| 释义 |
provincialadj.n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French provincial; Latin prōvinciālis. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman provinciall, provinçal, provyncial, Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French provincial (adjective) relating to an ecclesiastical province (1240 in Old French in menistre provincial , 1283 in prieus provinchial (with reference to a religious order)), relating to a secular province (15th cent.), relating to the provinces as opposed to Paris (1624 in the passage translated in quot. 1638 at sense A. 5a; frequently with pejorative connotations), (noun) the head of a province in a religious order (c1290), governor of a province (1509 with reference to Italy), a person from the provinces as opposed to Paris (1640) and its etymon classical Latin prōvinciālis (adjective) of or concerned with the administration of a province, of or belonging to a province, occurring or existing in a province, characteristic of provincials, (noun) inhabitant of a province, in post-classical Latin also (adjective) of or relating to an ecclesiastical province (from 8th cent. in British sources, from 9th cent. in continental sources), of a county (c1185, a1230 in British sources), (noun) inhabitant of an ecclesiastical province (7th cent.), bishop of an ecclesiastical province (7th cent.; compare provincialis episcopus (5th cent., rendering Byzantine Greek χωρεπίσκοπος chorepiscope n.)), official of an order of friars (from 1441 in British sources), Provençal language (1267 in a British source as Provinciale ) < prōvincia province n. + -ālis -al suffix1. Compare Old Occitan proensal, adjective (late 13th cent.), provincial, adjective (late 13th cent.), noun (1455; Occitan provincial, adjective and noun), Catalan provincial, adjective (1287), noun (late 14th cent.), Spanish provincial, noun (1322), adjective (a1338), Portuguese provincial, adjective and noun (14th cent.), Italian provinciale, adjective (a1342), noun (a1380).With sense A. 3 compare slightly later Provençal adj. With sense A. 3b compare earlier province rose at province n. 5 and slightly later Provence rose n. at Provence n. Compounds. With sense B. 1a compare Middle Low German provinciāl , Middle High German provinciāl (German Provinzial ). With sense B. 7 compare Italian provinciale provincial governor (1583 in the passage translated in quot. 1590). A. adj.society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > metropolitan > [adjective] > see c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 56 Whiles fortune is þi frende, Freres wil þe louye..and for þe biseke, To her priour prouyncial a pardoun forto haue. ?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew (1880) 40 Þe mynystris prouyncials, to whom only..be grauntid leue to resceyue freris. c1456 R. Pecock (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 299 (MED) So dide another greet general counceil aftir at Constantynopil, and manye othere provincial counceilis..rehercen the ii now seid credis. 1520 iv. f. 33/1 Yf the cause were shewed in the prouyncyall counsel of bysshops. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. lxxv It was necessarye to haue a lawfull counsell, eyther prouinciall, or generall. 1581 in T. Thomson (1840) II. 499 Provinciall Assembleis we call lauchfull conventionis of the Pastouris, Doctouris, and Elderis of the prouince. 1649 J. Milton xiii. 133 Not Presbytery but Arch-Presbytery, Classical, Provincial, and Diocesan Presbytery. 1681 R. Baxter vi. 95 I was a Member of the Provincial Church of Canterbury. 1726 J. Ayliffe p. xxxvii A Law made in a Provincial Synod is properly term'd a Provincial Constitution. 1763 R. Burn I. 1778 All the provincial bishops, with respect to the archbishop, are sometimes called his suffragans. 1851 R. Hussey i. 4 He had good reason to appeal from a provincial judgment of his case. 1870 33 89 Above the presbytery there is the provincial synod, which meets half-yearly. 1930 17 Dec. 4/4 The object of the motion was to pray the aid of the Provincial authority, that was, the Archbishop of Canterbury. 1994 17 Feb. 8/3 Two new suffragan sees created for the flying bishops, whose official titles will be ‘provincial episcopal visitors’. 2. society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [adjective] > relating to large division society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [adjective] > relating to division in Canada tr. Palladius (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 309 (MED) A dight vine in prouyntial manere [L. provinciali more]..lyke a busshe vpstont. a1529 J. Skelton (?1545) sig. A.viv Whan ye gyue orders In your prouinciall borders. 