prothesisn.

Brit.

/ˈprɒθᵻsɪs/, U.S.

/ˈprɑθəsəs/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin prothesis; Greek πρόθεσις.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin prothesis addition of a letter or syllable, usually at the beginning of a word (from 3rd cent. in grammarians) and its etymon ancient Greek πρόθεσις action of placing before or in public, in Hellenistic Greek also offering (as in the phrase οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως the showbread (Septuagint and New Testament)), prefixing or placing first (in grammarians), in Byzantine Greek also the placing of the elements upon the sacred table, a credence-table, the place where the consecration begins < προ- pro- prefix² + θέσις placing (see thesis n.), after προτιθέναι to place before, to set out (food, etc.). Compare French prothèse (1704 in grammatical use). In sense 3 apparently by confusion with prosthesis n. 2, probably after French prothèse in the same sense (1695 in medical use); with later use compare also Italian protesi (1835), German Prothese (1888 or earlier), etc.

1. Grammar. The addition of a letter or syllable, usually at the beginning of a word. Cf. prosthesis n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > insertion of parasitic sound > prosthesis

prosthesis1550

prothesis1616

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix > prefix > use or addition of

prothesis1616

prefixion1676

prefix1793

prefixture1824

prefixation1889

1577 H. Peacham Garden of Eloquence sig. Eij Prothesie, is an addition of a letter, or Sillable, to the beginning of a word.]

1616 T. Granger Syntagma Grammaticum sig. K7^v Prothesis, is the putting to of a letter, or syllable to the beginning, b middle, or c end of a word.

1669 J. Milton Accedence Commenc't Gram. 40 In the beginning, as Gnatus for Natus, Tetuli for tuli. Prothesis.

1706 C. Bland Art Rhetorick as to Elocution 19 When we add to or take something from several Words: by a Prothesis, which adds a Letter or a Syllable to the Beginning of a Word; as, 'Sdeath! for Death.

1775 F. Sastres Introd. Ital. Gram. i. i. 19 Prothesis prefixes a Letter, or Syllable to the Beginning of a Word; as Dipartita for Partita, departed.

1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. §48. 31 Real prothesis is pretty common in Greek.

1968 P. M. Postal Aspects Phonol. Theory vii. 144 The Prothesis rule is that which inserts an [i] in the front of verbs containing less than one vowel.

1986 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 31 104 Lass contends that there is a fundamental difference between prothesis (initial epenthesis) and anaptyxis (non-initial epenthesis).

2. Christian Church. (a) In the Greek Church: the preparation and preliminary oblation of the elements, performed by the priest and deacon (more fully office of prothesis); (hence) the table upon which this is done ( table or altar of prothesis), or the place where this table stands ( chapel of prothesis). (b) The placing of the elements and other necessities in readiness for use in the Eucharistic office; (hence) the table upon which these are placed, a credence-table, or the part of a church where this stands.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > furniture > table > [noun] > for elements

prothesis1637

credentia1641

credentiala1645

credence1705

credence table1792

1637 P. Heylyn Antidotum Lincolniense ii. viii. 114 There be in those Churches two Altars, the greater in the middest, and called the holy Table, the lesser called the Prothesis, or Table of Proposition.

1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. vi. 140 The Prothesis, or place where things were prepared in order to the Sacrament.

1711 G. Hickes Two Treat. (ed. 3) I. Pref. Disc. p. cclix The Use of a Prothesis, or another Table from whence he may fetch them [sc. bread and wine].

1768 G. Adams Syst. Divinity 181 The Priest taking in his Hands the Elements, then laying them upon the Table, which is the First Oblation at the Prothesis, according to the Greeks.

1850 J. M. Neale Hist. Holy Eastern Church: Pt. 1 I. 525 Before the people are dismissed, the Priest gives them the antidoron; ie. a part of the bread blessed for the prothesis.

1883 A. Beresford-Hope Worship & Order 92 We have the Altar with its attendant table of Prothesis.

1929 E. C. Thomas Lay Folks' Hist. Liturgy i. vii. 31 In the Eastern rites, the holy mysteries were prepared for completeness at the Credence or Mass of the Prothesis which had previously been celebrated in the vestry.

1963 T. Ware Orthodox Church xiv. 286 The Prothesis or Proskomidia: the preparation of the bread and wine to be used at the Eucharist.

