protractionn.

Brit.

/prəˈtrakʃn/, U.S.

/prəˈtrækʃ(ə)n/,

/proʊˈtrækʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English protraccioun, 1500s– protraction, 1600s protraccion.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French protraction; Latin protraction-, protractio.

Etymology: < Middle French, French protraction postponement, delay (late 14th cent.), action of extending (1551) and its etymon post-classical Latin protraction-, protractio extension, stretching, lengthening (late 4th cent. in Augustine), postponement, delay (6th cent.), drawing, diagram, portrayal, representation (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin prōtract- , past participial stem of prōtrahere protract v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian protrazione postponement, extension (a1396), action of extending (1622).

†a. The drawing or writing of numbers. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 34 (MED) Figure is clepede for protraccioun of figuracioun.

b. The action of drawing or plotting a figure, map, ground plan, etc., accurately or to scale; the use of a protractor.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun]

projection1551

protraction1559

stereography1700

planning1730

planography1847

dimensioning1966

1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 115 He vsed in this protraction, suche lines as might answere proportionallye, the lines discribed in a Globe.

1670 J. Flamstead in Philos. Trans. 1669 (Royal Soc.) 4 1109 The protraction of the Star's way in this appearance will be facile.

1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 66 Protract carefully, with a large Protractor, the several Angles written in the Field-book; and also calculate trigonometrically the most material Distances: judge of the Accuracy of the Protraction by its Agreement with the Calculation.

1868 D. Livingstone 12 Jan. in Last Jrnls. (1874) I. x. 270 By protraction Rua Point was distant thirty-three miles.

1999 Sphaera No. 9. 3/3 The use of angular measurements taken with a theodolite made protraction laborious and prone to error, so working surveyors looked for more direct, graphical methods.

c. A chart or plan drawn to scale; a survey.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > plan drawing

platform?1544

groundwork1574

ground-plota1586

projecture1610

profile1665

protraction1669

inspection1694

pantarch1694

plan view1847

stereogram1868

planform1937

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. viii. 73 Any Chart or Protraction whatsoever.

1810 G. Chalmers Caledonia II. 62 Employing five years in drawing their protractions of the country..on a vast scale of 3000 feet to an inch.

1886 Proc. Royal Soc. 40 56 A protraction on a large sheet of the individual observations in their exact places.

1960 Surv. & Mapping 20 450 (title) Cadastral surveys—the rectangular system surveys and protractions.

2001 B. W. Higman Jamaica Surveyed i. 1 The richness of the collection of plantation maps..is enhanced by the fact that it is associated with a considerable quantity of surveyors' field books and original protractions.

a. The action or an act of extending something in time or duration; prolongation; the state of being extended or prolonged. Formerly also: †delay, postponement (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time > lengthening in duration or prolonging

continuancec1374

prorogationc1400

prolongation?a1425

training1440

lengthingc1480

enlonging1509

prolonging1528

protraction1535

protract of time1536

productionc1540

trait1545

lengthening1574

continuation1587

prolongment1593

conserving1610

extensiona1631

wire-drawing1640

continuing1643

spinning1644

permansion1646

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]

longingeOE

bideOE

abodec1225

bodea1300

demura1300

dwella1300

litinga1300

delayc1300

delayingc1300

demurrancec1300

but honec1325

without ensoignec1325

abidec1330

dretchingc1330

dwellingc1330

essoinc1330

tarrying1340

litea1350

delaymenta1393

respitea1393

oversettinga1398

delayancea1400

delitea1400

lingeringa1400

stounding?a1400

sunyiea1400

targea1400

train?a1400

deferring14..

dilation14..

dayc1405

prolongingc1425

spacec1430

adjourningc1436

retardationc1437

prolongation?a1439

training1440

adjournment1445

sleuthingc1450

tarry1451

tarriance1460

prorogation1476

oversetc1485

tarriage1488

debaid1489

supersedement1492

superseding1494

off-putting1496

postponing1496

tract1503

dilating1509

sparinga1513

hafting1519

sufferance1523

tracking1524

sticking1525

stay1530

pause1532

protraction1535

tracting1535

protract of time1536

protracting1540

postposition1546

staying1546

procrastination1548

difference1559

surceasing1560

tardation1568

detract1570

detracting1572

tarryment1575

rejourning1578

detraction1579

longness1579

rejournment1579

holding1581

reprieving1583

cunctation1585

retarding1585

retardance1586

temporizing1587

by and by1591

suspensea1592

procrastinatinga1594

tardance1595

linger1597

forslacking1600

morrowing1602

recess1603

deferment1612

attendance1614

put-off1623

adjournal1627

fristing1637

hanging-up1638

retardment1640

dilatoriness1642

suspension1645

stickagea1647

tardidation1647

transtemporation1651

demurragea1656

prolatation1656

prolation1656

moration1658

perendination1658

offput1730

retardure1751

postponement1757

retard1781

traverse1799

tarrowing1832

mañana1845

temporization1888

procrastinativeness1893

deferral1895

traa dy liooar1897

stalling1927

heel-tapping1949

off-put1970

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 4 §1 Without longe tarienge and protraction of time.

