psin.

Brit.

/(p)sʌɪ/, U.S.

/(p)saɪ/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin psī.

Etymology: < classical Latin psī (Quintilian) < Hellenistic Greek ψῖ , alteration of ancient Greek ψεῖ , formed within Greek, after πεῖ (see pi n.¹), as the name for the twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet.In sense 2 apparently suggested by psy- in parapsychology n., psychic adj., psychic n.

1. (The name of) the twenty-third letter (Ψ, ψ) of the Greek alphabet.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as the letter sequence ps.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek

alphac1175

muc1175

betaa1400

taua1400

chic1400

deltac1400

etac1400

kappac1400

gamma?a1425

lambda?a1425

nu?a1425

phi?a1425

pi?a1425

psi?a1425

rho?a1425

xi?a1425

zeta?a1425

upsilon1559

san1584

omega1599

theta1603

iota1607

sigma1607

omicron1631

digamma1699

epsilon1842

zeta1850

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) lf. 9^v And ȝif ȝee wil wite of here A, B, c what letres þei ben, here ȝee may seen hem, w^t the names þat þei clepen hem þere, amonges hem. A Alpha, B Betha.., chi..psi [etc.].

1638 R. Thomas Muses Looking Glasse III. iii. 51 Alpha. Beta..Psi. Omega.

1728 A. Pope Minor Poems (1954) 88 Should the Greek quarrel too, by Styx, I Cou'd ne'er bring in Psi and Xi. Omicron and Omega from us Won'd each hope to be O in Thomas.

1848 T. K. Arnold Elem. Greek Gram. 1 Upsilon, Phi, Chi, Psi.

1889 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 10 188/2 Phrygian..cannot have adopted psi before xi.

1955 W. Pauli in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 30 A general agreement was reached following the substitution of abstract mathematical symbols, as for instance psi, for concrete pictures.

2006 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 11 July g11 The clothed woman stands with her arms raised, in an elongated shape that recalls the Greek letter psi.

2. The name of the letter used to represent or denote: paranormal phenomena or faculties collectively, or the psychic force said to be manifested by these.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun]

supernormal1885

psychic1909

paranormal1930

psi1942

the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > psychic force or power

psychic force1871

psi1942

wild talent1944

1942 R. H. Thouless in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 47 8 Accepting the reality of psi, we may seek to fit it into the existing framework of scientific explanation.

1946 Jrnl. Parapsychol. 10 146 Psi, a general term to identify personal factors or processes in nature which transcend accepted laws. It approximates the popular use of the word ‘psychic’ and the technical one, ‘parapsychical’.

1950 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 June 361/2 The whole field of ‘the Unseen’, survival after death, ghosts, mediums, precognition, gypsies, astrology, spiritual healing, in short, what it is now fashionable to call ‘psi’.

1976 Jrnl. Soc. Psychical Res. 48 267 Empirical evidence exists to the contrary; i.e. that psi can act independently of the brain without following the limiting characteristics of space, time and physical causality.

1991 New Scientist 11 May 53/1 Braude also rejects some of the notorious problems of anecdotal evidence and turns to eyewitness testimony from earlier times to prove that psi [i.e. psychic phenomena] exists.

3. Particle Physics. A neutral, strongly interacting meson that is distinguished by an exceptionally long lifetime in relation to its mass of 3097 MeV, and is produced by the high-energy collision of protons, or of electrons and positrons (frequently written ψ, J/ψ; also called J). Also (in full psi prime, frequently written ψ′): a similar particle of mass 3686 MeV that decays into a psi and two pions.The ψ particle has a spin of 1, zero hypercharge, zero isospin, and negative parity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > [noun] > psi particle

psi1974

1974 Times 18 Nov. 1/8 American physicists yesterday announced the discovery of a new kind of elementary particle which has been given the name Psi.

1974 J.-E. Augustin et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 2 Dec. 1406/2 We have observed a very sharp peak in the cross section for e⁺e⁻ → hadrons, e⁺e⁻, and possibly μ⁺μ⁻... The resonance has the parameters E = 3·105 ± 0·003 GeV, Γ ≦ 1·3 MeV... We suggest naming this structure ψ(3105).

1974 G. S. Abrams et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 9 Dec. 1453/2 We therefore began a systematic search..and quickly found a second narrow resonance decaying to hadrons. The parameters of this new state (which we suggest calling ψ(3695)) are M = 3·695 ± 0·004 GeV, Γ < 2·7 MeV.

1975 Physical Rev. Lett. 7 July 1/1 Although the newly discovered narrow boson resonances at Μ = 3·095 GeV (ψ or J) and at Μ′ = 3·684 GeV (ψ′) have yet to be fully explored, the data so far indicate that these particles are of a hadronic nature with quantum numbers J^P = I⁻ and I^GC = O⁻⁻.

