taxn.¹

Brit.

/taks/, U.S.

/tæks/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s taxe, ScottishMiddle English–1600s taxt (1500s taxte).

Etymology: apparently < tax v. Appears earlier than French taxe (1405 in Godefroy Compl.; rare before 16th cent.), < taxer verb; also earlier than medieval Latin taxa in Du Cange. In Middle English, taxe and taske , task n., were at first almost synonymous; but in their sense-development they were differentiated, tax following that of the corresponding verb, as an assessed money payment.

a. A compulsory contribution to the support of government, levied on persons, property, income, commodities, transactions, etc., now at fixed rates, mostly proportional to the amount on which the contribution is levied.‘Tax’ is the most inclusive term for these contributions, esp. when spoken of as the matter of taxation, and in such phrases as direct tax and indirect tax (see direct adj. 6e, indirect adj. 2c), including also similar levies for the support of the work of such local or specific bodies as county or municipal, councils, poor law or school boards, etc. But in British practice few of the individual imposts are called by the name, the most notable being the income-tax n., land-tax n., and property tax n. at property n. Compounds 3 (also dog tax n., match-tax, window tax n.), the rest being mostly styled ‘duties’, as excise, import, export, estate, house, stamp, death duties, etc. The ‘taxes’ levied by local bodies are usually called ‘rates’, e.g. borough, county, poor, school, water rate, etc. In U.S. ‘tax’ is more generally applied in ordinary language to every federal, state, or local exaction of this kind: cf. the combinations in senses Compounds 1, Compounds 2.† to pay double taxes (quot. 1759), i.e. to have two residences on which the assessed taxes were paid.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun]

tacka1300

taxa1327

tail1340

stent138.

emption1467

duty1474

stint1485

teamc1485

liverage1544

stipend1545

toust1574

sess1579

cut1634

censure1641

gild1656

leviation1681

levation1690

a1327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 151 Mo then ten sithen told y my tax.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 247 Þe lerid & þe lay granted þat þei said, & assigned a day, þat taxe to be laid.

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 298 Oure clergie schal paie no subsidie ne taxe.

c1420 Brut 382 Þere was grawnted vnto þe King, to maynetayne his warres, bothe of spiritualte & temporalte, an hole taxe and a dyme.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5537 Taxe geteth he noon of Perse lond.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxlix Kyng Iohan..let arere an huge taxe thurgh oute all englond, that is to say xxxv. M. marc.

1483 Cath. Angl. 378/2 A Taxe, tallagium.

1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 129 Lettrez to Dunde, Perth [etc.] to inbring thair taxtis for furnesing of wageouris.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings ix. 15 The summe of the taxe, that kynge Salomon raysed to the buyldinge of the house of the Lorde.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Taxe or subsidye graunted.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Sss2 Task, aliâs Taxe,..is such a kinde of tribute, as being certainly rated vpon euery towne, was wont to be yearely paide... Now is it not paide, but by consent giuen in Parlament, as the Subsidie is.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xx. 106 Men ought to pay such taxes as are by Kings imposed.

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 344 A tax on German linen encourages home manufactures.

1759 W. H. Dilworth Life of Pope 116 Pope..was able to pay double taxes, and lived like a man in a genteel independance.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. viii. 308 The land tax, in it's modern shape, has superseded all the former methods of rating either property, or persons in respect of their property.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 422 (heading) Of Taxes.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 476 A direct tax upon the wages of labour,..though the labourer might perhaps pay it out of his hand, could not properly be said to be even advanced by him.

1801 A. Hamilton Addr. to Electors N.Y. 21 There is perhaps no item in the catalogue of our taxes, which has been more unpopular than that which is called the direct tax.

1840 McCulloch in Encycl. Brit. XXI. 95 A tax may be either direct or indirect. It is said to be direct when it is immediately taken from income or capital; and indirect when it is taken from them by making their owners pay for liberty to use certain articles, or to exercise certain privileges.

1846 (title) The local taxes of the United Kingdom.

1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. xvi. §97. 129 In England the taxes amount to something like ten per cent., or one pound in every ten pounds.

†b. The rate at which anything is charged.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > charges > [noun] > as calculated pro rata

tax1455

rate1526

block rate1909

1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 308/2 Eny Dismes or Subsidies..aftir the taxe or quantite of an hole Disme.

c. the taxes n. colloquial the tax-collector.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector

catchpoleOE

publicanc1175

tallagerc1400

leviera1513

vectigal1535

renter?1536

task-gatherer1552

exactor1570

uptaker1576

exacter1596

mise-gatherer1597

taxer1603

tax-taker1610

raiser1611

summonitor1617

summonisterc1625

riding officer1675

zamindar1683

tax-gatherer1693

desai1698

amildar1761

amil1763

collector1772

tax-master1796

tehsildar1799

taxman1803

tax-receiver1830

tax-collector1833

the taxes1874

revenuer1877

revenue1880

levyist1923

T-man1938

1874 W. S. Gilbert Charity 111 Nobody calls on him except the taxes.

1888 R. L. Stevenson Pop. Authors 11 Even the Rates and Taxes..have actually read your tales.

2. figurative. Something compared to a tax in its incidence, obligation, or burdensomeness; an oppressive or burdensome charge, obligation, or duty; a burden, strain, heavy demand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > burdensomeness > a burden

burdenc971

chargec1300

packa1325

burnc1375

fardelc1380

weightc1380

carriagea1556

load1600

taxa1628

overpoise1697

dead weight1720

backload1725

millstone1787

tin kettle1796

nightmare-weight1847

ball and chain1855

a1628 F. Greville Let. to Hon. Lady iv, in Certaine Wks. (1633) 277 When Nature..foresaw this distresse, or taxe, like to fall vpon her freedome.

1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 93 Sleep, that great Tax and Custom of Nature upon the Life of Man.

1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 85. ⁋1 To suffer scandal..is the tax which every person of merit pays to the publick.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xix. 313 A young beginner has such a tax upon him before he begins, that he must sink perhaps..half..his stock, in painting and gilding, wainscoting and glazing, before he..can open his shop.

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xv. 224 You great men must pay a tax for your dignity. I am going to disturb you.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. i. §8 The greatness of the question..justifies even a heavier tax on the reader's attention.

†3. = task n. 2a, 2b Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > piece of work or task > allotted or imposed

tax1390

taska1400

stint1533

society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] > a duty or moral necessity > a charge, trust, or duty > imposed on one

tax1390

taska1400

enjoint1413

penalty1601

enjoinder1894

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework

lesson?c1225

renderc1380

vulgars1520

practicec1541

theme1545

example1562

tax1564

repetition1579

exercise1612

praxis1612

recreation1633

pensum1667

vacation-exercisea1668

version1711

task1737

thesisa1774

dictation1789

challenging1825

holiday task1827

devoir1849

homework1852

vulgus1857

cram-book1858

rep1858

banco1862

prep1866

classwork1867

preparation1875

work card1878

vacation-task1904

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 94 ‘I bidde nevere a betre taxe’ Quod sche, ‘bot ferst, er thou be sped, Thou schalt me leve such a wedd, That [etc.]’.

1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Ld. Hastynges sig. O.i A certayne taxe assygnd they have To shyne, and tymes divyde.

1564 Advertmts. in E. Cardwell Documentary Ann. Church Eng. (1839) I. 294 The archedeacon shall appoynte the curates to certaine taxes of the Newe Testamente to bee conde without booke. And at theire nexte synode to exact a rehearsall of them.

†4. The action or an act of taxing or charging a person with some offence; a charge, accusation; censure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun]

acoupementc1300

accusinga1350

impeachment1387

accusementa1393

accusation?c1400

witingc1449

charge1477

impetition1530

threap1538

imputationa1586

deposition1587

impeach1591

insimulation1592

accusal1594

arraignment1595

taxation1605

arguing1611

tax1613

impositiona1616

tainture1621

incusation1623

touchinga1625

aggravation1626

accrimination1655

compellation1656

imputea1657

inculpation1798

finger-pointing1851

j'accuse1899

1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle Prol. sig. B2^v Flye farre from hence All priuate taxes, immodest phrases, What ere may but shew like vicious.

1621 T. Venner Treat. Tobacco in Via Recta (1637) 354 They shall not passe without my tax.

1634 T. Jackson Knowledg of Christ Jesus vii. xiv. §6 It was not a prophecy but a sharp reproof or tax.

1642 Declar. Lords & Com. 7 Nov. 4 After many high taxes of Us and Our Government.

†5. A price-list, tariff. [So French taxe.] Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > price-list

rate book1579

price current1614

tax1625

tariffa1751

price list1795

1625 W. Gordon (title) Pharmaco-Pinax, or a table and taxe of the pryces of all vsuall medicaments.

†6. to have in tax, to have laid upon one, to have in hand. to take in tax, to take to task.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]

threac897

threapc897

begripea1000

threata1000

castea1200

chaste?c1225

takec1275

blame1297

chastya1300

sniba1300

withnima1315

undernima1325

rebukec1330

snuba1340

withtakea1340

reprovec1350

chastisea1375

arate1377

challenge1377

undertake1377

reprehenda1382

repreync1390

runta1398

snapea1400

underfoc1400

to call to account1434

to put downc1440

snebc1440

uptakec1440

correptc1449

reformc1450

reprise?c1450

to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450

control1451

redarguec1475

berisp1481

to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522

checkc1530

admonish1541

nip1548

twig?1550

impreve1552

lesson1555

to take down1562

to haul (a person) over the coals1565

increpate1570

touch1570

school1573

to gather up1577

task1580

redarguate?1590

expostulate1592

tutor1599

sauce1601

snip1601

sneap1611

to take in tax1635

to sharp up1647

round1653

threapen1671

reprimand1681

to take to task1682

document1690

chapter1693

repulse1746

twink1747

to speak to ——1753

haul1795

to pull up1799

carpet1840

rig1841

to talk to1860

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

rawhide1895

to tell off1897

to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900

to get on ——1904

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

strafe1915

tick1915

woodshed1935

to slap (a person) down1938

sort1941

bind1942

bottle1946

mat1948

ream1950

zap1961

elder1967

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about > have in hand

to have in tax1635

1635 in M. Christy Voy. L. Foxe & T. James (1894) II. 422 They being pertinent to the purpose I have in taxe.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 16 May (1974) VIII. 220 Sir Edward Savage did take the said Moyer in tax about it.

Compounds

General attributive.