1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor Induct. sig. C This protraction is able to sower the best-setled patience in the Theatre.

1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. v. 11 That Fabius that..by his cunning protraction blunted the furie of Hannibal.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 92 As to the fabulous protractions of the age of the World by the Egyptians or others, they are uncertain idle Traditions.

1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) III. 448 Such..are his usual protraction, delays, distrusts, and fearful precaution.

1776 F. Maseres Canad. Freeholder 248 The protraction of the war, which will probably be the effect of these difficulties.

1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xxi. 473 The long protraction of the suit must have been occasioned by difficulties.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Sept. 4/2 A protraction of time which is frequently caused by the inconsideration of principals, who will drive off ‘writing their letters’ to the last moment.

1939 Public Opinion Q. 3 116 The protraction of the naval expansion issue meant..at least a partial preparation of the American people for the size of the increase.

1990 C. Paglia Sexual Personae xxiv. 660 In biology, neoteny is the protraction of juvenile traits into adulthood or the premature development of adult sexual traits in a hostile environment.

b. The lengthening of a syllable, vowel, or word; an instance of this.In quot. 1671: = parelcon n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > unit of duration of speech sound > lengthening or shortening

lengthening1574

prolongation1589

protraction1671

contraction1706

correption1871

1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Parelcon, Protraction, a Figure wherein a word or syllable is added to the end of another, as Numnam, Etiamnum.

1768 E. B. Greene in tr. Anacreon & Sappho Wks. 103 (note) The protraction of the second syllable is not sufficient to invalidate the insertion of the word.

a1849 E. A. Poe Fancy & Imag. in Wks. (1865) III. 381 He also too frequently draws out the word Heaven into two syllables—a protraction which it never will support.

1933 B. E. C. Davis Edmund Spenser viii. 199 Constancy of ‘numbers’ is preserved by means of syllabic protraction and rhetorical hiatus throughout the trimeter.

2003 Re: Rime Royal in humanities.lit.authors.shakespeare (Usenet newsgroup) 1 Oct. To get a pentameter she has to linger (salaciously) on trisyllabic ‘difference’, and the headlessness permits a similar protraction of the ‘Oh’.

†3. The action or process of drawing out.

a. Extension in space. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > extension or stretching

streekinga1340

stretchingc1375

outstretchinga1387

stretching out1530

splaying1531

extending?1541

outreaching1587

extension1615

outstretchedness1674

protraction1681

exporrection1697

outstretch1828

1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Protraction, a drawing forth at length.

1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Med.-philos. Disc. Fermentation viii. 26 The little spaces and vacuities, which are made by the protraction [L. a protractione] of this matter, are filled up by the active Particles.

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 112/2 The Wind is nothing but a continued protraction of the Air.

1888 Harper's Mag. July 217/2 Across our way appears a long band of light, reaching over the sea like a thin protraction of color from the extended spur of verdure in which the western end of the island terminates.

b. Extraction. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > [noun]

outdrawinga1425

taking out?c1425

extraction1530

extreat1596

extractinga1626

exantlation1646

protraction1728

1728 tr. H. van der Venter New Improvem. Art Midwifery Index Midwives deserve to be punished for th abominable Protraction of Infants.

1895 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Protraction, extraction; as of a foreign body from a wound.

4. Physiology and Zoology. The action of extending a part of the body, esp. by using a protractor muscle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [noun] > muscular movement

porrection1649

abduction1657

cringing1728

antagonism1744

peristalsis1847

musculation1853

fibrillation1882

jerk1895

protraction1899

flexing1902

stretch reflex1916

fasciculation1938

sliding filament1957

1850 R. Owen in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 516 The eyeball [of the hippopotamus] is relatively small, and is remarkable for the extent of the movements of protraction and retraction.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 285 In this area one may distinguish, more or less completely, protraction and retraction of the upper arm.

1967 Brain 90 625 Movements occur from the shoulder and are very slow, yet they show a clear protraction–retraction alternation.

