde..accidents..publishe themselves [Du. haer..openbaren; Fr. s'esueillent] at the full Moone, more then at other times.

1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word 73 These men dissemble least, but rather do publish themselues, euen to the face and vewe of the magistrate.

1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 90 But pray you sir, tell me, will you publish your selfe a ninnie to all the world!

1729 F. Drake Speech Worshipful Soc. Free Masons 33 Others, as Victualers, with a View of having great Resort to their Houses.., publish themselves to be of the Society.

?1800 J. Birch Cherubical Reason 125 Also they publish themselves Ministers of the Gospel, which is preaching, prophecying, and swearing falsely in the name of Jesus.

1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) iv. 127 Human character does evermore publish itself. The most fugitive deed and word..expresses character.

1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xxii. 270 A superstitious despair possessed the heart of every monk and published itself in his ghastly face.

1918 ‘B. MacNamara’ Valley of Squinting Windows 92 But who was there to see him or know since he did not choose to publish himself in Garradrimna?

†5.

a. transitive and intransitive. To bring (a matter) to public notice. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > publicize or bring to public notice

shovec1385

publish1529

posta1640

publicize1832

eclat1835

promo1960

flack1975

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii. iv. f. lxxiii/2 Yt were peraduenture a thyng not conuenyent, after those wytnesses publysshed, to brynge proues a fresshe vppon the pryncypall mater.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 143 Goods found shall be published by the finder to the neighbourhood.

1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man xiv. §11. 287 While cursed Cham publisht and disclosed the nakedness of their father.

1709–10 R. Steele Tatler No. 142. ⁋7 [A diamond box] to be published on Monday which will cost Fourscore Guinea's.

b. transitive. To expose or display to public view. Cf. published adj. 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > expose to public view [verb (transitive)] > display in public

sport1684

publish1839

1839 [implied in: P. J. Bailey Festus 120 The published bosom and the crowning smile—The cup excessive. (at published adj. 2)].

1841 Punch 20 Nov. 225/1 Having arrived at the Hall, put your rings and chains in your pocket, and, if practicable, publish a pair of spectacles.

1885 W. W. Story Poems, Eng. Husb. to It. Wife vii I cannot, like Sarto, publish your face In every Madonna, Sibyl, and Saint.

†6. transitive. To make public property; to confiscate (goods). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > confiscate or sequestrate to state

forfeitc1384

cheatc1440

confisk1474

sequestera1513

confiscatea1533

publish1533

sequestrate1640

inbring1752

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. iii. x. 287 Than was ane law made þat mont aventyne sall be publist and dividit amang þe pepill.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xix. 27 Baith þe gudis of appius claudius and Spu. Oppius war confiscate and publist be þe tribunis.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclvij His goodes also ought by the ciuile Magistrate to be published.

†II. Other senses.

7. transitive. To populate (a country, etc.); (reflexive) to reproduce, multiply, breed. Cf. peoplish v. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > furnishing with inhabitants > [verb (transitive)]

set971

publish?a1400

inhabitc1400

seedc1400

man?a1425

peoplea1475

peoplish1530

repletec1540

empeople1582

popule1588

world1589

appopulate1625

populate1885

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 6386 He wild to Britayn send after men..forto puplise [a1450 Lamb. multeplie] þe lond & tile.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. xi. 139 How greet is the diligence of nature, for alle thinges renovelen and publysschen [v.r. pupllisen; L. propagentur] hem with seed ymultiplied.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxviii. 301 (MED) He scholde go Into a fer strange londe tho Forto pubplysche [Fr. peupler] that Contre.