1594 O. B. 15 I am a poore wretched vnderling, and no prouinciall man, neither warden of my company. 1633 T. Stafford i. ii. 20 By the perswasion of the Provinciall rebells..hee was sollicited to enter into Rebellion. 1647 N. Bacon 6 In this Provinciall way of government of Britaine under the Roman Lieutenants. 1690 W. Temple Ess. Poetry 36 in The common People used that [sc. Latin language] still, but vitiated with the base allay of their Provincial Speech. 1747 T. Carte I. 105 His conduct in the administration of Africa, and other provinces that he governed, showing, that none understood provincial government better. 1796 E. Burke (1844) IV. 363 I believe that place has more of the stuff of a good provincial capital, than any town in England. 1804 45 35/2 At the head of these four provincial Kings [of Ulster, Leinster, Munster, and Connaught] was placed a supreme Monarch. 1867 J. H. Parker (ed. 3) vii. 248 The round towers, or campaniles, of Ravenna seem to constitute a provincial type. 1878 24 Jan. 1/4 Two whiskey informers..were under the protection of the Provincial Police. 1930 L. G. D. Acland iv. 64 Henry Tancred..was a keen politician and..head of the Provincial Executive Government. 1965 10 Mar. 1/6 Provincial police said the single-engined plane..struck the lines with its undercarriage. 1995 29 June a8 Chevrette proposes..to increase the percentage of grants in lieu of municipal taxes that Quebec pays cities and towns for provincial buildings such as schools, offices and hospitals. society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [adjective] > relating to former British colonies 1676 216 The original Seat, and Principal City of this Province [sc. Maryland] where the Provincial Courts..and other publick offices are held..is St. Maries. 1688 in (1852) I. 228 At a Meeting of the Deputy Governor and Provinciall Councill. 1732 B. Franklin 22 Provincial Courts in Maryland. 1760 Hist. in 59/2 The whole regular, and no small part of the provincial force, which remained in Canada. 1776 in (1901) 2nd Ser. I. 55 Elected..to represent the County of Bergen in Provincial Congress, to be held at Trenton. 1849 J. E. Alexander I. 35 In Canada, in 1814, it was found necessary to intermingle the newly arrived regulars with the Glengarry light infantry, a provincial corps. 1882 E. A. Freeman ii. iv. 320 The word provincial was, with a near approach to accuracy, often applied to your Thirteen Colonies, while they were still dependencies of Great Britain. 1963 W. L. Morton 201 A considerable number of them [sc. American immigrants], being Quakers and Mennonites, were pacifists, and had been granted exemption from military service by provincial law. 1999 104 471 A few wrote important works of colonial history, the focus of which was not restricted to any single colony but ranged extensively throughout the provincial world. †3. the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > France or Frankish land > [adjective] > other parts of France 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione sig. C.i This..is to be euidently seene in Boccaccio, in whom there are so manie woordes French, Spanish, and prouincial [It. Prouenzali]. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [adjective] > of or relating to roses > of types of rose 1604 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 264 Would not this sir & a forrest of feathers,..with prouinciall Roses on my raz'd shooes, get me a fellowship in a cry of players? View more context for this quotation 1633 J. Ford i. ii. sig. B3v I my self..haue wrought To crowne thy Temples, this provinciall garland. society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [adjective] > relating to large division > having relation of province to sovereign state 1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in 243 He being a Prince of a Prouinciall iurisdiction. 1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in (rev. ed.) 363 As of the aforesaid Countrie called Angel or Angulus, now prouinciall to Denmarke. 1649 J. Bulwer Ep. Ded. sig. A2 The Argument of it [sc. this Book] is Provinciall to Physick. 1685 J. Dryden Pref. sig. (a)2v The other Parts of it..are still as much provincial to Italy, as..in the time of the Roman Empire. 1708 (1737) i. i. i. 2 The whole Provincial Britain..was..divided into Britannia Prima, Britannia Secunda, and Maxima Cæsariensis. 1775 II. 288 It was very usual for the eastern nations, after they were made provincial to Rome, to put on Roman names. 5. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [adjective] > the provinces 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac II. 190 Send me some newes, whereof, you know provincicall [sic] spirits [Fr. esprits provinciaux] are extremely greedy. 