C1. General: attributive.

tax adviser n. (also tax advisor)

ΚΠ

1901 Sun (Baltimore) 14 Oct. 2/8 (heading) Shepard Low's Tax Adviser?

1914 State (Columbia, S. Carolina) 16 Jan. 16/1 Dr. Raper, a scholar of note, is a tax advisor to the legislature of North Carolina.

1958 B. Wilder & I. A. L. Diamond Some like it Hot (film script) (O.E.D. Archive) 141 Sugar. Oh—that kind of a merger. Is she young? Pretty? Joe. According to our tax advisers, she's only so-so.

1980 G. Greene Dr. Fischer i. 10 Among the Toads was..a tax adviser, Monsieur Belmont.

2011 Daily Tel. 10 Mar. 15/4 A trial in which he is accused of bribing his British former tax adviser is due to resume tomorrow.

tax bill n.

ΚΠ

1720 in Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. (1921) 11 Nov. II. 284 A Petition..Complaning of the Proceedings of the Court..in their Nulling Three Tax-Bills by them made..[was] Sent up.

1850 R. W. Emerson Let. 6 Mar. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 68 If a good bookseller thinks that such readings in New York will pay my taxbills and bad gardening in Concord, I shall try the experiment.

1978 W. White W. Whitman's Daybks. & Notebks. I. p. xii Tax bills, water bills, subscriptions to daily papers.

tax bracket n.

ΚΠ

1975 R. Stout Family Affair (1976) xviii. 189 I am already in an uncomfortably high tax bracket for the year and would take no jobs anyway.

tax-claim n.

ΚΠ

1899 Daily News 24 Nov. 4/7 Dr. Robert refused as Mayor to sign the tax-claims.

tax consultant n.

ΚΠ

1976 J. R. L. Anderson Redundancy Pay i. 10 He had..developed a shrewd ability as a tax consultant, particularly in the property market.

tax-defaulter n.

ΚΠ

1951 W. H. Auden Nones (1952) 28 Agents of the Fisc pursue Absconding tax-defaulters through The sewers of provincial towns.

tax dodge n. (Also as v. intransitive)

ΚΠ

1962 J. Braine Life at Top xxiii. 254 The usual tax dodge... It makes me sick to the stomach.

1972 Listener 21 Dec. 865/1 He hasn't killed himself yet... He's waiting till 5 April... Some sort of tax dodge.

1976 Morecambe Guardian 7 Dec. 17/2 With that film is ‘The Swiss Conspiracy’ which is all about people who tax dodge, and blackmail, are blackmailed, and murdered, not necessarily in that order.

tax fiddle n. colloquial

ΚΠ

1959 ‘M. Innes’ Hare sitting Up i. i. 27 Tax fiddle of some kind? I don't like that sort.

tax-law n.

ΚΠ

1960 Business Week 24 Dec. 32/2 Interest in tax havens is largely due to the fact that U.S. tax law permits a company to accumulate profits abroad tax-free.

tax-levy n.

ΚΠ

1892 G. F. X. Griffith tr. C. Fouard St. Peter 45 To exempt them from the tax levies every seventh year.

tax-master n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector

catchpoleOE

publicanc1175

tallagerc1400

leviera1513

vectigal1535

renter?1536

task-gatherer1552

exactor1570

uptaker1576

exacter1596

mise-gatherer1597

taxer1603

tax-taker1610

raiser1611

summonitor1617

summonisterc1625

riding officer1675

zamindar1683

tax-gatherer1693

desai1698

amildar1761

amil1763

collector1772

tax-master1796

tehsildar1799

taxman1803

tax-receiver1830

tax-collector1833

the taxes1874

revenuer1877

revenue1880

levyist1923

T-man1938

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 549 Plundered by collectors and tax-masters.

tax-mistress n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > woman > thing personified as

mistressa1393

mistress1509

tax-mistress1738

1738 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 193/1 [Fashion] keeps them perpetually busy in doing and undoing; and Folly is her Prime Confident and Taxmistress.

tax-money n.

ΚΠ

1610 Histrio-mastix vi. 205 Soft, sirs, I must talk with you for tax-money, To relieve the poor.

1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 77 The Parishes having Levied the Tax money,..shall return it unto the Officers of the Hundreds.

tax-paper n.

ΚΠ

1858 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1870) v. 102 The provost sends me a tax paper.

tax-rate n.

ΚΠ

1874 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. X. x. 224 In proportion to the general tax-rates.

1886 W. J. Tucker Life E. Europe 57 As long as..he is able to keep pace with his tax-rates, which..are daily becoming more exorbitant.

tax-return n.

ΚΠ

1870 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old (1875) 319 A wicked tax-return..calculated to make a man report about four times his actual income to keep from swearing to a falsehood.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xliii. 135 Persons desiring to escape taxation are apt to turn their property into these exempted forms just before they make their tax returns.

tax-revenue n.

ΚΠ

1891 G. F. X. Griffith tr. C. Fouard Christ I. 225 Engaged in farming out the tax-revenue of the provinces.

tax-system n.

tax year n.

ΚΠ

1970 Money Which? Mar. 64/3 Don't wait until the very end of the tax-year before selling shares for tax-loss purposes.

1970Tax year [see ].

1971 Money Which? Mar. 4/1 These taxes are charged for a particular year of assessment, which always starts on 6 April and ends on 5 April in the following year. This is commonly called a tax year.

b. Objective and objective genitive.

tax-assessor n.

ΚΠ

1892 Daily News 20 Feb. 6/7 Any one who has had dealings with tax assessors will not easily be convinced that they are men to be hoodwinked in this simple way.

tax-collector n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector

catchpoleOE

publicanc1175

tallagerc1400

leviera1513

vectigal1535

renter?1536

task-gatherer1552

exactor1570

uptaker1576

exacter1596

mise-gatherer1597

taxer1603

tax-taker1610

raiser1611

summonitor1617

summonisterc1625

riding officer1675

zamindar1683

tax-gatherer1693

desai1698

amildar1761

amil1763

collector1772

tax-master1796

tehsildar1799

taxman1803

tax-receiver1830

tax-collector1833

the taxes1874

revenuer1877

revenue1880

levyist1923

T-man1938

1833 J. S. Mill in Monthly Repository 7 581 These taxes..throw electioneering influence into the hands of the tax-collectors.

1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret II. ii. 22 Does she still take me for a tax-collector?

tax-controller n.

tax-dodger n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > tax-avoider

tax-dodger1876

tax-avoider1960

1876 Nation (N.Y.) 30 Mar. 202 The tax-dodger is one who, finding that the rate of taxation in Boston is too high for his means, flies..to some rural town.

1895 Westm. Gaz. 4 Sept. 2/3 What the Tax-Dodger thinks he is doing is to defraud Sir William Harcourt's successor at the Exchequer of the gains of a tyrannical impost.

tax-dodging n.

ΚΠ

1895 Westm. Gaz. 4 Sept. 2/3 [Those] who practise the gentle art of tax-dodging in this respect are in the long run defrauding their own order.

tax-extortioner n.

tax-farmer n.

tax-farming adj.

ΚΠ

1903 D. McLean Stud. Apostles x. 141 Palestine..fell under this tax-farming system.

tax-fiddler n.

ΚΠ

1961 Times 31 May 10/4 Inclined to see in every taxpayer a more or less skilful..tax-fiddler.

tax inspector n.

ΚΠ

1959 J. Wood Simple Guide for Taxpayer iii. 28 Once the form has been completed it must be sent back to the Tax Inspector who sent it out.

tax-layer n.

ΚΠ

1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 201 The tax layers and the tax payers.

tax-levying adj.

ΚΠ

1902 Westm. Gaz. 5 June 4/2 Representation in the law-making and tax-levying assembly.

tax-receiver n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector

catchpoleOE

publicanc1175

tallagerc1400

leviera1513

vectigal1535

renter?1536

task-gatherer1552

exactor1570

uptaker1576

exacter1596

mise-gatherer1597

taxer1603

tax-taker1610

raiser1611

summonitor1617

summonisterc1625

riding officer1675

zamindar1683

tax-gatherer1693

desai1698

amildar1761

amil1763

collector1772

tax-master1796

tehsildar1799

taxman1803

tax-receiver1830

tax-collector1833

the taxes1874

revenuer1877

revenue1880

levyist1923

T-man1938

1830 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Weekly Polit. Reg. 1 May 559 Your petitioners are the bees, and..the tax-receivers are the drones.

c. Instrumental.

tax-born adj.

ΚΠ

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XI xli. 123 If he found not this spawn of tax-born riches.

tax-bought adj.

ΚΠ

1833 E. Elliott Corn Law Rhymes (new ed.) 77 But ye are fat,..And fill'd with tax-bought wine.

tax-burdened adj.

ΚΠ

1904 Q. Rev. July 182 Plunging his tax-burdened people into the horrors of a sanguinary and needless war.

tax-free adj.

ΚΠ

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 209 The Fowl and Gibier are Tax free.

1917 W. S. Churchill 9 Sept. in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1977) IV. Compan. i. 156 I do not however exclude the possibilities of a special bonus, presumably tax free.

1964 A. Wykes Gambling x. 241 Tax-free prizes.

tax-laden adj.

C2. Special combinations. See also tax-cart n., tax-gatherer n., taxpayer n., etc.

tax allowance n. a sum that is to be deducted from gross income in the calculation of taxable income.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions

relief1732

concession1888

tax relief1916

tax deduction1942

tax credit1946

tax allowance1950

tax-loss1959

tax break1968

1935 Times 16 Apr. 9/3 The cost of these various amendments in income-tax allowances will amount to £10,000,000.]

1950 Economist 22 Apr. 903/2 Statisticians have allowed an increase..to reflect the increase in initial tax allowances on plant purchased from April.

a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 174 The Chancellor's only votes were gained from those who shared his male views and in particular objected to taking away money from middle-class families by tampering with their children's tax allowances.

tax avoidance n. the arrangement of financial affairs so as to reduce tax liability within the law.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance

tax avoidance1927

tax shelter1961

shelter1976

1927 Hansard Commons 4 July 961 I think that all these devices for tax avoidance ought to be stopped.

1951 L. H. Seltzer Nature & Tax Treatm. Capital Gains & Losses ii. 43 Wide openings for tax avoidance through so-called reorganization provisions were soon discovered.