1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 193 This temple [of Peace] in authoritie was most auncient,..with priests most published, and in deuotion most esteemed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	publish
释义	publishv. Brit. /ˈpʌblɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈpəblɪʃ/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle published, (nonstandard, rare) publisht; Forms: α. early Middle English ipublist (past participle), Middle English pubblyshe, Middle English publesch, Middle English publesed (past participle), Middle English publich (past participle, perhaps transmission error), Middle English publiche, Middle English publisce, Middle English publische, Middle English publissche, Middle English publisse, Middle English publissh, Middle English publysch, Middle English publyssch, Middle English publyssche, Middle English publyssh, Middle English pvblysshe, Middle English–1500s publesshe, Middle English–1500s publisshe, Middle English–1500s publyshe, Middle English–1500s publysshe, Middle English–1600s publisch, Middle English–1600s publishe, Middle English–1600s publysh, Middle English– publish, 1500s publessed (past participle), 1500s–1600s publesh, 1600s publised (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 publeis, pre-1700 publeissand (present participle), pre-1700 publes, pre-1700 publesch, pre-1700 publesh, pre-1700 publice, pre-1700 publich, pre-1700 publies, pre-1700 publis, pre-1700 publisch, pre-1700 publische, pre-1700 publise, pre-1700 publishe, pre-1700 publisse, pre-1700 publys, pre-1700 1700s– publish. a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vi. 27 Fram þe time þat te statuz weren ipublist furst.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) V. 147 To þis Marchus, Athanasius..wrete for seventy chapitres, þat were i-publesched[L. promulgatis; v.rr. puplisched, publesed; ?a1475 anon. tr. made commune] in þe Synod Nicena.c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 101 No þinge þat is pryue, publice [v.rr. puplice, publiche; c1400 C text publisshe] þow it neuere. ▸ ?c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 445 Freris wold not here þis publischt.?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 330 Þis same Piers told & publissed þe trewþe.c1450 MS Douce 52 in Festschrift zum XII. Neuphilologentage (1906) 55 Hyde and haue; publyssh and nouhȝt haue.1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 59 Neuer wyllyng myne seyd mynde, wyll, and intent, so be me published, notified, and declared vpon the seyd ffeoffament, in any maner of wyse to be changyd.a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum 66 in Poems (1899) 45 Publisshing to his connyng your fauour.1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Bv ^v To publysshe y^e doctryne & fayth of cryste.c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Acts iv. 17 That it be na mare publisit in to the pepile.1588 in T. Morris Provosts of Methven (1875) 72 To be red and publicit.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 38 Bot the truth of the mater is nocht publised.1652 Z. Boyd Four Poems from ‘Zion's Flowers’ (1855) App. p. xxv/1 Referring to the said revisers to mak choose of such of my works..as they sall thinck fitt to be publisched.1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. ii. 34 He was almost out of his senses with anger that we had acquainted you with his distress, and he said it was publishing his misery.1896 ‘M. Field’ Attila iv. 106 Do not publish Your shame, for your own sake.2000 N.Y. Times 3 Dec. (Travel section) 16 A medical certificate..must be submitted before the banns can be published. β. Middle English ipupplist (past participle), Middle English oplyshed (past participle, transmission error), Middle English pirplissched (past participle, transmission error), Middle English poplist (past tense), Middle English poplyst (past participle), Middle English pubplysche, Middle English pupliche, Middle English puplisch, Middle English puplische, Middle English puplise, Middle English puplissh, Middle English puplisshe, Middle English puplist (past tense and past participle), Middle English pupliste (past tense and past participle), Middle English pupllise, Middle English puplysch, Middle English puplyssch, Middle English puplysshe, Middle English pupples, Middle English pupplesche, Middle English puppleysshe, Middle English pupplice, Middle English puppliche, Middle English pupplis (past participle, perhaps transmission error), Middle English pupplische, Middle English pupplisshe, Middle English pupplysch, Middle English pupplyshe, Middle English pupplyst (past participle), Middle English purplyste (past participle, probably transmission error), Middle English–1500s puplice, Middle English–1500s puplishe, Middle English–1500s puplyshe, Middle English–1500s pupplish, Middle English–1500s pupplishe, Middle English–1500s pupplissh, Middle English–1500s pupplysshe, 1500s puplis (Scottish), 1500s puplyche; N.E.D. (1909) also records forms Middle English puplich, Middle English pupplisch. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xlv. 16 It is yherd & with solempne word puplyschid [L. vulgatum] in þe halle of þe kyng. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. i. 19 Joseph forsothe, hir husbond, when he..wolde not pupliche [L. traducere; a1425 L.V. puplische] hir..wolde priuyly forsake hire.?