1659 (title) An answer to the Provinciall Letters [of B. Pascal] published by the Jansenists, under the name of Lewis Montalt. 1684 J. Dryden Prol. Opening of New House in 287 That like th' Ambitious Monarchs of the Age, They give the Law to our Provincial Stage. 1761 F. Sheridan I. 387 I had no objection to any other large provincial town. 1787 F. Grose Pref. 3 Provincial or local words are of three kinds, the first, either Saxon or Danish, in general grown obsolete from disuse. 1809 S. T. Coleridge 9 Nov. 189 An article in a provincial Paper of a recent date. a1832 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. in (1845) II. 658/1 Whether there may not be something in the Provincial Letters of that very spirit which they are attacking. 1855 T. B. Macaulay IV. xviii. 142 Merchants resident at Bristol and other provincial seaports. 1880 A. C. Swinburne 113 His [sc. Shakspeare's] patriotism was too national to be provincial. 1915 A. Bennett 27 Dec. (1966) 234 I am quite willing to let Miss Keane have the provincial rights on a royalty to be agreed. 1952 W. Granville 145 Provincial theatre, the stage outside London. 1976 27 Dec. 12/5 The kind of fast, forward-directed football that usually lands an early killer blow to any provincial side who visit Parkhead with gainful thoughts in their hearts. 2006 (Nexis) 2 May 8 [The hangman] received an extra guinea for each hanging and half a crown for each flogging he administered, as well as commanding much higher fees for travelling to provincial cities. 1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville i. v. 51 I could have made you, now, a particular neat provincial boot; but with this pattern it's exceedingly difficult to attain the correct appearance for the flying countries. 1899 1 Dec. 4/2 Good sport has not been confined to the shires... Provincial packs have enjoyed their full share. society > education > place of education > college or university > [adjective] > university > types of university 1875 13 Jan. 5/5 The transformation of Owen College into a Polytechnic School, shows what is likely to be the fate of any attempt to found provincial Universities in this country. 1914 C. Mackenzie II. iii. ix. 688 It was still natural to regard Cambridge as a provincial university, and to take pleasure in shocking the earnest young Cambridge man with the metropolitan humours and airy self-assurance of Oxford. 1966 C. M. Bowra xiii. 320 In the United States the academic profession had ties all over the country and was not divided as in England into Oxford and Cambridge on the one side and ‘provincial’ universities on the other. 2000 (Nexis) 6 June 2 I was turned down by both Oxford and Cambridge. I went to a provincial university, which gave me at least as good an education. the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > provincial the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > narrow-mindedness > insularity, provincialism > [adjective] 1709 J. Swift 40 A Country Squire..having the Provincial Accent upon his Tongue, which is neither a Fault, nor in his Power to remedy.] 1755 S. Johnson Provincial,..rude; unpolished. 1767 W. Harte 185 His mien was aukward; graces he had none; Provincial were his notions and his tone. 1817 T. Chalmers vi. 194 Christianity is not so paltry and provincial a system as Infidelity presumes it to be. 1863 A. Trollope I. vi. 118 Mrs. Rowan perceived at once that Mrs. Tappitt was provincial,..but she was a good motherly woman. 1898 12 Oct. 6/3 Mrs. Stanton's judgments of things..are rather provincial in tone and not always in the best of taste. 1954 C. S. Lewis i. i. 68 Scotch poetry had already a considerable achievement behind it and was by no means a local or provincial department of English poetry. 1988 A. N. Wilson iii. 59 True cosmopolitans..enjoyed looking down their noses at the Muscovites, who seemed to them provincial and conservative. 1994 (Nexis) 9 Nov. f 8 Too often jokes are cobbled together using gay cliches..yielding a smug, provincial tone. B. n. 1. society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > provincial > [noun] c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. viii. 175 (MED) A pokeful of pardoun þere, ne þe prouincialis lettres, Þeiȝ þou be founde in þe fraternite among þe foure ordris, And haue indulgence doublefold, but dowel þe helpe, I ne wolde ȝiue for þi patent on pye hele. 1412 in J. Anderson (1899) 24 Frere Willyam Cokar, than beande prouincial of the Quite Freris of Scotlande. c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd (1851) p. cxxv (MED) Take we heede to..abbotes & priours, mynistris & wardeyns, & to þise prouynciales..& see hou þei folowen Crist. 1534 Lee in T. Wright (1843) 41 We receyved your lettres by the provynciall of the Augustyn ffriers. 