1972 Accountant 28 Sept. 401/2 This amendment was designed to counteract certain tax avoidance schemes.

tax-avoider n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > tax-avoider

tax-dodger1876

tax-avoider1960

1960 Guardian 9 July 10/2 Every word of this was fascinating to all tax-payers and tax-avoiders.

tax-avoiding adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [adjective] > tax avoidance

tax-sheltered1959

tax-avoiding1980

1980 Listener 1 May 578/3 The tax-avoiding English who have arrived [on the Isle of Man] since the war.

tax bite n. U.S. colloquial a deduction in the form of tax.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun] > amount deducted for

take1933

bite1946

tax bite1954

1954 Sun (Baltimore) 26 Jan. (B ed.) 1/4 The Iowa senator called for..legislation by Congress to put a tax bite on foreign coffee traders operating in this country.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 22 May 2/4 The upshot of the committee's action is a proposal to enlarge the tax bite for some wealthy individuals and contract it for others.

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tax-bond n. U.S. a state bond receivable as taxes ( Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895).

tax-book n. a list of property subject to taxation, with the amount of the taxes.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax list or book

stent-roll1517

king's books1536

tax-roll1545

task-roll1577

task-book1624

tax-booka1640

cadastre1804

cataster1855

tax-list1898

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §76 78 So I find it in the tax-book of England.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iv. vi. 351 A certificate..that this portion had been entered in the public tax-books, for an amount of land-tax entitling the possessor to a vote.

tax break n. colloquial (originally U.S.) a tax advantage or concession allowed by government.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions

relief1732

concession1888

tax relief1916

tax deduction1942

tax credit1946

tax allowance1950

tax-loss1959

tax break1968

1968 Nation 4 Nov. 463/1 What better way to entice private enterprise than with a tax credit or some other sort of tax break?

1969 N.Y. Times 4 Sept. 6/1 Companies will not get the tax breaks they formerly got on amortization of new equipment.

1982 Economist 18 Dec. 17/2 Governments should cease to shower capital with tax breaks that artificially lower capital's price.

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tax-certificate n. U.S. a certificate given to a purchaser at a tax-sale by the authorized official, entitling the holder to a tax-deed at a certain date (Funk).

tax code n. a code number representing the tax-free part of an employee's income, assigned by tax authorities for use by employers in calculating the amount of tax to deduct under the PAYE system.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > income tax > code or schedule

schedule1803

tax code1961

1961 M. Kelly Spoilt Kill iii. 163 Writing paper, annual notice of tax code, medical card.

1976 Star (Sheffield) 3 Dec. 6/7 We have reached a ludicrous state of taxation when a man on state aid receives enough to exceed his tax allowance but this does not prove that the social security payments are too high, but rather, that wage rates, and especially tax codes are far too low.

tax credit n. a sum that can be offset against a tax liability; spec. one that results in a payment to any person whose liability is less than this sum.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions

relief1732

concession1888

tax relief1916

tax deduction1942

tax credit1946

tax allowance1950

tax-loss1959

tax break1968

1946 H. M. Groves Postwar Taxation & Econ. Progress vii. 227 This could be done readily by permitting the taxpayer [with a fluctuating income] to sum his taxes over a period of years, calculate what his tax bill would have been if his income had been distributed evenly among these years, determine the difference between the two, and claim the difference as a refund or tax credit.

1973 Guardian 24 Jan. 14 The Green Paper proposes first that most tax allowances..should be replaced by tax credits... Anyone whose tax liability was less than their tax credits would be paid the difference.

1974 Nature 10 May 103/3 A company can obtain ‘foreign tax credits’ (which can be offset against United States tax) in respect of taxes paid to foreign governments.

1980 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. 19/2 A final of 8p a share payable on April 3, makes 14.25p net against 10.15p net or 20.36p including the related tax credit compared with 15.15p.

tax-deductibility n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions > allowability as

tax-deductibility1972

1972 Accountant 5 Oct. 422/1 Many captives are established to take advantage of this tax deductibility of insurance reserves.

tax-deductible adj. allowable as a tax deduction.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [adjective] > allowable as deduction

deductible1894

tax-deductible1954

1954 I. Levin Kiss before Dying ii. ii. 89 We are..beginning the construction of a new gymnasium... Perhaps your father would be interested in making a contribution... Such contributions are tax-deductible.

1965 Listener 17 June 899/3 The all-in price for a London plane tree, including maintenance, is £40—not exactly cheap, but it is tax-deductible.

1977 D. Anthony Stud Game vii. 45 Most of Grant's calls were on business, tax-deductible items.

tax deduction n. chiefly U.S. an expense that can be deducted from gross income in calculating taxable income.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions

relief1732

concession1888

tax relief1916

tax deduction1942

tax credit1946

tax allowance1950

tax-loss1959

tax break1968

1942 F. W. Marshall Legitimate Deductions vi. 40 In enacting provision for income tax deductions, Congress is only interested in determining what part of a company's [or person's] gross income it believes should be treated as net income for the purpose of income taxation.

1971 ‘O. Bleeck’ Thief who painted Sunlight (1972) xiv. 122 He can contribute fifty percent of his income each year and claim it as a tax deduction.

1979 Guardian 5 July 3/4 The tax deduction for having a company car is a tiny fraction of its real value.

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tax-deed n. U.S. a conveyance made and delivered by the authorized official to a purchaser of land at a tax-sale ( Cent. Dict. 1891).

tax disc n. a circular label displayed in the window of a motor vehicle showing the date up to which motor vehicle excise duty has been paid.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > disc on car indicating duty paid

tax disc1972

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > tax disc

tax disc1972

1972 Times 3 Oct. 2/8 (heading) ‘Scrap tax discs’ call.

tax dollar n. U.S. a dollar paid as tax.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun] > dollar paid as

tax dollar1976

1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 17 June 2- e/1 The fate of a plan to use tax dollars to improve off-street parking in downtown Bozeman will be decided July 7.

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tax-duplicate n. U.S. a duplicate record of all tax-assessments, furnished to a tax-collector ( Funk).

tax-eater n. one who is supported from the public revenue.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > poor person in receipt of relief

almsmanOE

beadsman?1529

almswoman1584

relievant1589

almsbasket mana1634

basket-scrambler1647

pensioner1690

pensionary1753

in-pensioner1761

pauper1775

tax-eater1818

colleger1886

soup-kitchener1907

reliefer1934

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun]

officera1450

lancepesade1579

military1709

tax-eater1818

two-striper1917

chiefy1942

pongo1943

scrambled egg(s)1943

Percy1961

1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 350 If you were to see one of my sons now becoming a tax-eater, as a commissioned officer in the army.

1965 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 12 Aug. (1970) 310 We hope for fewer dropouts thirteen years from now, for children able to grow up with a prospect of being responsible citizens, taxpayers, not tax-eaters.

tax-eating n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poverty with dependence on public relief

pauperism1807

tax-eating1817

poorhouse1821

pauperage1831

pauperdom1833

the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > poor and receiving relief

relieved1618

eleemosynary1654

alimentary1728

tax-eating1817

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [adjective] > being supported by public revenue

tax-eating1817

1817 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 4 Jan. 26 Who look upon the poor as rivals in the work of tax-eating.

1822 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 7 Dec. 585 Some one of the tax-eating crew had..called me an ‘incendiary’.

1936 Sun (Baltimore) 30 Jan. 1/1 The time has come for a direct attack on the attempt at Washington to substitute a tax-eating bureaucracy for a liberal democratic system.

tax-evader n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > tax evasion > one guilty of

tax-evader1927

ghost1982

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion > tax-evader

tax-evader1927

skimmer1970

ghost1982

1927 Hansard Commons 4 July 955 What is to be done with the tax evader meanwhile?

1960 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Sept. 589/1 These days of tax-evader farmers and snobocratic huntsmen.

tax-evading n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > tax evasion

tax evasion1922

tax-evading1971

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion

tax evasion1922

skimming1966

tax-evading1971

skim money1973

1971 ‘G. Black’ Time for Pirates iv. 78 If this deal went all right..the Hydes could be on their tax-evading boat in a couple of years.

tax evasion n. originally U.S. the reduction of tax payments by misstatement of income or other illegal means.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > tax evasion

tax evasion1922

tax-evading1971

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion

tax evasion1922

skimming1966

tax-evading1971

skim money1973

1922 Hansard Commons 27 June 1920 That type of company must be perfectly well identifiable when it is seen. You notice the stigmata of tax evasion about it when you see it, not in the mere registration, but in the conduct and carrying on of its business.

1977 C. A. B. Warren & B. Ponse in J. D. Douglas & J. M. Johnson Existential Sociol. x. 277 It is stigmatized..in the courts of law..and (unlike tax evasion) it is stigmatized morally in the courts of public opinion.

tax-exempt adj. and n. (a) adj. free from a liability to be taxed; (b) n. a tax-exempt security.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [adjective] > free of tax or exempt

untaxed1464

taxlessa1618

untaxable1648

untaxed1846

unscotted1865

tax-exempt1925

sheltered1955

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > exemption from taxes > that which is exempt

free food1903

tax-exempt1925

1925 Contemp. Rev. June 703 He has a deep resentment against their taking refuge in tax-exempt securities.

1933 Business Week 22 Feb. 4/1 Elimination of tax exempts is the object of an amendment to the Constitution offered by Senator Hull of Tennessee.

1966 Economist 30 Mar. 78/3 These industrial bonds..have so dogged the market as to increase all borrowing costs for tax-exempts.

1977 New Yorker 19 Sept. 27/2 One way to do this is to float a municipal-bond issue, which traditionally pays tax-exempt interest.

1978 G. Vidal Kalki v. 117 Any bona fide religion is tax-exempt in the United States.

tax exemption n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > exemption from taxes

kirset14..

pardon1444

charter-exemption1775

tax exemption1927

1927 A. L. Bowley & J. C. Stamp National Income 1924 v. 42 Incomes above the tax-exemption limit.

1975 N.Y. Times 28 Nov. 37/4 One example of the use of incentives to attract investment is the tax-exemption on municipal bond income.

tax exile n. one who lives in a country chosen for its lower taxes on personal income; the state of doing this.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > [noun] > a country with lower taxes on personal income

tax exile1969

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > one who lives in country with lower taxes

tax exile1969

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > country attractive because of low taxes > one who lives in

tax exile1969

1969 Manch. Guardian Weekly 22 Nov. 11 Has Anthony Grey..joined the ranks of the tax exiles?

1978 J. R. L. Anderson Death in Greenhouse ii. 27 Neither of us was attracted by the prospect of living in tax-exile.

tax haven n. a country that attracts companies or individuals by its low taxes.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > country attractive because of low taxes

tax haven1960

1960 Business Week 24 Dec. 32/2 Interest in tax havens is largely due to the fact that U.S. tax law permits a company to accumulate profits abroad tax-free.