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 90 Þe folk that ascaped..puplised it fulle wide.c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 247 Þus is heresye of þe fend pupplischid in londis.a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 339 Men of þis world..wolen haten hem þat puplisshen it.a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) 29540 He þat poplist it [sc. cursing] furth.a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 911 Al[s] be þe apostil es pupplist.a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1953 So þat he be..puplist.1452 Paston Lett. (1904) II. 259 Hit ys opunly puplysschid.1484 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 41 To pupples and declare..the treuth.1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 200 That the abbot of Salop shuld puplice & openly say.1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 201 Reportes thus puplished.1530 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 79 To be denownsyd and puplychyd. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French poeplier, publier. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman poeplier, poplier, pubblier, publier, pubplier, puplier, pupplier and Middle French publier to make public, to make known, to make famous, to announce, to proclaim (late 12th cent. in Old French as puepleié (past participle); French publier ; < classical Latin pūblicāre (in post-classical Latin also puplicare (from 8th cent.)): see below), with alteration of the ending after verbs in -ish suffix² (compare earlier publy v. from the same French etymon); there is no evidence for a French publir which could have given rise to the ending of the English verb. Classical Latin pūblicāre* to make public property, to place at the disposal of the community, to make public, to make generally known, to exhibit publicly, to publish a book, to confiscate, in post-classical Latin also to denounce (9th cent.) is < pūblicus public adj. The α. forms in English probably partly derive from Anglo-Norman variants in pop- , pup- which are influenced by forms of poeple people n., and partly show the influence within English of people n. Compare also Anglo-Norman publicer, publiser to announce, make public (early 15th cent. or earlier; perhaps < English). Compare Old Occitan publicar (late 12th cent.; also poblicar, pobleiar, pobliar; Occitan publicar), Catalan publicar (late 12th cent.), Spanish publicar (end of the 12th cent.), Portuguese publicar (13th cent.), Italian pubblicare (13th cent.), and also Middle Low German pūblicēren, pūblicīren, German publizieren (15th cent. as †publicieren, †publiciren).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). The Older Scots form publice probably shows the influence of classical Latin pūblicāre. Senses 3 and 4a are not paralleled in French until considerably later (late 16th cent. and early 17th cent. respectively). With sense 4b, compare Middle French se publier (late 16th cent. in this sense). In sense 6 directly after classical Latin pūblicāre to confiscate; compare Middle French publier (early 13th cent. in Old French), Old Occitan (Gascon) pobleiar (1260), (Languedoc) publicar , publigar , all in same sense. Sense 7, which is not paralleled in Latin or the Romance languages, apparently arose by confusion with Middle French peupler people v.; compare quot. a1450 at sense 7, and compare later peoplish v. I. To make public. 1. a. transitive. To announce in a formal or official manner; to proclaim; to promulgate (a law, decree, etc.); †to pronounce (a judicial sentence) (obsolete). †to publish (a) war: to declare war (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > promulgate publisha1325 promulge1488 provulge1506 promulgate1530 provulgate1535 to set forth1567 emit1672 exhibit1693 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vi. 27 Fram þe time þat te statuz weren ipublist furst. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Esdras viii. 15 Þe prechen & pupplisshen vois [a1425 L.V. pupplische a vois; L. divulgent vocem] in alle þer cites & in ierusalem, seiynge, ‘goþ out in to þe hyl’. c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 290 (MED) Þei maken þe iuge erre and pupplische a sentence contrarie to trewþe. 1449 Rolls of Parl. V. 150/2 A certain Ordinaunce hath be proclamed, publisshed, and streitly kept in..Brabant. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 346 Whan this was publisshed [v.r. pubblyshyd], many ordeyned hem fire and watir. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlix^v Such Ecclesiastical lawes as,..when they be ons published, shalbe obserued. 1587 W. Allen Copie of Let. conc. Dauentrie 7 Where the warre is wholy, and plainlie vnlawful,..in that case the Prince that published the warre doth principally, and most damnably offend. 1603 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1942) I. 94 Full power..to mak prescryve and publeis actis and constitutiouns. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. lxiv. 123 Peremptory or pragmatical Laws ought..to be published to the people when they themselves desire them. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. vii, in Hist. Wks. (1813) I. 521 Meanwhile, she commanded the sentence against Mary to be published. 