prosthaphaeresisn.

Brit.

/ˌprɒsθəˈfɪərᵻsɪs/,

/ˌprɒsθəfəˈriːsɪs/, U.S.

/ˌprɑsθəˈfɛrəsəs/,

/ˈˌprɑsθəfəˈrisᵻs/

Inflections: Plural prosthaphaereses.

Forms: 1500s– prosthaphaeresis, 1600s prostaphaeresis, 1600s–1800s prosthapheresis, 1600s– prosthaphaericis, 1900s– prostaphairesis, 1900s– prosthaphairesis.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prosthaphaeresis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin prosthaphaeresis (in astronomy) addition or subtraction as required (a1541), (in trigonometry) procedure involving addition or subtraction (1588) < Hellenistic Greek προσθαϕαίρεσις (in astronomy) addition or subtraction as required < ancient Greek πρόσθεν before ( < πρό (see pro- prefix²) + -θεν , suffix forming adverbs indicating motion from, with inserted σ , after either ἔκτοσθεν from without, ἔντοσθεν from within (see entosthoblast n.) or πρόσω forwards: see prosobranch n.) + ἀϕαίρεσις action of taking away (see aphaeresis n.).

1. Astronomy and Nautical. The difference between the apparent actual position of a planet, etc., and its mean position (i.e. that which it would occupy if its angular motion in the sky were uniform); the calculation of the actual position from the mean position. Cf. equation of the centre at equation n. 3a.figurative in quot. 1649.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical calculation > [noun]

prosthaphaeresis1599

annual equation1700

lunar equation1712

metemptosis1728

1599 E. Wright Certaine Errors Navigation sig. Kk4^v The excess answerable to this prosthaphæresis—8′ 10″.

1613 E. Wright Descr. & Use Sphære iii. viii. 80 The aequation, or prosthapheresis of the Sun is nothing els but the arch of the ecliptick conteyned betweene the true, and middle places of the sunne.

1649 J. Harrison Nahash Redivivus 22 If their King had been able to have but touched that Key, there had been a more harmonious close between him and their Commissioners. Yet it seems they would have been content to have come to an equation, if he would have contributed to the forming of a Prosthaphaeresis.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. 102 To Rectifie the Tables of the Sun's Declination..by Prostaphæreses.

1741 C. Brent Compend. Astronomer (new ed.) 131 There is requir'd a Prosthapheresis for the Reduction of this Mean to the True Elliptic Equation requir'd.

1882 Morton Astronomers 51 Tables of the prosthapheresis and nychthemeron are given.

1957 O. Neugebauer Exact Sci. in Antiquity (ed. 2) App. I. 192 The corresponding correction δ, called ‘prosthaphairesis for anomaly’ is negative for values of the anomaly γ = α between 0 and 180 and positive for the remaining semicircle; [etc.].

1968 Isis 59 9/1 Once the Keplerian laws are established or assumed, it becomes possible to correct the eccentricity on the basis of the maximum anomalistic difference or ‘prosthaphaeresis’.

2. A procedure involving addition or subtraction; (Mathematics, now historical) the expression of a product of sines and cosines of two angles as a sum or difference of sines and cosines, e.g. cosx cosy = ½[cos(x + y) + cos(x − y)].

ΚΠ

1614 R. Handson tr. B. Pitiscus Trigonom. v. 144 In stead of the two Sines giuen besides the Radius; take the Complements of the arches answering to those sines, And you shall haue a sphericall Triangle right angled, agreable to the fourth Axiome of sphericall Triangles, and so to be resolued by Prosthaphæricis [L. per solam prosthaphaeresin solubile].

1677 R. Cary Palæologia Chronica i. i. i. vii. 19 The Months alternatively of 29, and 30 Days, except where necessity did require a Prosthaphæresis, either a Subduction, or else an Adjection of one or more Days.

1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 183/1 It is evident that Wittich's prosthaphæresis could not be a good method of practically effecting multiplications unless the quantities to be multiplied were sines.

1986 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 37 517 Neither logarithms nor a prosthaphairesis formula was known in the Middle East.

1990 V. E. Thoren Lord of Uraniborg 407 He [sc. Jöstel] had found the missing link to a complete solution of triangles by means of prosthaphaereses.

Derivatives

ˌprosthaphaeˈretic adj. of, relating to, or involving prosthaphaeresis.

ΚΠ

1958 Science 29 Aug. 469/1 The history of prosthaphaeretic methods and of relations between geometric and arithmetic progressions.

1990 V. E. Thoren Lord of Uraniborg ix. 280 The thought struck Tycho that..if Wittich had made and shown copies of the comet observations, he had probably done the same with the prosthaphaeretic scheme he had put together under Tycho's direction.

† prosthaphaeretical adj. Obsolete = prosthaphaeretic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical calculation > [adjective] > calculation

prosthaphaeretical1635

1635 H. Gellibrand Disc. Variation Magneticall Needle 5 Its..necessary for the Seaman who sailes by his Compasse, continually to search the variation, that so by the Prosthaphæreticall application thereof, the true point of the compasse..may be rectified.

1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 813 Called the Prosthaphaeretical Time, because it is wont sometimes to be added to, sometimes..taken from the Time of the middle Syzygy.