1963 T. Ware Orthodox Church xiv. 288 The Office of Preparation..is performed privately by the priest and deacon in the chapel of the Prothesis.

1992 C. G. Flegg Gathered under Apostles iii. 184 The offerings of the people..were brought up during the Eucharist to be placed on the table of prothesis.

3. = prosthesis n. 2.See the etymology and etymological note above.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > prosthesis > [noun]

prosthesis1706

prothesis1707

autoprothesis1881

prosthetics1894

1707 tr. de la Vauguion Compl. Body Chirurg. Operations (ed. 2) liv. 354 (heading) Of Prothesis or supplying Parts deficient.

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Prothesis, Prosthesis, that part of surgery, whose object is to add, to the human body some artificial part, in place of one that may be wanting.

1851 Harper's Mag. Dec. 92/2 Only the scientific workman, proceeding on well-grounded principles, can pretend to practice ocular prothesis with success.

1958 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 102 492/2 In some instances this lack of change may be related to the wearing of a prothesis.

2002 European Jrnl. Internal Med. 13 20/2 The introduction of endovascular prothesis has improved mid-term prognosis in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.

†4. An antecedent entity or purpose. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1818 S. T. Coleridge Notebks. (2002) III. 4418 This Prothesis of Inwardness and Outwardness, which therefore is neither because the (N.b. not Synthesis, but) Prothesis or potential Identity of both, Moses has with the strictest logical Propriety named by anticipation from the Thesis.

1831–2 S. T. Coleridge Marginalia (1984) II. 290 Thus I class the Pentad of Operative Christianity:—Prothesis. Christ, the Word. Thesis. The Written Word. Mesothesis. The H. Spirit. Antithesis. The Church. Synthesis. The Preacher.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) IV. 429 As a synthesis is a unity that results from the union of two things, so a prothesis is a primary unity that gives itself forth into two things.

1842 Southern Q. Rev. Oct. 464 The sensible world is spirit in magnitude, outspread before the senses for their analysis, but whose synthesis is the soul herself, whose prothesis is God.