1784 J. White Bampton Lect. iii. 141 Augustus..had published very rigorous edicts against the whole race of Præstigiators. 1838 Times 18 Sept. 5/1 It had been judged expedient in Jamaica to publish an act passed in February last for the suppression of riots and seditious meetings. 1846 W. F. Hook Church Dict. (ed. 5) 590 Constantine the Great published an edict against the Marcionites and other heretics. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §3. 125 The Charter was published throughout the whole country. 1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 578/1 In February, 380, he and Gratian published the famous edict that all their subjects should profess the faith of the Bishops of Rome and Alexandria. 1954 W. Kolarz Peoples of Soviet Far East vi. 165 The birthday of this Tuvinian culture was June 28th, 1930, when the Government published a decree on the introduction of the Tuvinian Latin alphabet. 2002 R. Cohen By Sword i. iv. 70 His first edict against dueling appeared under his mother's regency in the year of his accession... In all, Louis XIV published ten such edicts. b. transitive. To announce or read (banns) in church before an intended marriage; (U.S. regional, chiefly north-eastern) to announce publicly the name of (a person intending marriage). Formerly also intransitive in the progressive with passive meaning. Cf. ask v. 1d. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > official announcements, permission, or records > official announcements [verb (transitive)] > proclaim (banns) > proclaim (people or their names) proclaim1530 publish1651 to call (a couple or person) home1653 cry1775 shout1895 1487–8 in Prymer (E.E.T.S.) 170 The Banys where solempnishyd & published betwixt Annes Skerne..and Peres Courteys. ?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. Fiij^v There sche taried with Bothwell, quhile the banes weir publishing. 1651 Essex Antiquarian (Mass.) VII. 45 Mr. Phillips of Rowley, having been published, writes to the General Court saying that there is no one [sc. clergyman] to marry him. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Matrimony Saying after the accustomed manner: I publish the Banns of Marriage between M of ——, and N of ——. 1678 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) V. 325 John Whipple junr., and Rebecah Scott widdoe..were published in way of Marriage by a writting fixed upon a publick place in the sayd Towne. 1724 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1900) XXXVI. 332 Mary Flint & Saml. Wainwright published Nov. 29 & married January 27. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iv. ii. 182 It is my Orders..that you publish these Banns no more. View more context for this quotation 1841 E. Bulwer-Lytton Night & Morning i. i The Banns on her side will be published with equal privacy in a church near the Tower. 1886 P. Stapleton Major's Christmas 124 Then say you will marry me, and we will be published to-day. 1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon xix. 372 I went up about 'aving the banns published. 1975 Budget (Sugarcreek, Ohio) 20 Mar. 8/3 Published today in above district were Sam, son of Joe J. Yoders and Mary, daughter of Eli H. Weavers. Their wedding to be Saturday, April 5. 1980 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society (ed. 3) ix. 191 Amish courtship is secretive, and the community at large is not informed of an intended wedding until the couple is ‘published’ in church. 2. a. transitive. To make public or generally known; to declare or report openly or publicly; to announce; (also) to propagate or disseminate (a creed or system). In later use sometimes passing into sense 3b. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] sowc888 blowc1275 dispeple1297 to do abroadc1300 fame1303 publyc1350 defamea1382 publisha1382 open?1387 proclaima1393 slandera1400 spreada1400 abroachc1400 throwc1400 to give outa1425 promote?a1425 noisec1425 publicc1430 noisec1440 divulgea1464 to put outc1475 skail1487 to come out witha1500 bruit1525 bruita1529 to bear out1530 divulgate1530 promulgate1530 propale?1530 ventilate1530 provulgate1535 sparple1536 sparse1536 promulge1539 disperse1548 publicate1548 forthtell1549 hurly-burly?1550 propagate1554 to set abroada1555 utter1561 to set forth1567 blaze1570 evulgate1570 scatter1576 rear?1577 to carry about1585 pervulgate1586 celebrate?1596 propalate1598 vent1602 evulge1611 to give forth1611 impublic1628 ventilate1637 disseminate1643 expose1644 emit1650 to put about1664 to send abroad1681 to get abroad1688 to take out1697 advertise1710 forward1713 to set abouta1715 circulate1780 broadcast1829 vent1832 vulgate1851 debit1879 float1883 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xlv. 16 It is yherd & with solempne word puplyschid [L. vulgatum] in þe halle of þe kyng. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 24731 (MED) Of þe concepcioun of our lauedi, puplist bi an angel on þe see. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 2191 Þe folk þat ascaped..puplised it fulle wide. c1450 (a1400) R. Lavynham Treat. Seven Deadly Sins (Harl. 211) (1956) 23 (MED) It is pubplyschyd to vs..be maner of prophecye þt ȝif englysch men breke þe knotte of wedlok..þat þer schal springe of hem a wickid seed. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 190 (MED) His name ne ought not to [be] hidde, but to be publisshed a-fore eny worthy man. