| 释义 |
publicann.1 Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French publican; Latin pūblicānus. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pupplican, Anglo-Norman and Old French publican, Old French, Middle French publicain (French publicain ) tax-gatherer (end of the 12th cent. in Old French) and its etymon classical Latin pūblicānus contractor for the collection of taxes and dues, tax-gatherer ( < pūblicum the public revenue, use as noun of neuter of pūblicus public adj. + -ānus -an suffix). The α. forms ultimately show the influence of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French pople , etc. people n. In sense 2 with allusion to Matthew 18:17: sit tibi sicut ethnicus et publicanus ‘he (sc. your brother who has sinned against you) shall be to you like a heathen and publican’; compare also Publican n.2, and see discussion at that entry. In sense 3 (apparently originally humorously) after either public house n. or public n. Compare Old Occitan puplican (11th cent.; also publican ), Catalan publicà (late 13th cent. or earlier, earliest in sense ‘sinner’: compare sense 2), Spanish publicano (c1200), Portuguese publicano (14th cent.), Italian pubblicano (first half of the 13th cent.), and also Middle Dutch publicaen, pupplicaen, puppilicaen (Dutch publikaan, †publicaan), Middle Low German pūblicān, Middle High German publicān, publicāne (early modern German publican). 1. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector society > faith > sect > Christianity > major early Christian sects > Manichaeism > [noun] > person > Paulician α. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 9295 Puplicaness comenn þær. Att himm to wurrþenn fullhtnedd. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 243 Schrift ach to beon edmod. as þe pupplicanes wes. naut as þe phariseus. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. v. 46 Ȝif ȝe louen hem that louen ȝou, what meed shul ȝee haue? whether and puplicans don nat this thing? a1425 J. Wyclif (1869) I. 397 (MED) Whi etiþ your Maistir wiþ puplicans and sinful men? a1450 (1885) 214 (MED) Of puplicans..prince am I. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Matt. in sig. Ciii Matthew whiche was other wyse also called Leui, beyng of a Puplican made an Apostle. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > [noun] > exacting or collecting > collector of impost, due, or tax society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > [noun] > collector of duty on goods a1563 J. Bale Brefe Comedy Iohan Baptystes in (1744) I. 105 A publicane I am, and moch do lyve by pollage. 1596 E. Coote sig. N1v Publican: towle gatherer. 1644 J. Milton 17 Nothing writt'n but what passes through the custom-house of certain Publicans that have the tunaging and the poundaging of all free spok'n truth. 1650 Bp. J. Taylor ii. v. §4. 122 We are not angry with Searchers and Publicans..; but when they break open trunks, and pierce vessels. 1702 A. Brown ii. 118 When the Publicans, Gabellers and tollmen of a Nation or Community, prosper best, and become Rich. 1855 T. B. Macaulay III. xi. 37 Outrages and exactions such as have, in every age, made the name of publican a proverb for all that is most hateful. 1893 25 Apr. 2/1 Next to Drink, the greatest Publicans of the British Exchequer are Death and Gambling on the Stock Exchange. 1941 21 409 In collecting these the publican came into as close contact with them as did the canon, and had the opportunity for extortion of which he was to be deprived. society > faith > worship > excommunication > [noun] > one who is under a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) 11649 (MED) A publycan ys, yn oure sawe, A synful man, oute of þe lawe. c1480 (a1400) St. Matthew 12 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 190 Quha in hopyne syne is tane, þe ewangell callis ‘publicane’. a1651 D. Calderwood (1843) II. 81 We, not one or two, but the whole church, must hold him as a publicane; that is, as one cutt off frome the bodie of Christ. 1685 W. Stanley 47 One that comes by Simony into the Popedom, is by their own Canon Law..to be looked on as a Magician, Heathen, Publican, and Arch-Heretick. ?1761 ‘B. Montfichet’ II. 57 If Doctor Rantum..did not chuse to prove himself a proper christian, the quality of heathen or publican must of consequence fit full as easy upon him as that of a christian. 1890 31 463/1 You must learn to swallow the master [sc. Wagner] whole or be a ‘heathen man or a publican’. 1958 10 457 When he came to..inquire whether excommunicated persons were allowed to attend church services, he was told..that they were because there are Biblical examples of the heathen and the publican being allowed to do so. the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > inn or tavern keeping > innkeeper 1728 N. Bailey Publican,..also a Keeper of a publick House, a Victualler or Alehouse-keeper. 1744 T. Salmon (new ed.) I. 416 It seems now to be the Business of most Publicans to propagate Vice and Disorder. 