Beghardn.

/ˈbɛɡəd/

Etymology: < medieval Latin beghardus, begardus, beggardus, begehardus, begihardus (see Du Cange); compare French béguard , Old French bégard , -art , Flemish beggaert , Middle High German beghart , begehard , either directly from the same word as Beguine n.¹ (i.e. the surname Bègue ), or at a later date < béguine itself, with the masculine ending -ard , -hard , here pejorative; see -ard suffix. Old French had also a masculine béguin, in which the pejorative sense was absent; and a feminine bégarde formed on bégard, with its reproachful force. This word has been the subject of much etymological conjecture. An extraordinary error, which appears even in Littré, refers it to an alleged Flemish beggen ‘to beg,’ which never existed. (On the contrary, Old French begard may be the source of the English beggar and beg; see these words.) It has been by some referred directly to the adjective bègue ‘stammering’ as if it meant originally ‘stammerer,’ and has been ‘derived’ in various other ways. But its origination in the name of Lambert Bègue is ‘now established beyond all dispute’ (Prof. Cosijn).

A name given to the members of certain lay brotherhoods which arose in the Low Countries early in the 13th cent., subsequent to, and in imitation of, the female Beguine n.¹ ‘They took no vow, and were allowed to leave the company when they liked.’ The name is said soon to have been adopted by many who were simply idle mendicants: see beggar n. From the 14th cent. they were denounced by Popes and Councils, and persecuted by the Inquisition. In the 17th cent. such of them as still survived were absorbed in the Tertiarii of the Franciscans. (The name was sometimes thrown abusively at other ‘heretics,’ as the Albigenses and Waldenses.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > other religions > Beghard > [noun]

beggarc1384

Beguine1483

Beghard1656

1656 H. More Enthusiasmus Triumphatus 23 That religious sect of the Beguardi.

1764 A. Maclaine tr. J. L. von Mosheim Eccl. Hist. (1844) I. 333/2 (note) The denominations Beghards and Beguines were given to above thirty sects or orders, which differed widely from each other in their opinions, their discipline, and manner of living.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 7 The early reformers from popery got the name of Beghards.

1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 329 Both Beghards and Beguines, throughout Germany, very generally became Lutherans.

1863 J. Ludlow in Good Words July 497/2 So complete was the change, that the very name of béghard..surviving in our beggar, has come to designate clamorous pauperism.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	beghard
释义	Beghardn. /ˈbɛɡəd/ Etymology: < medieval Latin beghardus, begardus, beggardus, begehardus, begihardus (see Du Cange); compare French béguard , Old French bégard , -art , Flemish beggaert , Middle High German beghart , begehard , either directly from the same word as Beguine n.¹ (i.e. the surname Bègue ), or at a later date < béguine itself, with the masculine ending -ard , -hard , here pejorative; see -ard suffix. Old French had also a masculine béguin, in which the pejorative sense was absent; and a feminine bégarde formed on bégard, with its reproachful force. This word has been the subject of much etymological conjecture. An extraordinary error, which appears even in Littré, refers it to an alleged Flemish beggen ‘to beg,’ which never existed. (On the contrary, Old French begard may be the source of the English beggar and beg; see these words.) It has been by some referred directly to the adjective bègue ‘stammering’ as if it meant originally ‘stammerer,’ and has been ‘derived’ in various other ways. But its origination in the name of Lambert Bègue is ‘now established beyond all dispute’ (Prof. Cosijn). A name given to the members of certain lay brotherhoods which arose in the Low Countries early in the 13th cent., subsequent to, and in imitation of, the female Beguine n.¹ ‘They took no vow, and were allowed to leave the company when they liked.’ The name is said soon to have been adopted by many who were simply idle mendicants: see beggar n. From the 14th cent. they were denounced by Popes and Councils, and persecuted by the Inquisition. In the 17th cent. such of them as still survived were absorbed in the Tertiarii of the Franciscans. (The name was sometimes thrown abusively at other ‘heretics,’ as the Albigenses and Waldenses.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious order > other religions > Beghard > [noun] beggarc1384 Beguine1483 Beghard1656 1656 H. More Enthusiasmus Triumphatus 23 That religious sect of the Beguardi. 1764 A. Maclaine tr. J. L. von Mosheim Eccl. Hist. (1844) I. 333/2 (note) The denominations Beghards and Beguines were given to above thirty sects or orders, which differed widely from each other in their opinions, their discipline, and manner of living. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 7 The early reformers from popery got the name of Beghards. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 329 Both Beghards and Beguines, throughout Germany, very generally became Lutherans. 1863 J. Ludlow in Good Words July 497/2 So complete was the change, that the very name of béghard..surviving in our beggar, has come to designate clamorous pauperism. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1656
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