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 436 When this murder was published, all people cryed vnto God for vengeaunce. 1588 J. Harvey Discoursiue Probl. conc. Prophesies sig. A^v The speciall prophesie..notoriously published. 1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy §2 v Rogues do not whisper it now, but seek to publish it..Aloud. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 219 At the very moment that the Sun came to the Equator, he publish'd the new year. 1729 Present State & Regulations Church of Russia ii. 46 The Bishop shall order a Proto Deacon on some Holy Day to publish to the People in the Church these..Words. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. x. 115 She now resolved to publish her resolution of going..to St. James's-square. 1828 T. De Quincey New Ess. (1966) 284 Those associates..who..publish to the world their grim Septembrizing instincts. 1851 F. G. Hibbard Christian Baptism i. 234 It is evident that our Lord intended to authorize the apostles, not only to publish the gospel and to baptize, but also to plant churches, [etc.]. 1896 ‘M. Field’ Attila iv. 106 Do not publish Your shame, for your own sake. 1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria ix. 273 For the Queen, far from making a secret of her affectionate friendship, took care to publish it to the world. 1989 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) (Nexis) 26 Jan. 3 The idea, they say, is not to forcibly convert people, but to ‘publish’ the word of God so as many people as possible can hear it. 1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania xviii. 495 He perseveres in publishing to the world the fact that the French have been continually detonating nuclear devices. b. transitive. Law. to publish one's will: to execute a will before witnesses. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > make a will [verb (intransitive)] > publish one's will to publish one's will1480 1480 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 59 Neuer wyllyng myne seyd mynde, wyll, and intent, so be me published, notified, and declared vpon the seyd ffeoffament, in any maner of wyse to be changyd. 1616 Will of William Shakespeare (P.R.O.: PROB. 1/4) (Electronic ed.) And doe Revoke All former wills & publishe this to be my last will & testamt. 1649 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 200 I doe publish and declare this to be my last will and testament. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. lxxxvi. 297 I Clarissa Harlowe,..do..make and publish this my Last Will and Testament, in manner and form following. 1852 D. W. Beadle Amer. Lawyer & Business-man's Form Bk. 121 Being of sound mind at the time of making and publishing this my last will and testament, I give and devise all my estate, [etc.]. 1929 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. & Amer. Law Reg. 77 362 No order of court can require the deceased to emerge from his tomb and execute the will he contracted to publish and declare as his last will and testament. 1990 R. Maxwell Will in Financial Times (Nexis) (1992) 19 June 9 I, Robert Maxwell, residing at Headington Hill Hall, Oxford, England, do hereby make, publish and declare this codicil to my last will and testament. c. transitive. Law. To communicate (a defamatory report, etc.) to a person or persons other than the one defamed; esp. in to publish a libel. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)] > publish a libel publish1600 1600 F. Hastings (title) An apologie or defence of the watch-word, against the virulent and seditious ward-word published by an English-Spaniard, lurking vnder the title of N.D. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Rr4^v A criminous report of any man cast abroad, or otherwise vnlawfully published in writing. 1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III 75 Finding it as well guerdonable, as gratefull, to publish their Libels. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. viii. 126 The defendent, on an indictment for publishing a libel, is not allowed to allege the truth of it by way of justification. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xvi. 577 A deacon of that city had published a libel against the emperor. 1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. II. 207 The Recreant, in silence, was composing the Libel, which his cowardice dared not publish. 1908 Catholic Encycl. III. 622/2 As a consequence of this, libels were published in the city against Charles. 1992 S. Johnstone et al. Legal Context of Teaching (BNC) 102 The teacher who uses this aid will have to be particularly careful to keep it secret and so not publish any libel to anyone at all. 3. a. transitive. To prepare and issue copies of (a book, newspaper, piece of music, etc.) for distribution or sale to the public. Also: to prepare and issue the work of (an author).Occasionally intransitive in the progressive with passive meaning. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > by means of a book, journal, etc. > issue for sale (books, records, etc.) publisha1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Chron. Prol. l. 15 Þe mene prouyncis betwen þese redyn palestynes bookis, þe whiche..eusebe & pamphilie pupplescheden [L. vulgaverunt]. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 147 To þis Marchus, Athanasius..wrete for seventy chapitres, þat were i-publesched [v.rr. puplisched, publesed; ?a1475 anon. tr. made commune; L. promulgatis] in þe Synod Nicena. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 7 (MED) He wolde not þat eny of his bokis schulde be publischid bifore his deeþ. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i. Pref., in Wks. 106/1 I am now driuen..to this thirde busynes of publishynge and puttynge my boke in printe my selfe. 1556 Charter Stationers Co. in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 225 Several seditious and heretical books,..are daily published, stamped and printed by divers..persons. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 10 He could no sooner write any thing, but presently it was caught from him, and published, and he could not haue leaue to mend it. 1631 in tr. J. Ghesel Rule of Health (title page) Setforth by Iohn Ghesel, Physitian, borne in Helvetia; written first by him in high Dutch..and now published in English. 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iv. 56 Isabella, who was his wife, publish'd a book of all the sorts of Points, Laces, and Embroderies. 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 352 'Tis full of Sands, making two Channels to Lyn, and as many to Boston, a Chart whereof is now Publishing. 1715 J. Addison Spectator No. 567. ¶8 In order to outshine all this modern Race of Syncopists,..I intend shortly to publish a Spectator that shall not have a single Vowel in it. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. i. i. 3 But I pass by these and many others, to mention two Books lately published . View more context for this quotation 1745 Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 188 A Work which is now publishing under the Title of The Microscopical Theater of Seeds, &c. 1808 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) III. 133 I publish my Greek Accidence, Vocabulary of Greek Terminations..and philosophical Greek Grammar in Spring. 1825 E. Darwin Let. 10 Jan. in C. Darwin Corr. (1985) I. 11 There is a very beautiful work now publishing which you would like. Griffiths Animal Kingdom in Quarterly parts. a1850 W. Wordsworth Excursion (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1857) VI. (Notes dictated to Miss Fenwick) 3 He published a poem on war, which had a good deal of merit. 1937 J. Squire Honeysuckle & Bee 203 Lane..seemed to publish almost all the exciting new authors. 1952 E. Sackville-West & D. Shawe-Taylor Record Year 213 It looks like a re-issue of the recording published by Decca during the war and since deleted. 1971 Black Scholar Dec. 23/2 Dr. Ladner is frequently published in professional journals. 1996 Independent 3 Jan. 12/3 An article which is sent electronically to the archive is thereby published, and the author is entitled to the benefit of copyright in the same way. 2004 T. Conran in Japan Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. I've just done a book which is now publishing, and in it, many of the designers say, ‘Oh, no, we are not interested in nationality.’ b. transitive. To make generally accessible or available for acceptance or use (a work of art, information, etc.); to present to or before the public; spec. to make public (news, research findings, etc.) through the medium of print or the internet. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)] to put forth1482 to put out1529 to set forth1535 promulge1539 to set abroada1555 present1559 to set out1559 utter1561 divulge1566 publish1573 print?1594 emit1650 edition1715 edit1727 to give to the world1757 to get out1786 to send forth1849 to bring out1878 run1879 release1896 pub1932 society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > by means of a book, journal, etc. publish1573 society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > make publicly available publish1573 1573 G. Gascoigne Disc. Aduentures Master F. I. in Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 218 A peece of Cockloreus musicke,..such as I might be ashamed to publish in this company. 1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. D3i Of al sorts of foule I haue the names in the countrie language..and after wee are better furnished..vpon further discouery, with their strange beastes, fishe, trees, plants, and hearbes, they shall bee also published. 1605 J. Rosier True Relation Voy. G. Waymouth sig. E^v I refer to his owne relation in the Map of his Geographicall description, which for the benefit of others he intendeth most exactly to publish. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 186 The old Artificers..would not have their workes smoothered up in some private corners, so were they very careful in publishing them. 1710 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 253. ⁋13 The Sequel of the Proceedings of this Day will be published on Tuesday next. 1763 P. Collinson Let. 23 Feb. in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 586 If the small Alagator caught at Pittsburgh has a remarkable flatt proboscis—then it is the animal I published in the Magazine. 1824 in Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 6 207/1 [A small bust of the Duke of York... On the back are engraved the words] ‘Published by T. Hamlet, Aug. 16, 1824’. 1842 W. R. Grove Correl. Physical Forces 30 The celebrated Leonard Euler had published a somewhat similar theory. 