1973 Times 18 May 29/6 The Briton wanting to minimize his taxes through getting paid in a tax haven.

tax holiday n. colloquial a period of tax exemption or tax reduction, esp. one of fixed duration.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > exemption from taxes > period of exemption or reduction

tax holiday1950

1950 Times 24 Apr. 5/7 The stimulation of enterprise is essentially best organized on a regional footing. At present it is undertaken with varying determination by different colonies. Some grant free import of capital equipment and ‘tax holidays’ for pioneer industries.

1977 Time 10 Oct. 60/1 Haughey's notion of a permanent tax holiday for artists has at least stopped the drain of home-grown talent.

1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 224/2 There was firstly a three-year tax holiday followed by a period allowing accelerated depreciation and gradually increasing rates of tax.

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tax-lien n. U.S. the lien held by the state on property subject to taxation, which has priority over all other claims (Funk).

tax-list n. = tax-book n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax list or book

stent-roll1517

king's books1536

tax-roll1545

task-roll1577

task-book1624

tax-booka1640

cadastre1804

cataster1855

tax-list1898

1898 F. I. Antrobus tr. L. Pastor Hist. Popes VI. 91 The tax-list..has been preserved, and is interesting.

tax-loss n. a loss that can be offset against taxable profit earned elsewhere or in a different period; also transferred and attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions

relief1732

concession1888

tax relief1916

tax deduction1942

tax credit1946

tax allowance1950

tax-loss1959

tax break1968

1959 Times 24 Dec. 7/4 (heading) Tax-loss farming.

1959 Times 24 Dec. 7/4 Sir,—The so-called tax-loss farmer is generally speaking a man who carries on two businesses, one profitable and the other unprofitable. As a matter of taxation machinery he pays tax in respect of his profitable business and afterwards claims a refund of tax in respect of his unprofitable farming business.

1965 I. Fleming Man with Golden Gun vii. 100 Others would want to buy in..cheaply, and use it [sc. a hotel] as a tax-loss to set against more profitable enterprises elsewhere.

1975 Times 14 Jan. 12/6 (advt.) Wanted. Large run-down school... High tax losses an inducement to purchase.

taxman n. a tax-collector; also, an inspector of taxes or similar official; (with the) the Board of Inland Revenue, personified.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector

catchpoleOE

publicanc1175

tallagerc1400

leviera1513

vectigal1535

renter?1536

task-gatherer1552

exactor1570

uptaker1576

exacter1596

mise-gatherer1597

taxer1603

tax-taker1610

raiser1611

summonitor1617

summonisterc1625

riding officer1675

zamindar1683

tax-gatherer1693

desai1698

amildar1761

amil1763

collector1772

tax-master1796

tehsildar1799

taxman1803

tax-receiver1830

tax-collector1833

the taxes1874

revenuer1877

revenue1880

levyist1923

T-man1938

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > department which collects national taxes

revenue1657

taxman1968

1803 G. Colman John Bull i. i. 4 She had disgraced her family by marrying herself to a Tax-man.

1830 A. E. Bray Talba I. x. 279 The griping taxman, and the conquered and taxed Moor.

1891 R. Dowling Isle of Surrey 21 The taxman and the gasman and the waterman.

1968 Guardian 22 June 5/5 I don't know what the taxman would say if you tried to get that as an expense allowance.

1970 Money Which? Mar. 43/2 You are allowed free of tax..family allowances, most pensions and some other social security benefits. The taxman views all these as earned income.

tax point n. the date upon which value added tax becomes chargeable in any particular transaction.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > value added tax > date when chargeable

tax point1972

1972 Accountant 21 Sept. 369/2 It might be of interest..to mention the special rule for the tax point of barristers' services.

tax relief n. remission of income tax due on a proportion of earned income; cf. relief n.² 8.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions

relief1732

concession1888

tax relief1916

tax deduction1942

tax credit1946

tax allowance1950

tax-loss1959

tax break1968

1916 Act 6 & 7 Geo. V c. 24 §37 Income tax relief on war insurance premiums.

1931 Economist 28 Feb. 456/2 A resident British holder of ‘Kaffirs’ is subject to income tax on dividends at the full rate of British tax (4s. 6d. in the £), less Dominion tax relief (at present 2s. 3d., namely, half the British rate). He is thus liable at the ‘reliefed’ rate of 2s. 3d.

1980 Times 9 Aug. 16/4 I have been offered remortgage, but my accountant says it will not qualify for tax relief.

tax-roll n. = tax-book n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax list or book

stent-roll1517

king's books1536

tax-roll1545

task-roll1577

task-book1624

tax-booka1640

cadastre1804

cataster1855

tax-list1898

1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 21 To bring in with him the taxt roll.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 399 In Campania..Honorius was compelled in the year 395 to expunge from the tax-roll, as become utterly waste, more than three hundred thousand acres of land.

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tax-sale n. U.S. a sale of the property of a delinquent taxpayer, made in order to defray the taxes due by him ( Cent. Dict.).

tax shelter n. an opportunity for incurring expenses so that they can be used to reduce tax liability.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance

tax avoidance1927

tax shelter1961

shelter1976

1961 Guardian 20 Feb. 16/7 If all the tax shelters were eliminated..the income tax yield would be increased by a third.

1982 Financial Times 13 Mar. 14/3 Investors will be seeking to use up the effective tax shelter offered by an appreciation of their assets each year in line with inflation.

tax-sheltered adj. providing such an opportunity.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [adjective] > tax avoidance

tax-sheltered1959

tax-avoiding1980

1959 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 21 (advt.) Tax-sheltered investment.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 17 Jan. 9/6 And how to defer income tax on the interest you get. Plans that offer marvelous tax-sheltered advantages.

tax threshold n. the level of income at which tax begins to be payable.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > liability to taxation > point at which tax becomes payable

threshold1914

tax threshold1976

1976 F. Zweig New Acquisitive Society ii. iv. 108 The tax thresholds in real terms have been substantially lowered over the years.

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tax-title n. U.S. the title conveyed to the purchaser of property sold for taxes (Funk).

Draft additions December 2006

tax preparer n. North American Accounting a person or company employed to complete the annual tax return of another.

ΚΠ

1963 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 11 Dec. 31/4 (advt.) Male, female help wntd... A tax preparer experienced in individual income tax work.

1967 Daily Times (Salisbury, Maryland) 27 Feb. 4/3 Then there are the tax preparers, part-timers generally, who operate in variety stores, gasoline stations, hardware stores or wherever else they can hang a sign for a few weeks before April 15.

2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 17 Mar. g15 Proportion of Canadians who use professional tax preparers: More than 30 per cent.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

taxv.

Brit.

/taks/, U.S.

/tæks/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s taxe.

Etymology: apparently < Old French taxe-r (13th cent. in Littré), < Latin taxāre to censure, charge, tax with a fault; to rate, value, reckon, compute (at so much), make a valuation of; in medieval Latin also to impose a tax. The inherited form was Old French tausser, taucer (later, by assimilation, tauxer), Italian tassare, Spanish tasar, Portuguese taxar. Senses 1, 3, 6 are all in French.

I. Senses relating to the levying of tax.

1. To estimate or determine the amount of (a tallage, fine, penalty, damages, etc.); to assess; rarely, to impose, levy (a tax); also, to settle the price or value of. Obsolete except in Law, to assess (costs). Const. †to (the amount).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)]

taxc1290

araisec1386

levy1388

raise1389

cess1495

fine1570

cut1596

impose1600

680 K. Cædualla Grant in Earle Land-Charters 281 Hanc libertatem sub estimatione LXX tributariorum taxauimus.]

c1290 Beket 397 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 118 A taillage þov taxt fram ȝer to ȝer þoruȝ-out al þi londe.

1314–15 Rolls of Parl. I. 290/2 La partie serra atteynt du trespas..& les damages taxes a la volunte son adversair.]

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 271 Þe chirches of Engelond were i-taxed to þe verray value [L. secundum valorem taxatæ sunt].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27321 [To] knau þe circumstances o þe plight, For to tax þe penance right.

1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 9 Þe damages..were taxed to cxx li.

1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 15 Fines and amerciamentes affiered, taxed, sette, extreted, or judged.

1551 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 207 Taxable..to suche taxe and tallenge as shall be uppon hym taxed and sessyd.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Taxe damages in sute, æstimare litem.

1592 Acts Court Requests 97 The costs to be taxed to the vttermost charge approved due.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xxiv. 400 These costs on both sides are taxed and moderated by the..proper officer of the court.

1885 Daily Tel. 24 Dec. (Cassell) A returning officer, whose bill of costs has been taxed on the application of the candidates.

†2.

a. To impose, ordain, prescribe (a thing) to a person; also, to order (a person) to or to do something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > impose

setc888

layOE

to lay on11..

enjoin?c1225

join1303

adjoina1325

cark1330

taxa1375

puta1382

impose1581

aggravate1583

fasten1585

clap1609

levy1863

octroy1865

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > force or impose something upon

to lay on11..

join1303

taxa1375

intruse?a1500

oversetc1500

beforcec1555

impose1581

threap1582

fasten1585

intrude1592

thrust1597

enforcea1616

forcea1616

entail1670

top1682

trump1694

push1723

coerce1790

press1797

inflict1809

levy1863

octroy1865

wish1915

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5124 Loke..þat neuer þe pore porayle be piled for þi sake, ne taxed to taliage.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 147 To the knyht this lawe he taxeth, That he shall gon and come ayein [etc.].

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 287 Such a Statut thanne he sette, And in this wise his lawe taxeth.

c1450 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols, & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 79/249 [Fortune] as her-self liste ordre & devise, Doth euery man his parte devide & taxe.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 210 We taxe you to pay to this noble pucelle all such dommages that she hath had at your cause.

1814 W. Scott Diary 6 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. iv. 152 The islanders retort, that a man can do no more than he can; that they are not used to be taxed to their work so severely.

†b. To settle, fix, determine the extent of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measure [verb (transitive)] > fix the measure or amount of

tax1390

dimensionate14..

commensurate1646

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 223 Whan Salomon his bone hath taxed, The god of that which he hath axed Was riht wel paid.

a. To impose a tax upon; to subject to taxation. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > tax (a person or thing)

layc1330

tailc1330

taxc1330

scot1432

patise1436

sess1465

task1483

assessa1513

cessa1513

lot1543

toust1565

imposea1618

talliate1762

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 247 Þe dettes þat men þam auht, þer stedes & þer wonyng, Wer taxed & bitauht to þe eschete of þe kyng.