1991 A. Kitchener Nat. Hist. Wild Cats i. 17 (caption) The protraction mechanism for the felid claw.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protraction
释义	protractionn. Brit. /prəˈtrakʃn/, U.S. /prəˈtrækʃ(ə)n/, /proʊˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English protraccioun, 1500s– protraction, 1600s protraccion. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French protraction; Latin protraction-, protractio. Etymology: < Middle French, French protraction postponement, delay (late 14th cent.), action of extending (1551) and its etymon post-classical Latin protraction-, protractio extension, stretching, lengthening (late 4th cent. in Augustine), postponement, delay (6th cent.), drawing, diagram, portrayal, representation (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin prōtract- , past participial stem of prōtrahere protract v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian protrazione postponement, extension (a1396), action of extending (1622). 1. †a. The drawing or writing of numbers. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 34 (MED) Figure is clepede for protraccioun of figuracioun. b. The action of drawing or plotting a figure, map, ground plan, etc., accurately or to scale; the use of a protractor. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] projection1551 protraction1559 stereography1700 planning1730 planography1847 dimensioning1966 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 115 He vsed in this protraction, suche lines as might answere proportionallye, the lines discribed in a Globe. 1670 J. Flamstead in Philos. Trans. 1669 (Royal Soc.) 4 1109 The protraction of the Star's way in this appearance will be facile. 1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 66 Protract carefully, with a large Protractor, the several Angles written in the Field-book; and also calculate trigonometrically the most material Distances: judge of the Accuracy of the Protraction by its Agreement with the Calculation. 1868 D. Livingstone 12 Jan. in Last Jrnls. (1874) I. x. 270 By protraction Rua Point was distant thirty-three miles. 1999 Sphaera No. 9. 3/3 The use of angular measurements taken with a theodolite made protraction laborious and prone to error, so working surveyors looked for more direct, graphical methods. c. A chart or plan drawn to scale; a survey. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > plan drawing platform?1544 groundwork1574 ground-plota1586 projecture1610 profile1665 protraction1669 inspection1694 pantarch1694 plan view1847 stereogram1868 planform1937 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. viii. 73 Any Chart or Protraction whatsoever. 1810 G. Chalmers Caledonia II. 62 Employing five years in drawing their protractions of the country..on a vast scale of 3000 feet to an inch. 1886 Proc. Royal Soc. 40 56 A protraction on a large sheet of the individual observations in their exact places. 1960 Surv. & Mapping 20 450 (title) Cadastral surveys—the rectangular system surveys and protractions. 2001 B. W. Higman Jamaica Surveyed i. 1 The richness of the collection of plantation maps..is enhanced by the fact that it is associated with a considerable quantity of surveyors' field books and original protractions. 2. a. The action or an act of extending something in time or duration; prolongation; the state of being extended or prolonged. Formerly also: †delay, postponement (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time > lengthening in duration or prolonging continuancec1374 prorogationc1400 prolongation?a1425 training1440 lengthingc1480 enlonging1509 prolonging1528 protraction1535 protract of time1536 productionc1540 trait1545 lengthening1574 continuation1587 prolongment1593 conserving1610 extensiona1631 wire-drawing1640 continuing1643 spinning1644 permansion1646 the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun] longingeOE bideOE abodec1225 bodea1300 demura1300 dwella1300 litinga1300 delayc1300 delayingc1300 demurrancec1300 but honec1325 without ensoignec1325 abidec1330 dretchingc1330 dwellingc1330 essoinc1330 tarrying1340 litea1350 delaymenta1393 respitea1393 oversettinga1398 delayancea1400 delitea1400 lingeringa1400 stounding?a1400 sunyiea1400 targea1400 train?a1400 deferring14.. dilation14.. dayc1405 prolongingc1425 spacec1430 adjourningc1436 retardationc1437 prolongation?a1439 training1440 adjournment1445 sleuthingc1450 tarry1451 tarriance1460 prorogation1476 oversetc1485 tarriage1488 debaid1489 supersedement1492 superseding1494 off-putting1496 postponing1496 tract1503 dilating1509 sparinga1513 hafting1519 sufferance1523 tracking1524 sticking1525 stay1530 pause1532 protraction1535 tracting1535 protract of time1536 protracting1540 postposition1546 staying1546 procrastination1548 difference1559 surceasing1560 tardation1568 detract1570 detracting1572 tarryment1575 rejourning1578 detraction1579 longness1579 rejournment1579 holding1581 reprieving1583 cunctation1585 retarding1585 retardance1586 temporizing1587 by and by1591 suspensea1592 procrastinatinga1594 tardance1595 linger1597 forslacking1600 morrowing1602 recess1603 deferment1612 attendance1614 put-off1623 adjournal1627 fristing1637 hanging-up1638 retardment1640 dilatoriness1642 suspension1645 stickagea1647 tardidation1647 transtemporation1651 demurragea1656 prolatation1656 prolation1656 moration1658 perendination1658 offput1730 retardure1751 postponement1757 retard1781 traverse1799 tarrowing1832 mañana1845 temporization1888 procrastinativeness1893 deferral1895 traa dy liooar1897 stalling1927 heel-tapping1949 off-put1970 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 4 §1 Without longe tarienge and protraction of time. 