1978 Sci. Amer. Mar. 50/2 The main significance of the discovery of the psi particle was that it provided compelling evidence for the existence of a fourth kind of quark, which had earlier been named the ‘charmed’ quark.

1997 S. Glashow in L. Wolpert Passionate Minds xviii. 172 It was found as the J particle at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and as the psi particle, independently, and on the same day, in California.

1999 Science 20 Aug. 1195/1 Any charm quarks produced in the collision have many more partners to choose from; they don't have to run away with an anticharm partner, which causes the number of J/psi mesons to drop.

Compounds

attributive (in sense 2), as psi-phenomenon, psi-power, etc.

ΚΠ

1942 R. H. Thouless in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 47 5 I suggest that we should use a term proposed by Dr Wiesner, and call this group of effects [sc. extra-sensory perception] the ‘psi phenomena’, a term which has the important negative merit that it implies no theory as to their nature.

1948 J. B. Rhine Reach of Mind ix. 112 How general psi capacities are we do not yet know.

1955 A. Huxley Let. 27 Aug. (1969) 761 It will obviously take a lot of very cautious experimentation to determine the right psi-enhancing dose of the mushroom.

1969 J. I. M. Stewart Cucumber Sandwiches 31 ‘Are individuals any longer described as psychic, Arthur?’... ‘The jargon changes. The “psi-factor” is all the go now.’

1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Oct. 45/3 The very essence of sound experimental design in parapsychology is to close all cheating loopholes. Until they are closed, no experiment indicating sensational psi powers is worth publishing.

1996 Nature 22 Feb. 685/2 It would..be possible to hold..that psi-phenomena will ultimately be explained in terms of physical forces and laws.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	psi
释义	psin. Brit. /(p)sʌɪ/, U.S. /(p)saɪ/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin psī. Etymology: < classical Latin psī (Quintilian) < Hellenistic Greek ψῖ , alteration of ancient Greek ψεῖ , formed within Greek, after πεῖ (see pi n.¹), as the name for the twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet.In sense 2 apparently suggested by psy- in parapsychology n., psychic adj., psychic n. 1. (The name of) the twenty-third letter (Ψ, ψ) of the Greek alphabet.In transliterating ancient Greek, usually rendered as the letter sequence ps. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek alphac1175 muc1175 betaa1400 taua1400 chic1400 deltac1400 etac1400 kappac1400 gamma?a1425 lambda?a1425 nu?a1425 phi?a1425 pi?a1425 psi?a1425 rho?a1425 xi?a1425 zeta?a1425 upsilon1559 san1584 omega1599 theta1603 iota1607 sigma1607 omicron1631 digamma1699 epsilon1842 zeta1850 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) lf. 9^v And ȝif ȝee wil wite of here A, B, c what letres þei ben, here ȝee may seen hem, w^t the names þat þei clepen hem þere, amonges hem. A Alpha, B Betha.., chi..psi [etc.]. 1638 R. Thomas Muses Looking Glasse III. iii. 51 Alpha. Beta..Psi. Omega. 1728 A. Pope Minor Poems (1954) 88 Should the Greek quarrel too, by Styx, I Cou'd ne'er bring in Psi and Xi. Omicron and Omega from us Won'd each hope to be O in Thomas. 1848 T. K. Arnold Elem. Greek Gram. 1 Upsilon, Phi, Chi, Psi. 1889 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 10 188/2 Phrygian..cannot have adopted psi before xi. 1955 W. Pauli in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 30 A general agreement was reached following the substitution of abstract mathematical symbols, as for instance psi, for concrete pictures. 2006 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 11 July g11 The clothed woman stands with her arms raised, in an elongated shape that recalls the Greek letter psi. 2. The name of the letter used to represent or denote: paranormal phenomena or faculties collectively, or the psychic force said to be manifested by these. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] supernormal1885 psychic1909 paranormal1930 psi1942 the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > psychic force or power psychic force1871 psi1942 wild talent1944 1942 R. H. Thouless in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 47 8 Accepting the reality of psi, we may seek to fit it into the existing framework of scientific explanation. 1946 Jrnl. Parapsychol. 10 146 Psi, a general term to identify personal factors or processes in nature which transcend accepted laws. It approximates the popular use of the word ‘psychic’ and the technical one, ‘parapsychical’. 1950 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 June 361/2 The whole field of ‘the Unseen’, survival after death, ghosts, mediums, precognition, gypsies, astrology, spiritual healing, in short, what it is now fashionable to call ‘psi’. 1976 Jrnl. Soc. Psychical Res. 48 267 Empirical evidence exists to the contrary; i.e. that psi can act independently of the brain without following the limiting characteristics of space, time and physical causality. 1991 New Scientist 11 May 53/1 Braude also rejects some of the notorious problems of anecdotal evidence and turns to eyewitness testimony from earlier times to prove that psi [i.e. psychic phenomena] exists. 3. Particle Physics. A neutral, strongly interacting meson that is distinguished by an exceptionally long lifetime in relation to its mass of 3097 MeV, and is produced by the high-energy collision of protons, or of electrons and positrons (frequently written ψ, J/ψ; also called J). Also (in full psi prime, frequently written ψ′): a similar particle of mass 3686 MeV that decays into a psi and two pions.The ψ particle has a spin of 1, zero hypercharge, zero isospin, and negative parity. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle participating in strong interaction > [noun] > psi particle psi1974 1974 Times 18 Nov. 1/8 American physicists yesterday announced the discovery of a new kind of elementary particle which has been given the name Psi. 1974 J.-E. Augustin et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 2 Dec. 1406/2 We have observed a very sharp peak in the cross section for e⁺e⁻ → hadrons, e⁺e⁻, and possibly μ⁺μ⁻... The resonance has the parameters E = 3·105 ± 0·003 GeV, Γ ≦ 1·3 MeV... We suggest naming this structure ψ(3105). 1974 G. S. Abrams et al. in Physical Rev. Lett. 9 Dec. 1453/2 We therefore began a systematic search..and quickly found a second narrow resonance decaying to hadrons. The parameters of this new state (which we suggest calling ψ(3695)) are M = 3·695 ± 0·004 GeV, Γ < 2·7 MeV. 1975 Physical Rev. Lett. 7 July 1/1 Although the newly discovered narrow boson resonances at Μ = 3·095 GeV (ψ or J) and at Μ′ = 3·684 GeV (ψ′) have yet to be fully explored, the data so far indicate that these particles are of a hadronic nature with quantum numbers J^P = I⁻ and I^GC = O⁻⁻. 1978 Sci. Amer. Mar. 50/2 The main significance of the discovery of the psi particle was that it provided compelling evidence for the existence of a fourth kind of quark, which had earlier been named the ‘charmed’ quark. 1997 S. Glashow in L. Wolpert Passionate Minds xviii. 172 It was found as the J particle at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and as the psi particle, independently, and on the same day, in California. 1999 Science 20 Aug. 1195/1 Any charm quarks produced in the collision have many more partners to choose from; they don't have to run away with an anticharm partner, which causes the number of J/psi mesons to drop. Compounds attributive (in sense 2), as psi-phenomenon, psi-power, etc. ΚΠ 1942 R. H. Thouless in Proc. Soc. Psychical Res. 47 5 I suggest that we should use a term proposed by Dr Wiesner, and call this group of effects [sc. extra-sensory perception] the ‘psi phenomena’, a term which has the important negative merit that it implies no theory as to their nature. 1948 J. B. Rhine Reach of Mind ix. 112 How general psi capacities are we do not yet know. 1955 A. Huxley Let. 27 Aug. (1969) 761 It will obviously take a lot of very cautious experimentation to determine the right psi-enhancing dose of the mushroom. 1969 J. I. M. Stewart Cucumber Sandwiches 31 ‘Are individuals any longer described as psychic, Arthur?’... ‘The jargon changes. The “psi-factor” is all the go now.’ 1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Oct. 45/3 The very essence of sound experimental design in parapsychology is to close all cheating loopholes. Until they are closed, no experiment indicating sensational psi powers is worth publishing. 1996 Nature 22 Feb. 685/2 It would..be possible to hold..that psi-phenomena will ultimately be explained in terms of physical forces and laws. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas psi psi n. pounds per square inch. ΚΠ 1941 Science 23 May 494/2 The American Standards Association reports the completion of the revision of American standard abbreviations for scientific and engineering terms... It includes such common terms as pounds per square inch (psi), dollar ($), and dozen (doz). 1959 Motor 2 Sept. 75/2 This is with 5·90–13 Goodyear tubed tyres, inflated to 26 p.s.i. back and front. 1989 Classical Sportscar Feb. 21/4 When warm, oil pressure settles at a steady 30psi. extracted from Pn. < n.?a1425 as lemmas
随便看	parchingly parchingness parchment parchment beaver parchment coffee parchment glue parchment lace parchment maker parchment paper parchment size parchment skin parchment window parchment-bound parchment-coloured parchment-covered parchment-faced parchment-like parchment-skinned parchment-spread parchmentarian parchmentbound parchmentcoloured parchmentcovered parchmented parchmenter

psin.

Compounds

> as lemmas