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 342 For oon mai seie þat..he [the Pope] haþ power singuler to taxe gracis, as him likiþ.

1453 Rolls of Parl. V. 233/1 Rightfully charged or taxed to the Dismes.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccclx It shalbe lawfull for euery Magistrate to taxe y^e people for y^e same cause.

1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth xviii. f. 64 The people of the Countrie..beyng taxed and pilled so often as hee thinketh good.

1627 Sir E. Coke in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 501 The King cannot tax any by way of Loans.

1657 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 214 The same Ley..being unduly taxed.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 429 In the Venetian territory all the arable lands which are given in lease to farmers are taxed at a tenth of the rent.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 351 It was in the same reign that there was settled the right of the people to be taxed entirely by their representatives.

b. to tax into or out of some state.

ΚΠ

1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 70 Proposals have been made..to tax the landlords out of existence.

4. figurative. To burden; to make serious demands upon; to put a strain on.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)]

wearyc897

tirea1000

travailc1300

forwearya1325

taryc1375

tarc1440

matec1450

break1483

labour1496

overwearya1500

wear?1507

to wear out, forth1525

fatigate1535

stress1540

overtire1558

forwaste1563

to tire out1563

overwear1578

spend1582

out-tire1596

outwear1596

outweary1596

overspend1596

to toil out1596

attediate1603

bejade1620

lassate1623

harassa1626

overtask1628

tax1672

hag1674

trash1685

hatter1687

overtax1692

fatigue1693

to knock up1740

tire to death1740

overfatigue1741

fag1774

outdo1776

to do over1789

to use up1790

jade1798

overdo1817

frazzlea1825

worry1828

to sew up1837

to wear to death1840

to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847

gruel1850

to stump up1853

exhaust1860

finish1864

peter1869

knacker1886

grind1887

tew1893

crease1925

poop1931

raddle1951

the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > make difficult > make excessive demands or put strain on

strain1609

taska1616

tax1672

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > put the limbs or faculties to abnormal exertion

swinkc1300

strain1446

stress1540

to put, set, place, etc. on the rack1599

taska1616

tax1672

force1825

1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 51 Some Critical People, who will..tax up an old-wife's fable to the punctuality of History.

1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. f2 What had become of me, if Virgil had tax'd me with another Book?

1772 H. Mackenzie Man of World ii. v I have no right to tax you with my sorrows.

1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram I. i. x. 155 We will not tax the patience of the reader.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxvi. 325 My ingenuity was often taxed for expedients.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iii. xxvi. 167 Most men are afraid of being bored or taxed by a wife's family.

5. U.S. (esp. New England) colloquial. To price (a thing at so much); to charge (a person so much for a thing).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > a person

spend1590

debit1682

tax1846

to chargea1889

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of)

loveOE

prizea1325

setc1420

make1423

cheapa1464

price1471

ratify1511

to set up?1529

apprize1533

rate1599

to set down1599

pitch1624

tax1846

to charge1889

sale-price1959

1846–7 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers 218 (Bartl.) In trading with the clergy [he] only taxed his goods at half price.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) (at cited word) ‘What will you tax me a yard for this cloth?’

1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms (at cited word) An everyday colloquialism is ‘What will you tax me?’

II. Senses relating to censure or reproval.

a. To censure; to reprove, blame (a person, his action, etc.); to accuse, charge; to take to task, call to account.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > dispraise or discommend [verb (transitive)] > censure or condemn

bidemea1200

convictc1366

reprovea1382

damnc1386

condemna1400

deema1400

saya1400

judgec1400

reprehendc1400

reproacha1475

reprobate?a1475

arguec1475

controlc1525

twit1543

perstringe1549

tax1569

traduce1581

carp1591

censure1605

convince?1606

syndic1609

syndicate1610

to check at1642

reprimand1660

impeach1813

to stroke over1822

1569 Ld. Cecil Let. in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. liii. 532 To think of us as our evil willers are disposed..to tax us.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xi. 20 Another kind of Poet, who intended to taxe the common abuses and vice of the people in rough and bitter speaches.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta i. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkkk/2 If any therefore can their manners tax..Let 'em speak now.

1692 J. Dryden Cleomenes ii. ii. 17 I have been to blame; And you have justly tax'd my long neglect.

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 34 Fear most to tax an Honourable Fool, Whose Right it is, uncensur'd to be dull.

1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 12 (note) That Chronicle..which seems to tax the envy and rapaciousness of Clarence as the Causes of the dissention.

a1806 S. Horsley Serm. (1816) II. xvi. 39 Eve..taxes the serpent as her seducer.

1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab v. 96 I was next taxed, and replied that [etc.].

b. Const. †for, of (now rare), with (now usual); †also infinitive and object clause (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)]

edwitec825

witec893

accuseOE

bespeaka1000

forwrayOE

atwiteOE

blamea1300

impugn1377

publishc1384

defamea1387

appeach1430

becryc1440

surmisea1485

arguea1522

infame1531

insimulate1532

note1542

tax1548

resperse1551

finger-point1563

chesoun1568

touch1570

disclaim1590

impeach1590

intent1613

question1620

accriminate1641

charge1785

cheek1877

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (transitive)]

accuseOE

witea1000

blamec1200

lastc1225

awreakc1275

friec1300

lack1340

impugn1377

aretc1386

default1489

remord1522

culpate1548

tax1548

finger-point1563

witen1589

attask1608

refounda1653

thank1667

bumble1675

to take to task1682

twitter1749

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. E viij Apertly to tax their goouernour w^t y^e note of dissimulacion.

1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 82 Thy lippes..so modest as nere taxt of sinne.

1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1375 All the world would taxe him to haue violated the law of nations.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 159 I know I shall bee taxed for writing so much of my selfe.

1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. B8 Taxing him to be an usurper and an unjust Tyrant.

1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour iii. ii. 31 None shall tax me with base perjury.

1697 K. Chetwood Pref. to Pastorals in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ****1^v A Celebrated French Writer taxes him for permitting Æneas to do nothing without the assistance of some God.

1703 tr. A. de Courtin Treat. Honour vii, in tr. A. de Courtin Rules Civility (rev. ed.) 262 A Magistrate..has been taxed, that instead of Administring Justice fairly, he sells it to the highest Bidder.

1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 437 Tax not..Of rage, or folly, my prophetic mind.

1777 [see sense 7].

1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. iii I do not mean to tax Rhoda with falsehood.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 322 Chants which an after-time shall tax of vanity never.

†c. absol. To censure, find fault. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (intransitive)]

to say black is a person's eye (also eyebrow, nail, etc.)a1450

remord1522

tax1589

finger-point1959

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xv. 26 In those dayes when the Poets first taxed by Satyre and Comedy, there was [etc.].

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy Democritus to Rdr. 4 I did sometime laugh and scoffe with Lucian, and Satyrically taxe with Menippus.

†7. To call in question; to challenge, dispute (a statement, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > protest against [verb (transitive)]

biremec1200

to cry against ——1382

to cry outc1385

reclaimc1449

reclaim1566

to exclaim at, on, upon1583

to exclaim against1594

to cry on ——1609

disentreat1611

tax1614

deprecatea1643

to make a noise about1668

protest1887

the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (transitive)] > dispute or call in question

traversea1325

challengec1386

disputea1535

quarrel1548

contestate?1572

to controverse in question1602

question1613

tax1614

contest1663

to call upon ——1746

1614 Sir R. Dudley in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 8 In all wherin my honour nor honestye may not be taxed.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 24 Prone to taxe Gods wisedom, and call him to our barre.

1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xii. 152 If..any person will tax my opinions..I shall tax him with great stupidity.

III. Senses relating to enrolment.

†8. Used to render Greek ἀπογράϕειν, to enter in a list, to register, enroll, enter in a list or statement of property. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > enter on tax-list

tax1526

list1658

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke ii. f. lxxiiij^v And every man went in to his awne shyre toune, there to be taxed.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke ii. f. lxxiiij^v And Joseph also ascended from Galile..in to a cite of David, which is called bethleem..to be taxed.

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Luke ii. 1 Ther went oute a commaundment from Auguste the Emperour, that all the woorlde shuld be taxed [1526 shulde be valued; L. describeretur; Wyclif schuld be discryued; Geneva, 1611 taxed; Rheims, 1881 (R.V.) enrolled].

Draft additions July 2002

intransitive. Politics (originally U.S.). to tax and spend: to increase or collect taxes for the purpose of increasing public spending; to pursue a policy of tax-and-spend. Cf. tax-and-spend n. and adj.The collocation of the two verbs was perhaps strengthened by the alleged declaration of H. L. Hopkins in quot. 1938.

ΚΠ

1928 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 22 662 Their theory holds the bolder implications of fiscal reform through taxing and spending.

1936 D. G. Yorkey in Cornell Law Q. June 630 (title) Validity of agricultural adjustment act: extent of congressional power to tax and spend for the general welfare.

1938 A. Krock in N.Y. Times 13 Nov. iv. 3/2 Administrator Harry L. Hopkins became the spokesman to a group at the Yonkers (not Saratoga) racetrack: ‘We will spend and spend, tax and tax, elect and elect.’]

1969 H. Holloway Polit. Southern Negro iii. 45 Some even condemned Mississippi Democrats..as ‘populistic’ in their willingness to tax and spend.