1931 Oxf. Mag. 18 June 888/2 H. R. Hall publishes an Egyptian axe in the British Museum. 1993 Computer Weekly 24 June 27/3 To keep this pressure up and create a clean turf war, IBM UK will publish ground rules for internal competition. c. intransitive. Of an author: to cause to have a book, paper, etc., published; to appear in print. ΚΠ 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 10 A certain Honourable Gentleman..is..Endeavouring to make a Monopoly of this Voyage, and to that end designs to publish by Authority. 1798 J. Ferriar Certain Var. Man 223 Every man thinks himself entitled to observe and to publish. 1812 J. Jebb Corr. (1834) II. 116 He recommended me to publish. England I have looked to as the proper sphere in which to bring my youngling out. 1931 Frontier (Missoula, Montana) Nov. 82/1 Even should he fail to publish in the big magazines, and never graduate from the ‘pulps’, he can rise to as much as ten cents a word. 2002 A. N. Wilson Victorians viii. 96 We must presume that the chief reason he chose to publish anonymously was fear of the religious backlash against his book. d. intransitive. Of a work, serial, or periodical (occasionally an author): to undergo the process of publication, to be published. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > be published [verb (intransitive)] to come forthlOE to come out1529 to see the light1535 appear1711 run1831 publish1928 1849 Times 13 Aug. 10/2 (advt.) Amusement while travelling—Publishing monthly, one shilling each, the Railway Library. 1918 C. S. Lewis Let. 27 Oct. (1966) 45 He [sc. Heinemann] told me that John Galsworthy (who publishes with them) had seen my MS. 1928 Public Opinion 6 Apr. 325/1 The newspapers do not publish on Good Friday. 1972 Evening Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) 24 June 1/1 The Evening Telegram will publish Monday, June 26 which is being observed as Discovery Day in Newfoundland. e. intransitive. to publish or perish: to publish scholarly work in order to avoid a loss of academic status, respect, or position. Also in imperative, used attributively. ΚΠ 1934 Geogr. Rev. 24 180 To Professor Davies is due the organization of the Association of American Geographers in 1904... He immediately urged that the Association ‘publish or perish’. 1942 L. Wilson Acad. Man xi. 197 Situational imperatives dictate a ‘publish or perish’ credo within the ranks. 1975 J. D. Bowen in S. Ohannessian et al. Lang. Surv. Developing Nations iii. 19 Why should a new, small, struggling country devote the time and energy of its officials to the publish-or-perish enterprise of Western academia? 2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 2 Jan. (Central ed.) b1/1 Those who scorn the ‘publish or perish’ principle are the most eager to see their own manuscripts published quickly. †4. a. transitive. To declare (a person) publicly to be a particular thing, to brand as; (also, without complement) to expose so as to discredit or disgrace. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] edwitec825 witec893 accuseOE bespeaka1000 forwrayOE atwiteOE blamea1300 impugn1377 publishc1384 defamea1387 appeach1430 becryc1440 surmisea1485 arguea1522 infame1531 insimulate1532 note1542 tax1548 resperse1551 finger-point1563 chesoun1568 touch1570 disclaim1590 impeach1590 intent1613 question1620 accriminate1641 charge1785 cheek1877 society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] kithec725 i-bedea800 abedeeOE bid971 deemOE bodea1000 tellOE clepec1275 to tell outa1382 denouncec1384 publishc1384 descryc1390 pronouncec1390 proclaima1393 sound1412 proclaim?a1425 renouncea1425 announcec1429 preconize?1440 announce1483 reclaim?1503 call1523 to speak forth1526 annunciate1533 protest1533 to breathe out1535 denouncec1540 enact1611 deblazon1621 deblaze1640 advise1647 apostolize1652 indigitatea1670 enounce1807 voice1850 norate1851 enunciate1864 post1961 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > multiply or reproduce [verb (reflexive)] publishc1384 propagate1535 propage1695 society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > announce or proclaim [verb (transitive)] > announce or proclaim a person as claimc1330 publishc1384 proclaima1393 acclaim1634 acclaim1634 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Matt. i. 19 Joseph forsothe, hir husbond, when he..wolde not pupliche [a1425 L.V. puplische; L. traducere] hir..wolde priuyly forsake hire. ?a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Harl. 3943) (1883) v. 1095 Hir name allas publisshed [v.r. punysshed] is so wide That for hir gilt it ought I-nough suffise. 1470 Rolls of Parl. VI. 233/2 They have deserved to be puplysshed as fals Traytours. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. i. iv. 7 Our Sauiour..is published by performance of the othe, Christ and Priest. 1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes iii. 39 Whosoeuer was knowne to haue offered this sort of Iniurie..were published and proclaimeed as persons Infamous. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) ii. i. 100 How will this grieue you,..that You thus haue publish'd me? View more context for this quotation 1676 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 124 Mr. Oldenburgh hath published him as a considerable author. 