1797 22 Aug. 1/3 (advt.) To publicans, bakers, butchers..and all others in the habit of taking much Silver. 1817 W. Selwyn (ed. 4) II. 1033 An action by a publican, for beer sold. 1858 R. Rowe 94 The indignation of a colonial publican when I refuse to drink colonial ale. 1890 63 691/2 A publican runs a greater risk of being cheated with false money than other tradesmen. 1948 B. M. Brown vi. 49 It is the publican's skill which produces the bright glass of beer. 1975 G. Seymour iii. 49 The publican pushed the washing-up cloth..across the wooden bar. 2003 18 May (Mag.) 52/2 For years, bag-in-box [wine] has been a fallback purchase for lazy publicans, who can't be bothered to pull corks. Compounds General attributive. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 13292 (MED) O puplicane [a1400 Trin. Cambr. publicanes] lede was he, And als a man o gret pouste. 1876 27 Dec. 8/5 No exception can be made in favour of a single publican-ridden village. 1904 23 Nov. 10/4 At this moment we are a publican-ridden nation. a1652 J. Smith (1660) viii. ii. 353 No Extortioner, nor unjust, nor guilty of any Publican-sins. 1681 J. Kettlewell v. ii. 614 When he comes to repent of his Publican sins, at Christs calling of him:..he makes his penitential profession. 1654 E. Burrough in F. Howgill 17 The publican state is witnessed by us who have passed through the figure and parable into the life and substance. 1685 J. Bunyan 12 Love..did cover with silence this his Publicane state. 1879 10 July 5/6 It had been the plaintiff's custom to honour cheques presented by the defendants drawn in the defendants' favour by their numerous publican tenants. 1998 (Nexis) 2 July 4 The client portfolios..include over 1100 public houses across the UK. It will be offering a full financial planning service to many of the publican tenants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Publicann.2 Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French popelican, publican; Latin popelicanus, publicanus. Etymology: < Old French popelican, popeliquant, publican (usually dualist) heretic (c1150; compare Anglo-Norman publicant in same sense (13th cent. or earlier); French publicain (now historical), †poplicain ) and its etymon post-classical Latin popelicanus, populicanus, poplicanus, publicanus Paulician (1098 in a letter of Stephen of Blois and frequent in early 12th-cent. accounts of the First Crusade, sometimes used as ethnonym rather than in doctrinal context), Cathar or Albigensian (1162 in a letter of Louis VII of France), probably < Byzantine Greek Παυλικιανός Paulician n. (in Byzantine Greek, -αυ- was pronounced /av/, leading to the -b- (and hence -p- ) of the Latin forms), apparently with complete or partial assimilation to classical Latin pūblicānus publican n.1 (compare publican n.1 2 as a more general term of opprobrium for any person regarded as a heretic). The forms in popel- , popul- are perhaps influenced by Old French pople or classical Latin populus , post-classical Latin popelus people n. Compare Old Occitan publican, populican in uncertain sense, probably ‘heretic’ (13th cent.; also (Languedoc) puplican). The use in quot. c1470 at sense 1 reflects the frequent appearance of post-classical Latin publicanus in lists of people who opposed the Crusaders. With the form Poplician compare -ian suffix. Church History. c1470 tr. (Cleveland) (1977) 47 (MED) Eue and hir childre wexid, multiplied, & maried togidirs..And of hem be descendid the payenyms and the Sarazins and the publicans and othire euyl linagis that ben out of the Cristen feith. 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1893) xli. 80 Nygh by [the city of Kastoria (Castore) in Macedonia] was a castel right strong, wherin alle the popeliquans [Fr. popeliquans; L. heretici] of the lande were withdrawen. 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1893) lii. 94 And there [at the Council of Nicaea] was disputed ayenst this popelican [sc. the heretic Arrius]. 1573 J. Stow (1592) 213 There came into England 30. Germanes,..who called themselues Publicans... They denyed matrimony, and the sacraments of baptisme, and the Lords supper, with other articles. 1728 E. Chambers at Albigenses They were also known by various other Names; as the Petrobrussians, Arnoldists, Cathares, Patarins, Publicans,..Passagers, &c. 1855 H. H. Milman IV. ix. viii. 180 The Archbishops of Lyons and Narbonne..sate in solemn judgment on some, it should seem, poor and ignorant men, called Publicans. 1882 Jan. 46 A novel sect of heretics named Paulicians (otherwise called Publicans or Waldenses). 1991 A. P. Evans Introd. 39 In 1162 a group of townsmen of Flanders were prosecuted as Manichaeans or Publicans by the archbishop of Rheims. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † publicanv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: publican n.1 Etymology: < publican n.1 Obsolete. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)] 1648 C. Walker i. 2 To Pharisee themselves, and Publican all the world besides. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < |
