borealadj.

Brit.

/ˈbɔːrɪəl/, U.S.

/ˈbɔriəl/

Forms: Also Middle English boriall, 1500s boryall, 1600s boreall.

Etymology: < Latin Boreālis; see Boreas n., and -al suffix¹.

1. Of or pertaining to the north; situated on the northern side; of a northern character. boreal signs: the six signs of the Zodiac from Aries to Virgo. boreal dawn (rare): the aurora borealis. Now chiefly in Zoology and Botany.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [adjective] > character

northOE

northernc1385

northenc1410

boreal1470

northernly1574

hyperboreal1596

hyperborean1605

northerly1616

boreana1644

Boread1882

the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > aurora > aurora borealis

dancing-goats1563

petty dancers1635

streaming1694

north-light1706

aurora borealis1717

dancersc1717

northern morning1717

northern lights1722

aurora septentrionalis1728

northern dawn1728

northern light1728

morris dancers1735

streamers1735

north-shine1738

fire-flaught1787

boreal dawn1805

northern morn1822

firelights1845

1470 J. Hardyng Chron. ccxl. (note) Foure flodes..Ebbynge & flowynge in the see boriall.

1536 Exhort. Northe in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS I. 305 The boryalle Region.

1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 42 Fitz Stephens describing London, tells us of a large Forrest of these [Chestnut] Trees on the Boreal part of it.

1805 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 3 211 His pretended reforms, like the boreal dawn, glittered at a distance.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 117 [Plants] all eminently alpine or boreal.

1845 E. A. Poe Ulalume The boreal pole.

1874 E. Coues Birds Northwest 316 The Acadian Owl is not so boreal a bird as its congener.

2. Of or pertaining to the north wind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > of or relating to north wind

boreal1656

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Boreal, pertaining to the North-Wind.

1672 R. Wild Let. Declar. Liberty Conscience 7 Such a boreal month as this March.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxiii. 241 To gentle Zephyr and the Boreal Blast.

1830 in Blackwood's Mag. 28 941 The boreal storms are o'er.

3. Belonging to the ‘boreal province’ of the Mollusca.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of other parts of

pedal1625

sinistral1803

lingual1826

byssiferous1835

pallial1836

metapodal1853

byssal1854

boreal1856

branchio-parietal1856

odontophorous1870

odontophoral1877

branchio-pallial1880

lentigerous1883

osphradial1883

pleurecbolic1883

pleurembolic1883

byssogenous1886

ctenidial1888

metapodial1890

pseudofaecal1953

1856 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca iii. 358 The boreal shells of America are described by Dr. Gould.

1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age xv. 212 Perfect specimens of boreal and arctic shells.

4. Applied by Blytt to the next period of vegetation in Scandinavia after the arctic period, and later by others to the climate of other areas.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > quaternary > glacial or boreal

preglacial1855

boreal1876

sub-Atlantic1876

sub-boreal1876

Preboreal1924

Atlantic1935

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [adjective] > of or relating to climate > in the geological past > specific

genial1838

pluvial1868

boreal1876

sub-Atlantic1876

sub-boreal1876

interpluvial1907

intrapluvial1934

Atlantic1935

hypsithermal1957

1876 A. Blytt Immigr. Norwegian Flora 67 We must presume that the arctic flora was here before all the others; that the subarctic came next; that the subboreal and the subatlantic..came later than the boreal and the atlantic.

1939 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization (ed. 3) i. 2 A continental Boreal phase, characterized by summers longer and warmer than to-day, but severe snowy winters.

1946 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery xiv. 157 The abrupt change from a cold or ‘Boreal’ climate to the milder, damper ‘Atlantic’ climate.

