protectressn.

Brit.

/prə(ʊ)ˈtɛktrᵻs/, U.S.

/prəˈtɛktrəs/

Forms:

α. 1500s–1600s protectresse, 1700s– protectress.

β. 1600s protectoresse, 1600s– protectoress.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: protector n., -ess suffix¹.

Etymology: < protector n. + -ess suffix¹: see -tress suffix. Compare Middle French protecteresse (1521). Compare earlier protectrice n., protectrix n.

a. A female protector or guardian; a patroness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > female

protectricec1429

governessc1450

protectrixc1450

protectress1570

α.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 660/1 Straightly enioyning you..to worship our Lady Mary the mother of God, and our patronesse and protectresse, euermore in all aduersity.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1232 Minerva Poliuchos, that is to say, Tutelar and protectresse of the city.

1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 505 Pallas, Patronesse of Athens, and Protectresse.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 12 My fellow traveller and protectress, Esther Davis,..all of a sudden assumed a strange and cool air towards me.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 297 The fair protectress of a fugitive adventurer.

1821 Ld. Byron Let. 15 July (1978) VIII. 155 The persons for whom I solicit—will..neither be in ignorance of their protectress—nor indisposed to acknowledge their sense of her kindness.

1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer ii. 19 Athenè, the personal protectress of Achilles, of Odusseus, and of Diomed.

1943 L. Hart To keep my love Alive in L. Hart & R. Kimball Compl. Lyrics of Lorenz Hart (1976) 296/3 I caught Sir James with his protectress, The rector's wife, I mean the rectoress.

1993 K. Ware in J. McManners Oxf. Hist. Christianity iv. 166 The Theotokos, protectress of Constantinople, mother and guardian of the Orthodox people.

β. 1680 E. Hickeringill Curse ye Meroz Ded. 3 In making Choice of such a Protectoresse.1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iii. 285 Juno of Samos, the Protectoress of that Island.1704 Addr. Devon 3 Oct. in London Gaz. No. 4066/8 A Protectoress of Your own Dominions.1978 J. Updike Coup (1979) i. 34 The youngest of the four soldiers stepped forward and with the butt of his rifle..knocked my clinging protectoress loose.1995 A. D. Brown Pop. Piety Late Medieval Eng. 257 Guilds who looked after the altars..of the Virgin Mary, the protectoress of women.

†b. In extended use, of things (esp. something personified as female). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 76 Christians: whose pouerty is their onely safety and protectresse.

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism v. 225 If the Papacy were inherently the protectress of humanity.

1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. vi. 164 It is as the centralisation and protectress of this sacred influence, that Architecture is to be regarded.

2. A female protector (protector n. 2a) or regent of a kingdom or state. Also (more fully Lady Protectress): the title borne by Elizabeth Cromwell, the wife of Oliver Cromwell (cf. protector n. 2b). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > regent > [noun] > female

protectress1587

regentess1611

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > protector during Commonwealth of 1653-9 > wife of

Lady Protectress1587

α.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1081/1 Katharine Par..was by patent made protectresse of the realme of England, when king Henrie the eight went in person to the wars of Bullongne.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Regente, the Regentesse, or Protectresse of a Kingdome.

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. App. 70 Ferdinand the fourth,..being but a childe when his father Sancho died, was in ward to his mother Queen Mary, his Protectresse.

1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. i. vi. 11 H'as a pretty Smattering too in Poetry, and would ha' been my Lady Protectress's Poet.

1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches II. 116 At Norborough,..the Lady Protectress, Widow Elizabeth Cromwell, after the Restoration, found a retreat.

1892 Eng. Hist. Rev. 7 47 His grandmother the Lady Protectress..had found a home in the last years of her life in the old manorhouse of the Claypoles.

2006 Oxf. Dict. National Biogr. (Electronic text) at Cromwell, Elizabeth From December 1653, as the wife of the head of state and often herself styled her highness the lady protectress, she played a slightly larger public role.