1733 A. Pope 1st Satire 2nd Bk. Horace Imitated ii. i. 11 In this impartial Glass, my Muse intends..to..Publish the present Age. 1842 Times 4 July 6/4 On account of this circumstance the defendants had thought proper to publish him a defaulter. 1871 Scribner's Monthly June 188 When an individual sinner is to be dealt with, it is no way to bring him to repentance to publish him and his crime in face of the congregation. b. transitive (reflexive). To make oneself or itself known or apparent; to declare oneself publicly to be. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known one's opinions, etc. [verb (reflexive)] declare1526 publish1598 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 3/2 All..badde..accidents..publishe themselves [Du. haer..openbaren; Fr. s'esueillent] at the full Moone, more then at other times. 1599 R. Parsons Temperate Ward-word 73 These men dissemble least, but rather do publish themselues, euen to the face and vewe of the magistrate. 1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 90 But pray you sir, tell me, will you publish your selfe a ninnie to all the world! 1729 F. Drake Speech Worshipful Soc. Free Masons 33 Others, as Victualers, with a View of having great Resort to their Houses.., publish themselves to be of the Society. ?1800 J. Birch Cherubical Reason 125 Also they publish themselves Ministers of the Gospel, which is preaching, prophecying, and swearing falsely in the name of Jesus. 1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) iv. 127 Human character does evermore publish itself. The most fugitive deed and word..expresses character. 1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xxii. 270 A superstitious despair possessed the heart of every monk and published itself in his ghastly face. 1918 ‘B. MacNamara’ Valley of Squinting Windows 92 But who was there to see him or know since he did not choose to publish himself in Garradrimna? †5. a. transitive and intransitive. To bring (a matter) to public notice. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)] > publicize or bring to public notice shovec1385 publish1529 posta1640 publicize1832 eclat1835 promo1960 flack1975 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii. iv. f. lxxiii/2 Yt were peraduenture a thyng not conuenyent, after those wytnesses publysshed, to brynge proues a fresshe vppon the pryncypall mater. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 143 Goods found shall be published by the finder to the neighbourhood. 1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man xiv. §11. 287 While cursed Cham publisht and disclosed the nakedness of their father. 1709–10 R. Steele Tatler No. 142. ⁋7 [A diamond box] to be published on Monday which will cost Fourscore Guinea's. b. transitive. To expose or display to public view. Cf. published adj. 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > expose to public view [verb (transitive)] > display in public sport1684 publish1839 1839 [implied in: P. J. Bailey Festus 120 The published bosom and the crowning smile—The cup excessive. (at published adj. 2)]. 1841 Punch 20 Nov. 225/1 Having arrived at the Hall, put your rings and chains in your pocket, and, if practicable, publish a pair of spectacles. 1885 W. W. Story Poems, Eng. Husb. to It. Wife vii I cannot, like Sarto, publish your face In every Madonna, Sibyl, and Saint. †6. transitive. To make public property; to confiscate (goods). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (transitive)] > confiscate or sequestrate to state forfeitc1384 cheatc1440 confisk1474 sequestera1513 confiscatea1533 publish1533 sequestrate1640 inbring1752 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. iii. x. 287 Than was ane law made þat mont aventyne sall be publist and dividit amang þe pepill. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xix. 27 Baith þe gudis of appius claudius and Spu. Oppius war confiscate and publist be þe tribunis. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclvij His goodes also ought by the ciuile Magistrate to be published. †II. Other senses. 7. transitive. To populate (a country, etc.); (reflexive) to reproduce, multiply, breed. Cf. peoplish v. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > furnishing with inhabitants > [verb (transitive)] set971 publish?a1400 inhabitc1400 seedc1400 man?a1425 peoplea1475 peoplish1530 repletec1540 empeople1582 popule1588 world1589 appopulate1625 populate1885 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 6386 He wild to Britayn send after men..forto puplise [a1450 Lamb. multeplie] þe lond & tile. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. xi. 139 How greet is the diligence of nature, for alle thinges renovelen and publysschen [v.r. pupllisen; L. propagentur] hem with seed ymultiplied. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxviii. 301 (MED) He scholde go Into a fer strange londe tho Forto pubplysche [Fr. peupler] that Contre. 1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 193 This temple [of Peace] in authoritie was most auncient,..with priests most published, and in deuotion most esteemed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.a1325
随便看	roddable rodded rodden rodden fluke rodden tree rodder roddikin roddin rodding rodding structure roddon roddy rode rode out roded rodent rodent cancer rodent controller rodent officer rodent operative rodent operator rodent run rodent ulcer rodent-carried rodent-infested