1599 E. Sandys (1632) 69 These Generalls have under them their Provincialls as Lievtenants in every Province or State of Christendome. c1626 H. Bisset (1922) II. 2 This extract following wes fund be the provinciall of the quhyte or carmelat freiris of Abirdene..the principall provynciall of the said freiris and of Scotland for the tyme. 1681 R. Boyle Let. 7 July in (2001) V. 257 The late Letters from Paris informe us, that there is a Breve come thither from the Pope.., & that the Provincial carryed it to the Kings Attorney who acquainted the Parliament with it. 1718 No. 32. 215 A Hooker in his Country Cottage may be as upright and conscientious as his Provincial invested with his Pastoral Staff. 1756 J. Marchant 230 The Provincial of the Austin Friars went up into the Pulpit. 1839 XIII. 111/2 The general [of the Jesuits] receives monthly reports from the provincials, and quarterly ones from the superiors of professed houses. 1875 29 May 7/4 The Provincial of the order of Jesuits domiciled in Vienna received a packet containing a sealed letter. 1916 J. Joyce i. 51 If the minister did it he would go to the rector: and the rector to the provincial: and the provincial to the general of the jesuits. 1960 J. B. Dockery i. 30 Provincial, Custos, and four Definitors constitute the governing body of a Province. These six are known as the Definitorium or Definitory. 1998 73 771 The Dominican friar Peregrinus, professor of theology and provincial of the order in the province of Poland, compiled a collection of Latin sermons. society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > pimping or procuring > procurer of either sex > procuress c1640 iii. i New yeares guifts From soder'd virgins and their shee provintialls Whose warren must be licenc'd from our office. 2. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > inhabitant of a district or parish > [noun] society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > auxiliary branch > auxiliaries a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in (1887) 10 20 Barrocshire..toke the name of barre ook yn þe forest of Wyndeshore, whedir the provinciale [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. men of þat shire; L. provinciales] were wone to comyn for alle-maner treeteys holdyne be-twix hem. 1605 W. Camden i. 37 They tooke Roman names when they were Provincialls. 1617 F. Moryson ii. 274 (Rebell. Earl of Tyrone) Lord Barry with 1600 Prouincials vnder him. a1638 J. Mede (1672) 674 The Inhabitants of Arabia Petræa, which were never yet Provincials of the Turkish Empire. c1666 R. Pratt in R. T. Gunther (1928) xviii. 286 It's conceived that the example of all good Architecture was originally taken from the Temple of Solomon, and from the Jews communicated to the Grecians, from thence to the Romans, and from them to their Provincials. 1747 T. Carte I. ii. 167 Turning a deaf ear to all the complaints made by the provincials against the measures of his chief officers. 1772 J. W. Huddlestone I. iii. 476 Four thousand pardons were taken out by the provincials of Munster for a number of Irish chieftains and their followers. 1781 E. Gibbon (1869) I. xxii. 615 The grateful provincials enjoyed the blessings of his reign. 1808 Z. M. Pike (1810) iii. 268 To be sent to America..to discipline and organize the Spanish provincials. 1853 11 July 5/5 The Romans introduced laws and languages among their provincials. 1907 G. John xi. 245 Mr. Peng was..like most of his fellow provincials bitterly anti-foreign. 1998 53 311 To fulfill their obligation to the government, Bizen provincials ‘always bought it [sc. iron] in a neighboring province’. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > colonist or settler > [noun] > other specific colonists or settlers 1756 in S. M. Hamilton I. 205 Nor will I ever Serve in the provincialls below the Rank I bear. 1759 Hist. in 33/2 The French..collected all the regular troops and provincials, which they could draw from all their posts about the lakes. 1775 M. Cutler Jrnl. 8 May in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler (1888) I. 49 We obtained an exact account of the number of the Provincials that were killed and wounded in the battle [of Lexington] of the 19th ultimo. 1852 G. Bancroft I. xiii. 342 On the banks of Lake George nine thousand and twenty-four provincials, from New England, New York, and New Jersey, assembled. 1883 Oct. 738/2 The raw provincials faced the British army for two hours. 1934 39 319 British regulars, provincials, and rangers are so indiscriminately lumped together that the careless reader might easily conclude that Wolfe took Quebec with American troops. 