β. 1654 Weekly Intelligencer 14–21 Mar. 179 The Privy Lodgings for his Highness the Lord Protector in Whitehall are now in readiness, as also the Lodgings for his Lady Protectoress.1660 J. Tatham Rump ii. i. 19 She will be Protectoress whether he be a Protector or not.1934 Biometrika 26 113 There exists a tradition that each daughter of Cromwell received such a miniature of their father on marriage, one version being that the Protectoress presented them to her daughters.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	protectress
释义	protectressn. Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈtɛktrᵻs/, U.S. /prəˈtɛktrəs/ Forms: α. 1500s–1600s protectresse, 1700s– protectress. β. 1600s protectoresse, 1600s– protectoress. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: protector n., -ess suffix¹. Etymology: < protector n. + -ess suffix¹: see -tress suffix. Compare Middle French protecteresse (1521). Compare earlier protectrice n., protectrix n. 1. a. A female protector or guardian; a patroness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > female protectricec1429 governessc1450 protectrixc1450 protectress1570 α. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 660/1 Straightly enioyning you..to worship our Lady Mary the mother of God, and our patronesse and protectresse, euermore in all aduersity. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1232 Minerva Poliuchos, that is to say, Tutelar and protectresse of the city. 1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 505 Pallas, Patronesse of Athens, and Protectresse. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 12 My fellow traveller and protectress, Esther Davis,..all of a sudden assumed a strange and cool air towards me. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 297 The fair protectress of a fugitive adventurer. 1821 Ld. Byron Let. 15 July (1978) VIII. 155 The persons for whom I solicit—will..neither be in ignorance of their protectress—nor indisposed to acknowledge their sense of her kindness. 1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer ii. 19 Athenè, the personal protectress of Achilles, of Odusseus, and of Diomed. 1943 L. Hart To keep my love Alive in L. Hart & R. Kimball Compl. Lyrics of Lorenz Hart (1976) 296/3 I caught Sir James with his protectress, The rector's wife, I mean the rectoress. 1993 K. Ware in J. McManners Oxf. Hist. Christianity iv. 166 The Theotokos, protectress of Constantinople, mother and guardian of the Orthodox people. β. 1680 E. Hickeringill Curse ye Meroz Ded. 3 In making Choice of such a Protectoresse.1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece iii. 285 Juno of Samos, the Protectoress of that Island.1704 Addr. Devon 3 Oct. in London Gaz. No. 4066/8 A Protectoress of Your own Dominions.1978 J. Updike Coup (1979) i. 34 The youngest of the four soldiers stepped forward and with the butt of his rifle..knocked my clinging protectoress loose.1995 A. D. Brown Pop. Piety Late Medieval Eng. 257 Guilds who looked after the altars..of the Virgin Mary, the protectoress of women. †b. In extended use, of things (esp. something personified as female). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 76 Christians: whose pouerty is their onely safety and protectresse. 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism v. 225 If the Papacy were inherently the protectress of humanity. 1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. vi. 164 It is as the centralisation and protectress of this sacred influence, that Architecture is to be regarded. 2. A female protector (protector n. 2a) or regent of a kingdom or state. Also (more fully Lady Protectress): the title borne by Elizabeth Cromwell, the wife of Oliver Cromwell (cf. protector n. 2b). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > regent > [noun] > female protectress1587 regentess1611 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > head of government > [noun] > protector during Commonwealth of 1653-9 > wife of Lady Protectress1587 α. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1081/1 Katharine Par..was by patent made protectresse of the realme of England, when king Henrie the eight went in person to the wars of Bullongne. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Regente, the Regentesse, or Protectresse of a Kingdome. 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. App. 70 Ferdinand the fourth,..being but a childe when his father Sancho died, was in ward to his mother Queen Mary, his Protectresse. 1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. i. vi. 11 H'as a pretty Smattering too in Poetry, and would ha' been my Lady Protectress's Poet. 1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches II. 116 At Norborough,..the Lady Protectress, Widow Elizabeth Cromwell, after the Restoration, found a retreat. 1892 Eng. Hist. Rev. 7 47 His grandmother the Lady Protectress..had found a home in the last years of her life in the old manorhouse of the Claypoles. 2006 Oxf. Dict. National Biogr. (Electronic text) at Cromwell, Elizabeth From December 1653, as the wife of the head of state and often herself styled her highness the lady protectress, she played a slightly larger public role. β. 1654 Weekly Intelligencer 14–21 Mar. 179 The Privy Lodgings for his Highness the Lord Protector in Whitehall are now in readiness, as also the Lodgings for his Lady Protectoress.1660 J. Tatham Rump ii. i. 19 She will be Protectoress whether he be a Protector or not.1934 Biometrika 26 113 There exists a tradition that each daughter of Cromwell received such a miniature of their father on marriage, one version being that the Protectoress presented them to her daughters. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1570
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