1875 B. F. Cocker Theistic Conception World 34 Prothesis expresses the absolute identity or eternal coinherence of Reason, Love, and Power (the Divine Essence).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prothesis
释义	prothesisn. Brit. /ˈprɒθᵻsɪs/, U.S. /ˈprɑθəsəs/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin prothesis; Greek πρόθεσις. Etymology: < post-classical Latin prothesis addition of a letter or syllable, usually at the beginning of a word (from 3rd cent. in grammarians) and its etymon ancient Greek πρόθεσις action of placing before or in public, in Hellenistic Greek also offering (as in the phrase οἱ ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως the showbread (Septuagint and New Testament)), prefixing or placing first (in grammarians), in Byzantine Greek also the placing of the elements upon the sacred table, a credence-table, the place where the consecration begins < προ- pro- prefix² + θέσις placing (see thesis n.), after προτιθέναι to place before, to set out (food, etc.). Compare French prothèse (1704 in grammatical use). In sense 3 apparently by confusion with prosthesis n. 2, probably after French prothèse in the same sense (1695 in medical use); with later use compare also Italian protesi (1835), German Prothese (1888 or earlier), etc. 1. Grammar. The addition of a letter or syllable, usually at the beginning of a word. Cf. prosthesis n. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > insertion of parasitic sound > prosthesis prosthesis1550 prothesis1616 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > affix > prefix > use or addition of prothesis1616 prefixion1676 prefix1793 prefixture1824 prefixation1889 1577 H. Peacham Garden of Eloquence sig. Eij Prothesie, is an addition of a letter, or Sillable, to the beginning of a word.] 1616 T. Granger Syntagma Grammaticum sig. K7^v Prothesis, is the putting to of a letter, or syllable to the beginning, b middle, or c end of a word. 1669 J. Milton Accedence Commenc't Gram. 40 In the beginning, as Gnatus for Natus, Tetuli for tuli. Prothesis. 1706 C. Bland Art Rhetorick as to Elocution 19 When we add to or take something from several Words: by a Prothesis, which adds a Letter or a Syllable to the Beginning of a Word; as, 'Sdeath! for Death. 1775 F. Sastres Introd. Ital. Gram. i. i. 19 Prothesis prefixes a Letter, or Syllable to the Beginning of a Word; as Dipartita for Partita, departed. 1870 F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon Lang. §48. 31 Real prothesis is pretty common in Greek. 1968 P. M. Postal Aspects Phonol. Theory vii. 144 The Prothesis rule is that which inserts an [i] in the front of verbs containing less than one vowel. 1986 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 31 104 Lass contends that there is a fundamental difference between prothesis (initial epenthesis) and anaptyxis (non-initial epenthesis). 2. Christian Church. (a) In the Greek Church: the preparation and preliminary oblation of the elements, performed by the priest and deacon (more fully office of prothesis); (hence) the table upon which this is done ( table or altar of prothesis), or the place where this table stands ( chapel of prothesis). (b) The placing of the elements and other necessities in readiness for use in the Eucharistic office; (hence) the table upon which these are placed, a credence-table, or the part of a church where this stands. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > furniture > table > [noun] > for elements prothesis1637 credentia1641 credentiala1645 credence1705 credence table1792 1637 P. Heylyn Antidotum Lincolniense ii. viii. 114 There be in those Churches two Altars, the greater in the middest, and called the holy Table, the lesser called the Prothesis, or Table of Proposition. 1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. vi. 140 The Prothesis, or place where things were prepared in order to the Sacrament. 1711 G. Hickes Two Treat. (ed. 3) I. Pref. Disc. p. cclix The Use of a Prothesis, or another Table from whence he may fetch them [sc. bread and wine]. 1768 G. Adams Syst. Divinity 181 The Priest taking in his Hands the Elements, then laying them upon the Table, which is the First Oblation at the Prothesis, according to the Greeks. 1850 J. M. Neale Hist. Holy Eastern Church: Pt. 1 I. 525 Before the people are dismissed, the Priest gives them the antidoron; ie. a part of the bread blessed for the prothesis. 1883 A. Beresford-Hope Worship & Order 92 We have the Altar with its attendant table of Prothesis. 1929 E. C. Thomas Lay Folks' Hist. Liturgy i. vii. 31 In the Eastern rites, the holy mysteries were prepared for completeness at the Credence or Mass of the Prothesis which had previously been celebrated in the vestry. 1963 T. Ware Orthodox Church xiv. 286 The Prothesis or Proskomidia: the preparation of the bread and wine to be used at the Eucharist. 1963 T. Ware Orthodox Church xiv. 288 The Office of Preparation..is performed privately by the priest and deacon in the chapel of the Prothesis. 1992 C. G. Flegg Gathered under Apostles iii. 184 The offerings of the people..were brought up during the Eucharist to be placed on the table of prothesis. 3. = prosthesis n. 2.See the etymology and etymological note above. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > prosthesis > [noun] prosthesis1706 prothesis1707 autoprothesis1881 prosthetics1894 1707 tr. de la Vauguion Compl. Body Chirurg. Operations (ed. 2) liv. 354 (heading) Of Prothesis or supplying Parts deficient. 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Prothesis, Prosthesis, that part of surgery, whose object is to add, to the human body some artificial part, in place of one that may be wanting. 1851 Harper's Mag. Dec. 92/2 Only the scientific workman, proceeding on well-grounded principles, can pretend to practice ocular prothesis with success. 1958 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 102 492/2 In some instances this lack of change may be related to the wearing of a prothesis. 2002 European Jrnl. Internal Med. 13 20/2 The introduction of endovascular prothesis has improved mid-term prognosis in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. †4. An antecedent entity or purpose. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1818 S. T. Coleridge Notebks. (2002) III. 4418 This Prothesis of Inwardness and Outwardness, which therefore is neither because the (N.b. not Synthesis, but) Prothesis or potential Identity of both, Moses has with the strictest logical Propriety named by anticipation from the Thesis. 1831–2 S. T. Coleridge Marginalia (1984) II. 290 Thus I class the Pentad of Operative Christianity:—Prothesis. Christ, the Word. Thesis. The Written Word. Mesothesis. The H. Spirit. Antithesis. The Church. Synthesis. The Preacher. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) IV. 429 As a synthesis is a unity that results from the union of two things, so a prothesis is a primary unity that gives itself forth into two things. 1842 Southern Q. Rev. Oct. 464 The sensible world is spirit in magnitude, outspread before the senses for their analysis, but whose synthesis is the soul herself, whose prothesis is God. 1875 B. F. Cocker Theistic Conception World 34 Prothesis expresses the absolute identity or eternal coinherence of Reason, Love, and Power (the Divine Essence). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1616
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