1963 Field Archaeol. (Ordnance Surv.) (ed. 4) 23 The application of the techniques of pollen analysis and Carbon 14 investigations have shown conclusively that the site belongs to the Boreal climatic phase which succeeded the last Ice Age, and that it may be dated with some confidence to 8,000–7,500 B.C.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	boreal
释义	borealadj. Brit. /ˈbɔːrɪəl/, U.S. /ˈbɔriəl/ Forms: Also Middle English boriall, 1500s boryall, 1600s boreall. Etymology: < Latin Boreālis; see Boreas n., and -al suffix¹. 1. Of or pertaining to the north; situated on the northern side; of a northern character. boreal signs: the six signs of the Zodiac from Aries to Virgo. boreal dawn (rare): the aurora borealis. Now chiefly in Zoology and Botany. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [adjective] > character northOE northernc1385 northenc1410 boreal1470 northernly1574 hyperboreal1596 hyperborean1605 northerly1616 boreana1644 Boread1882 the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > aurora > aurora borealis dancing-goats1563 petty dancers1635 streaming1694 north-light1706 aurora borealis1717 dancersc1717 northern morning1717 northern lights1722 aurora septentrionalis1728 northern dawn1728 northern light1728 morris dancers1735 streamers1735 north-shine1738 fire-flaught1787 boreal dawn1805 northern morn1822 firelights1845 1470 J. Hardyng Chron. ccxl. (note) Foure flodes..Ebbynge & flowynge in the see boriall. 1536 Exhort. Northe in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS I. 305 The boryalle Region. 1694 W. Westmacott Θεολοβοτονολογια 42 Fitz Stephens describing London, tells us of a large Forrest of these [Chestnut] Trees on the Boreal part of it. 1805 W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. 3 211 His pretended reforms, like the boreal dawn, glittered at a distance. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 117 [Plants] all eminently alpine or boreal. 1845 E. A. Poe Ulalume The boreal pole. 1874 E. Coues Birds Northwest 316 The Acadian Owl is not so boreal a bird as its congener. 2. Of or pertaining to the north wind. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > of or relating to north wind boreal1656 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Boreal, pertaining to the North-Wind. 1672 R. Wild Let. Declar. Liberty Conscience 7 Such a boreal month as this March. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxiii. 241 To gentle Zephyr and the Boreal Blast. 1830 in Blackwood's Mag. 28 941 The boreal storms are o'er. 3. Belonging to the ‘boreal province’ of the Mollusca. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [adjective] > of parts of molluscs > of other parts of pedal1625 sinistral1803 lingual1826 byssiferous1835 pallial1836 metapodal1853 byssal1854 boreal1856 branchio-parietal1856 odontophorous1870 odontophoral1877 branchio-pallial1880 lentigerous1883 osphradial1883 pleurecbolic1883 pleurembolic1883 byssogenous1886 ctenidial1888 metapodial1890 pseudofaecal1953 1856 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca iii. 358 The boreal shells of America are described by Dr. Gould. 1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age xv. 212 Perfect specimens of boreal and arctic shells. 4. Applied by Blytt to the next period of vegetation in Scandinavia after the arctic period, and later by others to the climate of other areas. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > quaternary > glacial or boreal preglacial1855 boreal1876 sub-Atlantic1876 sub-boreal1876 Preboreal1924 Atlantic1935 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [adjective] > of or relating to climate > in the geological past > specific genial1838 pluvial1868 boreal1876 sub-Atlantic1876 sub-boreal1876 interpluvial1907 intrapluvial1934 Atlantic1935 hypsithermal1957 1876 A. Blytt Immigr. Norwegian Flora 67 We must presume that the arctic flora was here before all the others; that the subarctic came next; that the subboreal and the subatlantic..came later than the boreal and the atlantic. 1939 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization (ed. 3) i. 2 A continental Boreal phase, characterized by summers longer and warmer than to-day, but severe snowy winters. 1946 L. D. Stamp Britain's Struct. & Scenery xiv. 157 The abrupt change from a cold or ‘Boreal’ climate to the milder, damper ‘Atlantic’ climate. 1963 Field Archaeol. (Ordnance Surv.) (ed. 4) 23 The application of the techniques of pollen analysis and Carbon 14 investigations have shown conclusively that the site belongs to the Boreal climatic phase which succeeded the last Ice Age, and that it may be dated with some confidence to 8,000–7,500 B.C. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1470
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