1714 J. Witty Treat. Sphere iii. 139 After the same may we get these Prosthaphæretical Arches all the Year around; with their Titles, whether they are to be added to, or subtracted from the Apparent to give the Mean Time.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prosthaphaeresis
释义	prosthaphaeresisn. Brit. /ˌprɒsθəˈfɪərᵻsɪs/, /ˌprɒsθəfəˈriːsɪs/, U.S. /ˌprɑsθəˈfɛrəsəs/, /ˈˌprɑsθəfəˈrisᵻs/ Inflections: Plural prosthaphaereses. Forms: 1500s– prosthaphaeresis, 1600s prostaphaeresis, 1600s–1800s prosthapheresis, 1600s– prosthaphaericis, 1900s– prostaphairesis, 1900s– prosthaphairesis. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin prosthaphaeresis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin prosthaphaeresis (in astronomy) addition or subtraction as required (a1541), (in trigonometry) procedure involving addition or subtraction (1588) < Hellenistic Greek προσθαϕαίρεσις (in astronomy) addition or subtraction as required < ancient Greek πρόσθεν before ( < πρό (see pro- prefix²) + -θεν , suffix forming adverbs indicating motion from, with inserted σ , after either ἔκτοσθεν from without, ἔντοσθεν from within (see entosthoblast n.) or πρόσω forwards: see prosobranch n.) + ἀϕαίρεσις action of taking away (see aphaeresis n.). 1. Astronomy and Nautical. The difference between the apparent actual position of a planet, etc., and its mean position (i.e. that which it would occupy if its angular motion in the sky were uniform); the calculation of the actual position from the mean position. Cf. equation of the centre at equation n. 3a.figurative in quot. 1649. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical calculation > [noun] prosthaphaeresis1599 annual equation1700 lunar equation1712 metemptosis1728 1599 E. Wright Certaine Errors Navigation sig. Kk4^v The excess answerable to this prosthaphæresis—8′ 10″. 1613 E. Wright Descr. & Use Sphære iii. viii. 80 The aequation, or prosthapheresis of the Sun is nothing els but the arch of the ecliptick conteyned betweene the true, and middle places of the sunne. 1649 J. Harrison Nahash Redivivus 22 If their King had been able to have but touched that Key, there had been a more harmonious close between him and their Commissioners. Yet it seems they would have been content to have come to an equation, if he would have contributed to the forming of a Prosthaphaeresis. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. 102 To Rectifie the Tables of the Sun's Declination..by Prostaphæreses. 1741 C. Brent Compend. Astronomer (new ed.) 131 There is requir'd a Prosthapheresis for the Reduction of this Mean to the True Elliptic Equation requir'd. 1882 Morton Astronomers 51 Tables of the prosthapheresis and nychthemeron are given. 1957 O. Neugebauer Exact Sci. in Antiquity (ed. 2) App. I. 192 The corresponding correction δ, called ‘prosthaphairesis for anomaly’ is negative for values of the anomaly γ = α between 0 and 180 and positive for the remaining semicircle; [etc.]. 1968 Isis 59 9/1 Once the Keplerian laws are established or assumed, it becomes possible to correct the eccentricity on the basis of the maximum anomalistic difference or ‘prosthaphaeresis’. 2. A procedure involving addition or subtraction; (Mathematics, now historical) the expression of a product of sines and cosines of two angles as a sum or difference of sines and cosines, e.g. cosx cosy = ½[cos(x + y) + cos(x − y)]. ΚΠ 1614 R. Handson tr. B. Pitiscus Trigonom. v. 144 In stead of the two Sines giuen besides the Radius; take the Complements of the arches answering to those sines, And you shall haue a sphericall Triangle right angled, agreable to the fourth Axiome of sphericall Triangles, and so to be resolued by Prosthaphæricis [L. per solam prosthaphaeresin solubile]. 1677 R. Cary Palæologia Chronica i. i. i. vii. 19 The Months alternatively of 29, and 30 Days, except where necessity did require a Prosthaphæresis, either a Subduction, or else an Adjection of one or more Days. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 183/1 It is evident that Wittich's prosthaphæresis could not be a good method of practically effecting multiplications unless the quantities to be multiplied were sines. 1986 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 37 517 Neither logarithms nor a prosthaphairesis formula was known in the Middle East. 1990 V. E. Thoren Lord of Uraniborg 407 He [sc. Jöstel] had found the missing link to a complete solution of triangles by means of prosthaphaereses. Derivatives ˌprosthaphaeˈretic adj. of, relating to, or involving prosthaphaeresis. ΚΠ 1958 Science 29 Aug. 469/1 The history of prosthaphaeretic methods and of relations between geometric and arithmetic progressions. 1990 V. E. Thoren Lord of Uraniborg ix. 280 The thought struck Tycho that..if Wittich had made and shown copies of the comet observations, he had probably done the same with the prosthaphaeretic scheme he had put together under Tycho's direction. † prosthaphaeretical adj. Obsolete = prosthaphaeretic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical calculation > [adjective] > calculation prosthaphaeretical1635 1635 H. Gellibrand Disc. Variation Magneticall Needle 5 Its..necessary for the Seaman who sailes by his Compasse, continually to search the variation, that so by the Prosthaphæreticall application thereof, the true point of the compasse..may be rectified. 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 813 Called the Prosthaphaeretical Time, because it is wont sometimes to be added to, sometimes..taken from the Time of the middle Syzygy. 1714 J. Witty Treat. Sphere iii. 139 After the same may we get these Prosthaphæretical Arches all the Year around; with their Titles, whether they are to be added to, or subtracted from the Apparent to give the Mean Time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1599
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