1996 60 548 Provisioning his regulars, provincials, and militia was just one of the multitude of problems in maintaining his long communication line. society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > in specific country 1936 W. B. Mowery 4 On his flight across the provinces he had..slipped out of several tight squeezes with the Provincials. 1952 H. Garner 143 One of the Provincials took me upstairs. 1963 J. N. Harris xi. 137 The provincials were extremely dubious about trying to find a weapon in the depths of Lake Muskoka in March. the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > French > Provençal or idiom of a1500 (?a1325) (1935) l. 659 (MED) Prouynciales & Almaynes..couthen wel fyȝt on the playnes. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > backgammon > [noun] > varieties of backgammon a1500 lf. 159/1 Prouincial. Est etiam alius ludus qui vocatur prouincial. †5. Christian Church. society > faith > church government > council > Church of England > [noun] > provincial > ordinance of society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > pope > papal documents > [noun] > rescript a1529 J. Skelton (1843) 133 Decrees or decretals..Or els provincials. 1565 J. Jewel i. 91 Who euer commaunded your priest to saye your daily Masse? What Lawe, what Decree, what Decretal, what Legantine, what Prouincial? 1605 W. Camden i. 5 And the Kings of Scotland, as appeereth in an antient Roman Provinciall, had next place before Castile. 1659 H. L'Estrange 317 Considering that Provincial in Lindwood, where the Arch-Deacons are enjoyned in their visitations, diligently to take into their care..the fabrique of the Church. society > faith > church government > council > Church of England > [noun] > provincial a1578 R. Lindsay (1899) II. 140 The bischopis..convenit ane provintial at Edinburgh..to be haldin in the blak freiris. 1643 R. Baillie 2 June (1841) II. 70 At our last Provinciall in Glasgow, we resolved to be no longer silent. c1650 J. Row & J. Row (1842) 25 A partie conceaveing himself wronged by a session, may appeall to the Provinciall and Superintendent, (Presbyteries were not as yit erected). 1658 in J. D. Marwick (1881) II. 410 That James Barnes..attend and wait wpon the provinsiall for stoping of the call of Mr. Ralph Rodger. the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types 1575 G. Turberville 301 Take the dung of a Lyzart, (which is called a Prouinciall) and beate it into powder. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun] 1590 R. Hitchcock tr. F. Sansovino f. 59 Those Cities which are vsed to liue free, or accustomed to gouerne themselues by their Prouincialls [It. prouinciali]. 1593 T. Nashe f. 37v Thou suffredst him..to resist the Romaine Prouinciall Florus. the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [noun] > provincialism > person society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > country dweller > [noun] > provincial 1692 tr. M.-C. d'Aulnoy xii. 116 False Stones..which in reality are nothing neither, but bitts of Glass sett, and just like those our Chimney-sweepers sell to our Provincials [Fr. nos Provinciales], who never saw more than their Curate and their Flock. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury ii. i. 133 This we may observe in the hardy remote Provincials. 1775 T. Sheridan I. p. x By the aid of which all foreigners and provincials may..acquire a just pronunciation. 1843 tr. A. L. L. de Custine II. 153 On the same principle that, in France, the Provincial distrusts the Parisian. 1865 J. R. Lowell New Eng. Two Cent. Ago in (1890) II. 73 After that time they sank rapidly into provincials, narrow in thought, in culture, in creed. 1913 C. Mackenzie I. ii. v. 210 She used to laugh and tell him he was a regular old ‘provincial’. 1978 C. Heath 102 Perhaps Londoners are still more sophisticated than provincials. 2001 (Nexis) 8 Aug. 6 European participation in peacekeeping operations and extensive European foreign aid budgets counter American dismissal of the Europeans as narrow-minded provincials. society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > provincial 1892 7 Apr. 2/1 All four men included here are commonly given a full report in the Times, and on first-class occasions a full report in the greater provincials. 1946 20 July 3/1 Many of the great national newspapers and an increasing number of the provincials there is merely a handful of men who represent nobody but themselves. 1961 31 Aug. 325/1 His thoughts about Beckford and Beckett, Jouhandeau and Camus, the anti~roman and the English provincials. 2002 (Nexis) 21 Oct. 6 What was striking was the yawning gap between life on provincials and life on the national papers exposed by the interventions of the northern organiser of the National Union of Journalists. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  adj.n.c1400 |