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor Induct. sig. C This protraction is able to sower the best-setled patience in the Theatre. 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God i. v. 11 That Fabius that..by his cunning protraction blunted the furie of Hannibal. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 92 As to the fabulous protractions of the age of the World by the Egyptians or others, they are uncertain idle Traditions. 1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) III. 448 Such..are his usual protraction, delays, distrusts, and fearful precaution. 1776 F. Maseres Canad. Freeholder 248 The protraction of the war, which will probably be the effect of these difficulties. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xxi. 473 The long protraction of the suit must have been occasioned by difficulties. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Sept. 4/2 A protraction of time which is frequently caused by the inconsideration of principals, who will drive off ‘writing their letters’ to the last moment. 1939 Public Opinion Q. 3 116 The protraction of the naval expansion issue meant..at least a partial preparation of the American people for the size of the increase. 1990 C. Paglia Sexual Personae xxiv. 660 In biology, neoteny is the protraction of juvenile traits into adulthood or the premature development of adult sexual traits in a hostile environment. b. The lengthening of a syllable, vowel, or word; an instance of this.In quot. 1671: = parelcon n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > unit of duration of speech sound > lengthening or shortening lengthening1574 prolongation1589 protraction1671 contraction1706 correption1871 1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Parelcon, Protraction, a Figure wherein a word or syllable is added to the end of another, as Numnam, Etiamnum. 1768 E. B. Greene in tr. Anacreon & Sappho Wks. 103 (note) The protraction of the second syllable is not sufficient to invalidate the insertion of the word. a1849 E. A. Poe Fancy & Imag. in Wks. (1865) III. 381 He also too frequently draws out the word Heaven into two syllables—a protraction which it never will support. 1933 B. E. C. Davis Edmund Spenser viii. 199 Constancy of ‘numbers’ is preserved by means of syllabic protraction and rhetorical hiatus throughout the trimeter. 2003 Re: Rime Royal in humanities.lit.authors.shakespeare (Usenet newsgroup) 1 Oct. To get a pentameter she has to linger (salaciously) on trisyllabic ‘difference’, and the headlessness permits a similar protraction of the ‘Oh’. †3. The action or process of drawing out. a. Extension in space. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > [noun] > extension or stretching streekinga1340 stretchingc1375 outstretchinga1387 stretching out1530 splaying1531 extending?1541 outreaching1587 extension1615 outstretchedness1674 protraction1681 exporrection1697 outstretch1828 1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Protraction, a drawing forth at length. 1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Med.-philos. Disc. Fermentation viii. 26 The little spaces and vacuities, which are made by the protraction [L. a protractione] of this matter, are filled up by the active Particles. 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 112/2 The Wind is nothing but a continued protraction of the Air. 1888 Harper's Mag. July 217/2 Across our way appears a long band of light, reaching over the sea like a thin protraction of color from the extended spur of verdure in which the western end of the island terminates. b. Extraction. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > [noun] outdrawinga1425 taking out?c1425 extraction1530 extreat1596 extractinga1626 exantlation1646 protraction1728 1728 tr. H. van der Venter New Improvem. Art Midwifery Index Midwives deserve to be punished for th abominable Protraction of Infants. 1895 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Protraction, extraction; as of a foreign body from a wound. 4. Physiology and Zoology. The action of extending a part of the body, esp. by using a protractor muscle. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [noun] > muscular movement porrection1649 abduction1657 cringing1728 antagonism1744 peristalsis1847 musculation1853 fibrillation1882 jerk1895 protraction1899 flexing1902 stretch reflex1916 fasciculation1938 sliding filament1957 1850 R. Owen in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 516 The eyeball [of the hippopotamus] is relatively small, and is remarkable for the extent of the movements of protraction and retraction. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 285 In this area one may distinguish, more or less completely, protraction and retraction of the upper arm. 1967 Brain 90 625 Movements occur from the shoulder and are very slow, yet they show a clear protraction–retraction alternation. 1991 A. Kitchener Nat. Hist. Wild Cats i. 17 (caption) The protraction mechanism for the felid claw. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450
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