1999 Independent 1 July ii. 3/1 Those most unashamed of taxing and spending among the Liberal Democrats happen also to be those least keen on co-operation with New Labour.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tax
释义	taxn.¹ Brit. /taks/, U.S. /tæks/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s taxe, ScottishMiddle English–1600s taxt (1500s taxte). Etymology: apparently < tax v. Appears earlier than French taxe (1405 in Godefroy Compl.; rare before 16th cent.), < taxer verb; also earlier than medieval Latin taxa in Du Cange. In Middle English, taxe and taske , task n., were at first almost synonymous; but in their sense-development they were differentiated, tax following that of the corresponding verb, as an assessed money payment. 1. a. A compulsory contribution to the support of government, levied on persons, property, income, commodities, transactions, etc., now at fixed rates, mostly proportional to the amount on which the contribution is levied.‘Tax’ is the most inclusive term for these contributions, esp. when spoken of as the matter of taxation, and in such phrases as direct tax and indirect tax (see direct adj. 6e, indirect adj. 2c), including also similar levies for the support of the work of such local or specific bodies as county or municipal, councils, poor law or school boards, etc. But in British practice few of the individual imposts are called by the name, the most notable being the income-tax n., land-tax n., and property tax n. at property n. Compounds 3 (also dog tax n., match-tax, window tax n.), the rest being mostly styled ‘duties’, as excise, import, export, estate, house, stamp, death duties, etc. The ‘taxes’ levied by local bodies are usually called ‘rates’, e.g. borough, county, poor, school, water rate, etc. In U.S. ‘tax’ is more generally applied in ordinary language to every federal, state, or local exaction of this kind: cf. the combinations in senses Compounds 1, Compounds 2.† to pay double taxes (quot. 1759), i.e. to have two residences on which the assessed taxes were paid. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun] tacka1300 taxa1327 tail1340 stent138. emption1467 duty1474 stint1485 teamc1485 liverage1544 stipend1545 toust1574 sess1579 cut1634 censure1641 gild1656 leviation1681 levation1690 a1327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 151 Mo then ten sithen told y my tax. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 247 Þe lerid & þe lay granted þat þei said, & assigned a day, þat taxe to be laid. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 298 Oure clergie schal paie no subsidie ne taxe. c1420 Brut 382 Þere was grawnted vnto þe King, to maynetayne his warres, bothe of spiritualte & temporalte, an hole taxe and a dyme. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5537 Taxe geteth he noon of Perse lond. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxlix Kyng Iohan..let arere an huge taxe thurgh oute all englond, that is to say xxxv. M. marc. 1483 Cath. Angl. 378/2 A Taxe, tallagium. 1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 129 Lettrez to Dunde, Perth [etc.] to inbring thair taxtis for furnesing of wageouris. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings ix. 15 The summe of the taxe, that kynge Salomon raysed to the buyldinge of the house of the Lorde. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Taxe or subsidye graunted. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Sss2 Task, aliâs Taxe,..is such a kinde of tribute, as being certainly rated vpon euery towne, was wont to be yearely paide... Now is it not paide, but by consent giuen in Parlament, as the Subsidie is. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xx. 106 Men ought to pay such taxes as are by Kings imposed. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 344 A tax on German linen encourages home manufactures. 1759 W. H. Dilworth Life of Pope 116 Pope..was able to pay double taxes, and lived like a man in a genteel independance. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. viii. 308 The land tax, in it's modern shape, has superseded all the former methods of rating either property, or persons in respect of their property. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 422 (heading) Of Taxes. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 476 A direct tax upon the wages of labour,..though the labourer might perhaps pay it out of his hand, could not properly be said to be even advanced by him. 1801 A. Hamilton Addr. to Electors N.Y. 21 There is perhaps no item in the catalogue of our taxes, which has been more unpopular than that which is called the direct tax. 1840 McCulloch in Encycl. Brit. XXI. 95 A tax may be either direct or indirect. It is said to be direct when it is immediately taken from income or capital; and indirect when it is taken from them by making their owners pay for liberty to use certain articles, or to exercise certain privileges. 1846 (title) The local taxes of the United Kingdom. 1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. xvi. §97. 129 In England the taxes amount to something like ten per cent., or one pound in every ten pounds. †b. The rate at which anything is charged. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > charges > [noun] > as calculated pro rata tax1455 rate1526 block rate1909 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 308/2 Eny Dismes or Subsidies..aftir the taxe or quantite of an hole Disme. c. the taxes n. colloquial the tax-collector. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector catchpoleOE publicanc1175 tallagerc1400 leviera1513 vectigal1535 renter?1536 task-gatherer1552 exactor1570 uptaker1576 exacter1596 mise-gatherer1597 taxer1603 tax-taker1610 raiser1611 summonitor1617 summonisterc1625 riding officer1675 zamindar1683 tax-gatherer1693 desai1698 amildar1761 amil1763 collector1772 tax-master1796 tehsildar1799 taxman1803 tax-receiver1830 tax-collector1833 the taxes1874 revenuer1877 revenue1880 levyist1923 T-man1938 1874 W. S. Gilbert Charity 111 Nobody calls on him except the taxes. 1888 R. L. Stevenson Pop. Authors 11 Even the Rates and Taxes..have actually read your tales. 2. figurative. Something compared to a tax in its incidence, obligation, or burdensomeness; an oppressive or burdensome charge, obligation, or duty; a burden, strain, heavy demand. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > burdensomeness > a burden burdenc971 chargec1300 packa1325 burnc1375 fardelc1380 weightc1380 carriagea1556 load1600 taxa1628 overpoise1697 dead weight1720 backload1725 millstone1787 tin kettle1796 nightmare-weight1847 ball and chain1855 a1628 F. Greville Let. to Hon. Lady iv, in Certaine Wks. (1633) 277 When Nature..foresaw this distresse, or taxe, like to fall vpon her freedome. 1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 93 Sleep, that great Tax and Custom of Nature upon the Life of Man. 1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 85. ⁋1 To suffer scandal..is the tax which every person of merit pays to the publick. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xix. 313 A young beginner has such a tax upon him before he begins, that he must sink perhaps..half..his stock, in painting and gilding, wainscoting and glazing, before he..can open his shop. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xv. 224 You great men must pay a tax for your dignity. I am going to disturb you. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. i. §8 The greatness of the question..justifies even a heavier tax on the reader's attention. †3. = task n. 2a, 2b Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > piece of work or task > allotted or imposed tax1390 taska1400 stint1533 society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] > a duty or moral necessity > a charge, trust, or duty > imposed on one tax1390 taska1400 enjoint1413 penalty1601 enjoinder1894 society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework lesson?c1225 renderc1380 vulgars1520 practicec1541 theme1545 example1562 tax1564 repetition1579 exercise1612 praxis1612 recreation1633 pensum1667 vacation-exercisea1668 version1711 task1737 thesisa1774 dictation1789 challenging1825 holiday task1827 devoir1849 homework1852 vulgus1857 cram-book1858 rep1858 banco1862 prep1866 classwork1867 preparation1875 work card1878 vacation-task1904 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 94 ‘I bidde nevere a betre taxe’ Quod sche, ‘bot ferst, er thou be sped, Thou schalt me leve such a wedd, That [etc.]’. 1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) Ld. Hastynges sig. O.i A certayne taxe assygnd they have To shyne, and tymes divyde. 1564 Advertmts. in E. Cardwell Documentary Ann. Church Eng. (1839) I. 294 The archedeacon shall appoynte the curates to certaine taxes of the Newe Testamente to bee conde without booke. And at theire nexte synode to exact a rehearsall of them. †4. The action or an act of taxing or charging a person with some offence; a charge, accusation; censure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] acoupementc1300 accusinga1350 impeachment1387 accusementa1393 accusation?c1400 witingc1449 charge1477 impetition1530 threap1538 imputationa1586 deposition1587 impeach1591 insimulation1592 accusal1594 arraignment1595 taxation1605 arguing1611 tax1613 impositiona1616 tainture1621 incusation1623 touchinga1625 aggravation1626 accrimination1655 compellation1656 imputea1657 inculpation1798 finger-pointing1851 j'accuse1899 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle Prol. sig. B2^v Flye farre from hence All priuate taxes, immodest phrases, What ere may but shew like vicious. 1621 T. Venner Treat. Tobacco in Via Recta (1637) 354 They shall not passe without my tax. 1634 T. Jackson Knowledg of Christ Jesus vii. xiv. §6 It was not a prophecy but a sharp reproof or tax. 1642 Declar. Lords & Com. 7 Nov. 4 After many high taxes of Us and Our Government. †5. A price-list, tariff. [So French taxe.] Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > price-list rate book1579 price current1614 tax1625 tariffa1751 price list1795 1625 W. Gordon (title) Pharmaco-Pinax, or a table and taxe of the pryces of all vsuall medicaments. †6. to have in tax, to have laid upon one, to have in hand. to take in tax, to take to task. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] threac897 threapc897 begripea1000 threata1000 castea1200 chaste?c1225 takec1275 blame1297 chastya1300 sniba1300 withnima1315 undernima1325 rebukec1330 snuba1340 withtakea1340 reprovec1350 chastisea1375 arate1377 challenge1377 undertake1377 reprehenda1382 repreync1390 runta1398 snapea1400 underfoc1400 to call to account1434 to put downc1440 snebc1440 uptakec1440 correptc1449 reformc1450 reprise?c1450 to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450 control1451 redarguec1475 berisp1481 to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522 checkc1530 admonish1541 nip1548 twig?1550 impreve1552 lesson1555 to take down1562 to haul (a person) over the coals1565 increpate1570 touch1570 school1573 to gather up1577 task1580 redarguate?1590 expostulate1592 tutor1599 sauce1601 snip1601 sneap1611 to take in tax1635 to sharp up1647 round1653 threapen1671 reprimand1681 to take to task1682 document1690 chapter1693 repulse1746 twink1747 to speak to ——1753 haul1795 to pull up1799 carpet1840 rig1841 to talk to1860 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 rawhide1895 to tell off1897 to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900 to get on ——1904 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 strafe1915 tick1915 woodshed1935 to slap (a person) down1938 sort1941 bind1942 bottle1946 mat1948 ream1950 zap1961 elder1967 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about > have in hand to have in tax1635 1635 in M. Christy Voy. L. Foxe & T. James (1894) II. 422 They being pertinent to the purpose I have in taxe. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 16 May (1974) VIII. 220 Sir Edward Savage did take the said Moyer in tax about it. Compounds General attributive. C1. General: attributive. a. tax adviser n. (also tax advisor) ΚΠ 1901 Sun (Baltimore) 14 Oct. 2/8 (heading) Shepard Low's Tax Adviser? 1914 State (Columbia, S. Carolina) 16 Jan. 16/1 Dr. Raper, a scholar of note, is a tax advisor to the legislature of North Carolina. 1958 B. Wilder & I. A. L. Diamond Some like it Hot (film script) (O.E.D. Archive) 141 Sugar. Oh—that kind of a merger. Is she young? Pretty? Joe. According to our tax advisers, she's only so-so. 1980 G. Greene Dr. Fischer i. 10 Among the Toads was..a tax adviser, Monsieur Belmont. 2011 Daily Tel. 10 Mar. 15/4 A trial in which he is accused of bribing his British former tax adviser is due to resume tomorrow. tax bill n. ΚΠ 1720 in Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. (1921) 11 Nov. II. 284 A Petition..Complaning of the Proceedings of the Court..in their Nulling Three Tax-Bills by them made..[was] Sent up. 1850 R. W. Emerson Let. 6 Mar. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) I. 68 If a good bookseller thinks that such readings in New York will pay my taxbills and bad gardening in Concord, I shall try the experiment. 1978 W. White W. Whitman's Daybks. & Notebks. I. p. xii Tax bills, water bills, subscriptions to daily papers. tax bracket n. ΚΠ 1975 R. Stout Family Affair (1976) xviii. 189 I am already in an uncomfortably high tax bracket for the year and would take no jobs anyway. tax-claim n. ΚΠ 1899 Daily News 24 Nov. 4/7 Dr. Robert refused as Mayor to sign the tax-claims. tax consultant n. ΚΠ 1976 J. R. L. Anderson Redundancy Pay i. 10 He had..developed a shrewd ability as a tax consultant, particularly in the property market. tax-defaulter n. ΚΠ 1951 W. H. Auden Nones (1952) 28 Agents of the Fisc pursue Absconding tax-defaulters through The sewers of provincial towns. tax dodge n. (Also as v. intransitive) ΚΠ 1962 J. Braine Life at Top xxiii. 254 The usual tax dodge... It makes me sick to the stomach. 1972 Listener 21 Dec. 865/1 He hasn't killed himself yet... He's waiting till 5 April... Some sort of tax dodge. 1976 Morecambe Guardian 7 Dec. 17/2 With that film is ‘The Swiss Conspiracy’ which is all about people who tax dodge, and blackmail, are blackmailed, and murdered, not necessarily in that order. tax fiddle n. colloquial ΚΠ 1959 ‘M. Innes’ Hare sitting Up i. i. 27 Tax fiddle of some kind? I don't like that sort. tax-law n. ΚΠ 1960 Business Week 24 Dec. 32/2 Interest in tax havens is largely due to the fact that U.S. tax law permits a company to accumulate profits abroad tax-free. tax-levy n. ΚΠ 1892 G. F. X. Griffith tr. C. Fouard St. Peter 45 To exempt them from the tax levies every seventh year. tax-master n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector catchpoleOE publicanc1175 tallagerc1400 leviera1513 vectigal1535 renter?1536 task-gatherer1552 exactor1570 uptaker1576 exacter1596 mise-gatherer1597 taxer1603 tax-taker1610 raiser1611 summonitor1617 summonisterc1625 riding officer1675 zamindar1683 tax-gatherer1693 desai1698 amildar1761 amil1763 collector1772 tax-master1796 tehsildar1799 taxman1803 tax-receiver1830 tax-collector1833 the taxes1874 revenuer1877 revenue1880 levyist1923 T-man1938 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 549 Plundered by collectors and tax-masters. tax-mistress n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > woman > thing personified as mistressa1393 mistress1509 tax-mistress1738 1738 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 193/1 [Fashion] keeps them perpetually busy in doing and undoing; and Folly is her Prime Confident and Taxmistress. tax-money n. ΚΠ 1610 Histrio-mastix vi. 205 Soft, sirs, I must talk with you for tax-money, To relieve the poor. 1656 J. Harrington Common-wealth of Oceana 77 The Parishes having Levied the Tax money,..shall return it unto the Officers of the Hundreds. tax-paper n. ΚΠ 1858 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1870) v. 102 The provost sends me a tax paper. tax-rate n. ΚΠ 1874 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. X. x. 224 In proportion to the general tax-rates. 1886 W. J. Tucker Life E. Europe 57 As long as..he is able to keep pace with his tax-rates, which..are daily becoming more exorbitant. tax-return n. ΚΠ 1870 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old (1875) 319 A wicked tax-return..calculated to make a man report about four times his actual income to keep from swearing to a falsehood. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xliii. 135 Persons desiring to escape taxation are apt to turn their property into these exempted forms just before they make their tax returns. tax-revenue n. ΚΠ 1891 G. F. X. Griffith tr. C. Fouard Christ I. 225 Engaged in farming out the tax-revenue of the provinces. tax-system n. tax year n. ΚΠ 1970 Money Which? Mar. 64/3 Don't wait until the very end of the tax-year before selling shares for tax-loss purposes. 1970Tax year [see ]. 1971 Money Which? Mar. 4/1 These taxes are charged for a particular year of assessment, which always starts on 6 April and ends on 5 April in the following year. This is commonly called a tax year. b. Objective and objective genitive. tax-assessor n. ΚΠ 1892 Daily News 20 Feb. 6/7 Any one who has had dealings with tax assessors will not easily be convinced that they are men to be hoodwinked in this simple way. tax-collector n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector catchpoleOE publicanc1175 tallagerc1400 leviera1513 vectigal1535 renter?1536 task-gatherer1552 exactor1570 uptaker1576 exacter1596 mise-gatherer1597 taxer1603 tax-taker1610 raiser1611 summonitor1617 summonisterc1625 riding officer1675 zamindar1683 tax-gatherer1693 desai1698 amildar1761 amil1763 collector1772 tax-master1796 tehsildar1799 taxman1803 tax-receiver1830 tax-collector1833 the taxes1874 revenuer1877 revenue1880 levyist1923 T-man1938 1833 J. S. Mill in Monthly Repository 7 581 These taxes..throw electioneering influence into the hands of the tax-collectors. 1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret II. ii. 22 Does she still take me for a tax-collector? tax-controller n. tax-dodger n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > tax-avoider tax-dodger1876 tax-avoider1960 1876 Nation (N.Y.) 30 Mar. 202 The tax-dodger is one who, finding that the rate of taxation in Boston is too high for his means, flies..to some rural town. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 4 Sept. 2/3 What the Tax-Dodger thinks he is doing is to defraud Sir William Harcourt's successor at the Exchequer of the gains of a tyrannical impost. tax-dodging n. ΚΠ 1895 Westm. Gaz. 4 Sept. 2/3 [Those] who practise the gentle art of tax-dodging in this respect are in the long run defrauding their own order. tax-extortioner n. tax-farmer n. tax-farming adj. ΚΠ 1903 D. McLean Stud. Apostles x. 141 Palestine..fell under this tax-farming system. tax-fiddler n. ΚΠ 1961 Times 31 May 10/4 Inclined to see in every taxpayer a more or less skilful..tax-fiddler. tax inspector n. ΚΠ 1959 J. Wood Simple Guide for Taxpayer iii. 28 Once the form has been completed it must be sent back to the Tax Inspector who sent it out. tax-layer n. ΚΠ 1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 201 The tax layers and the tax payers. tax-levying adj. ΚΠ 1902 Westm. Gaz. 5 June 4/2 Representation in the law-making and tax-levying assembly. tax-receiver n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector catchpoleOE publicanc1175 tallagerc1400 leviera1513 vectigal1535 renter?1536 task-gatherer1552 exactor1570 uptaker1576 exacter1596 mise-gatherer1597 taxer1603 tax-taker1610 raiser1611 summonitor1617 summonisterc1625 riding officer1675 zamindar1683 tax-gatherer1693 desai1698 amildar1761 amil1763 collector1772 tax-master1796 tehsildar1799 taxman1803 tax-receiver1830 tax-collector1833 the taxes1874 revenuer1877 revenue1880 levyist1923 T-man1938 1830 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Weekly Polit. Reg. 1 May 559 Your petitioners are the bees, and..the tax-receivers are the drones. c. Instrumental. tax-born adj. ΚΠ 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XI xli. 123 If he found not this spawn of tax-born riches. tax-bought adj. ΚΠ 1833 E. Elliott Corn Law Rhymes (new ed.) 77 But ye are fat,..And fill'd with tax-bought wine. tax-burdened adj. ΚΠ 1904 Q. Rev. July 182 Plunging his tax-burdened people into the horrors of a sanguinary and needless war. tax-free adj. ΚΠ 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 209 The Fowl and Gibier are Tax free. 1917 W. S. Churchill 9 Sept. in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1977) IV. Compan. i. 156 I do not however exclude the possibilities of a special bonus, presumably tax free. 1964 A. Wykes Gambling x. 241 Tax-free prizes. tax-laden adj. C2. Special combinations. See also tax-cart n., tax-gatherer n., taxpayer n., etc. tax allowance n. a sum that is to be deducted from gross income in the calculation of taxable income. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions relief1732 concession1888 tax relief1916 tax deduction1942 tax credit1946 tax allowance1950 tax-loss1959 tax break1968 1935 Times 16 Apr. 9/3 The cost of these various amendments in income-tax allowances will amount to £10,000,000.] 1950 Economist 22 Apr. 903/2 Statisticians have allowed an increase..to reflect the increase in initial tax allowances on plant purchased from April. a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 174 The Chancellor's only votes were gained from those who shared his male views and in particular objected to taking away money from middle-class families by tampering with their children's tax allowances. tax avoidance n. the arrangement of financial affairs so as to reduce tax liability within the law. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance tax avoidance1927 tax shelter1961 shelter1976 1927 Hansard Commons 4 July 961 I think that all these devices for tax avoidance ought to be stopped. 1951 L. H. Seltzer Nature & Tax Treatm. Capital Gains & Losses ii. 43 Wide openings for tax avoidance through so-called reorganization provisions were soon discovered. 1972 Accountant 28 Sept. 401/2 This amendment was designed to counteract certain tax avoidance schemes. tax-avoider n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > tax-avoider tax-dodger1876 tax-avoider1960 1960 Guardian 9 July 10/2 Every word of this was fascinating to all tax-payers and tax-avoiders. tax-avoiding adj. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [adjective] > tax avoidance tax-sheltered1959 tax-avoiding1980 1980 Listener 1 May 578/3 The tax-avoiding English who have arrived [on the Isle of Man] since the war. tax bite n. U.S. colloquial a deduction in the form of tax. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun] > amount deducted for take1933 bite1946 tax bite1954 1954 Sun (Baltimore) 26 Jan. (B ed.) 1/4 The Iowa senator called for..legislation by Congress to put a tax bite on foreign coffee traders operating in this country. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 22 May 2/4 The upshot of the committee's action is a proposal to enlarge the tax bite for some wealthy individuals and contract it for others. Categories » tax-bond n. U.S. a state bond receivable as taxes ( Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895). tax-book n. a list of property subject to taxation, with the amount of the taxes. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax list or book stent-roll1517 king's books1536 tax-roll1545 task-roll1577 task-book1624 tax-booka1640 cadastre1804 cataster1855 tax-list1898 a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §76 78 So I find it in the tax-book of England. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iv. vi. 351 A certificate..that this portion had been entered in the public tax-books, for an amount of land-tax entitling the possessor to a vote. tax break n. colloquial (originally U.S.) a tax advantage or concession allowed by government. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions relief1732 concession1888 tax relief1916 tax deduction1942 tax credit1946 tax allowance1950 tax-loss1959 tax break1968 1968 Nation 4 Nov. 463/1 What better way to entice private enterprise than with a tax credit or some other sort of tax break? 1969 N.Y. Times 4 Sept. 6/1 Companies will not get the tax breaks they formerly got on amortization of new equipment. 1982 Economist 18 Dec. 17/2 Governments should cease to shower capital with tax breaks that artificially lower capital's price. Categories » tax-certificate n. U.S. a certificate given to a purchaser at a tax-sale by the authorized official, entitling the holder to a tax-deed at a certain date (Funk). tax code n. a code number representing the tax-free part of an employee's income, assigned by tax authorities for use by employers in calculating the amount of tax to deduct under the PAYE system. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > income tax > code or schedule schedule1803 tax code1961 1961 M. Kelly Spoilt Kill iii. 163 Writing paper, annual notice of tax code, medical card. 1976 Star (Sheffield) 3 Dec. 6/7 We have reached a ludicrous state of taxation when a man on state aid receives enough to exceed his tax allowance but this does not prove that the social security payments are too high, but rather, that wage rates, and especially tax codes are far too low. tax credit n. a sum that can be offset against a tax liability; spec. one that results in a payment to any person whose liability is less than this sum. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions relief1732 concession1888 tax relief1916 tax deduction1942 tax credit1946 tax allowance1950 tax-loss1959 tax break1968 1946 H. M. Groves Postwar Taxation & Econ. Progress vii. 227 This could be done readily by permitting the taxpayer [with a fluctuating income] to sum his taxes over a period of years, calculate what his tax bill would have been if his income had been distributed evenly among these years, determine the difference between the two, and claim the difference as a refund or tax credit. 1973 Guardian 24 Jan. 14 The Green Paper proposes first that most tax allowances..should be replaced by tax credits... Anyone whose tax liability was less than their tax credits would be paid the difference. 1974 Nature 10 May 103/3 A company can obtain ‘foreign tax credits’ (which can be offset against United States tax) in respect of taxes paid to foreign governments. 1980 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. 19/2 A final of 8p a share payable on April 3, makes 14.25p net against 10.15p net or 20.36p including the related tax credit compared with 15.15p. tax-deductibility n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions > allowability as tax-deductibility1972 1972 Accountant 5 Oct. 422/1 Many captives are established to take advantage of this tax deductibility of insurance reserves. tax-deductible adj. allowable as a tax deduction. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [adjective] > allowable as deduction deductible1894 tax-deductible1954 1954 I. Levin Kiss before Dying ii. ii. 89 We are..beginning the construction of a new gymnasium... Perhaps your father would be interested in making a contribution... Such contributions are tax-deductible. 1965 Listener 17 June 899/3 The all-in price for a London plane tree, including maintenance, is £40—not exactly cheap, but it is tax-deductible. 1977 D. Anthony Stud Game vii. 45 Most of Grant's calls were on business, tax-deductible items. tax deduction n. chiefly U.S. an expense that can be deducted from gross income in calculating taxable income. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions relief1732 concession1888 tax relief1916 tax deduction1942 tax credit1946 tax allowance1950 tax-loss1959 tax break1968 1942 F. W. Marshall Legitimate Deductions vi. 40 In enacting provision for income tax deductions, Congress is only interested in determining what part of a company's [or person's] gross income it believes should be treated as net income for the purpose of income taxation. 1971 ‘O. Bleeck’ Thief who painted Sunlight (1972) xiv. 122 He can contribute fifty percent of his income each year and claim it as a tax deduction. 1979 Guardian 5 July 3/4 The tax deduction for having a company car is a tiny fraction of its real value. Categories » tax-deed n. U.S. a conveyance made and delivered by the authorized official to a purchaser of land at a tax-sale ( Cent. Dict. 1891). tax disc n. a circular label displayed in the window of a motor vehicle showing the date up to which motor vehicle excise duty has been paid. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > disc on car indicating duty paid tax disc1972 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > tax disc tax disc1972 1972 Times 3 Oct. 2/8 (heading) ‘Scrap tax discs’ call. tax dollar n. U.S. a dollar paid as tax. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > [noun] > dollar paid as tax dollar1976 1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 17 June 2- e/1 The fate of a plan to use tax dollars to improve off-street parking in downtown Bozeman will be decided July 7. Categories » tax-duplicate n. U.S. a duplicate record of all tax-assessments, furnished to a tax-collector ( Funk). tax-eater n. one who is supported from the public revenue. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > poor person in receipt of relief almsmanOE beadsman?1529 almswoman1584 relievant1589 almsbasket mana1634 basket-scrambler1647 pensioner1690 pensionary1753 in-pensioner1761 pauper1775 tax-eater1818 colleger1886 soup-kitchener1907 reliefer1934 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer or soldier of rank > [noun] officera1450 lancepesade1579 military1709 tax-eater1818 two-striper1917 chiefy1942 pongo1943 scrambled egg(s)1943 Percy1961 1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 350 If you were to see one of my sons now becoming a tax-eater, as a commissioned officer in the army. 1965 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 12 Aug. (1970) 310 We hope for fewer dropouts thirteen years from now, for children able to grow up with a prospect of being responsible citizens, taxpayers, not tax-eaters. tax-eating n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poverty with dependence on public relief pauperism1807 tax-eating1817 poorhouse1821 pauperage1831 pauperdom1833 the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > poor and receiving relief relieved1618 eleemosynary1654 alimentary1728 tax-eating1817 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > grants and allowances > [adjective] > being supported by public revenue tax-eating1817 1817 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 4 Jan. 26 Who look upon the poor as rivals in the work of tax-eating. 1822 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 7 Dec. 585 Some one of the tax-eating crew had..called me an ‘incendiary’. 1936 Sun (Baltimore) 30 Jan. 1/1 The time has come for a direct attack on the attempt at Washington to substitute a tax-eating bureaucracy for a liberal democratic system. tax-evader n. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > tax evasion > one guilty of tax-evader1927 ghost1982 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion > tax-evader tax-evader1927 skimmer1970 ghost1982 1927 Hansard Commons 4 July 955 What is to be done with the tax evader meanwhile? 1960 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Sept. 589/1 These days of tax-evader farmers and snobocratic huntsmen. tax-evading n. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > tax evasion tax evasion1922 tax-evading1971 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion tax evasion1922 skimming1966 tax-evading1971 skim money1973 1971 ‘G. Black’ Time for Pirates iv. 78 If this deal went all right..the Hydes could be on their tax-evading boat in a couple of years. tax evasion n. originally U.S. the reduction of tax payments by misstatement of income or other illegal means. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > tax evasion tax evasion1922 tax-evading1971 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax evasion tax evasion1922 skimming1966 tax-evading1971 skim money1973 1922 Hansard Commons 27 June 1920 That type of company must be perfectly well identifiable when it is seen. You notice the stigmata of tax evasion about it when you see it, not in the mere registration, but in the conduct and carrying on of its business. 1977 C. A. B. Warren & B. Ponse in J. D. Douglas & J. M. Johnson Existential Sociol. x. 277 It is stigmatized..in the courts of law..and (unlike tax evasion) it is stigmatized morally in the courts of public opinion. tax-exempt adj. and n. (a) adj. free from a liability to be taxed; (b) n. a tax-exempt security. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [adjective] > free of tax or exempt untaxed1464 taxlessa1618 untaxable1648 untaxed1846 unscotted1865 tax-exempt1925 sheltered1955 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > exemption from taxes > that which is exempt free food1903 tax-exempt1925 1925 Contemp. Rev. June 703 He has a deep resentment against their taking refuge in tax-exempt securities. 1933 Business Week 22 Feb. 4/1 Elimination of tax exempts is the object of an amendment to the Constitution offered by Senator Hull of Tennessee. 1966 Economist 30 Mar. 78/3 These industrial bonds..have so dogged the market as to increase all borrowing costs for tax-exempts. 1977 New Yorker 19 Sept. 27/2 One way to do this is to float a municipal-bond issue, which traditionally pays tax-exempt interest. 1978 G. Vidal Kalki v. 117 Any bona fide religion is tax-exempt in the United States. tax exemption n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > exemption from taxes kirset14.. pardon1444 charter-exemption1775 tax exemption1927 1927 A. L. Bowley & J. C. Stamp National Income 1924 v. 42 Incomes above the tax-exemption limit. 1975 N.Y. Times 28 Nov. 37/4 One example of the use of incentives to attract investment is the tax-exemption on municipal bond income. tax exile n. one who lives in a country chosen for its lower taxes on personal income; the state of doing this. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > [noun] > a country with lower taxes on personal income tax exile1969 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > one who lives in country with lower taxes tax exile1969 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > country attractive because of low taxes > one who lives in tax exile1969 1969 Manch. Guardian Weekly 22 Nov. 11 Has Anthony Grey..joined the ranks of the tax exiles? 1978 J. R. L. Anderson Death in Greenhouse ii. 27 Neither of us was attracted by the prospect of living in tax-exile. tax haven n. a country that attracts companies or individuals by its low taxes. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance > country attractive because of low taxes tax haven1960 1960 Business Week 24 Dec. 32/2 Interest in tax havens is largely due to the fact that U.S. tax law permits a company to accumulate profits abroad tax-free. 1973 Times 18 May 29/6 The Briton wanting to minimize his taxes through getting paid in a tax haven. tax holiday n. colloquial a period of tax exemption or tax reduction, esp. one of fixed duration. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > exemption from taxes > period of exemption or reduction tax holiday1950 1950 Times 24 Apr. 5/7 The stimulation of enterprise is essentially best organized on a regional footing. At present it is undertaken with varying determination by different colonies. Some grant free import of capital equipment and ‘tax holidays’ for pioneer industries. 1977 Time 10 Oct. 60/1 Haughey's notion of a permanent tax holiday for artists has at least stopped the drain of home-grown talent. 1978 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 126 224/2 There was firstly a three-year tax holiday followed by a period allowing accelerated depreciation and gradually increasing rates of tax. Categories » tax-lien n. U.S. the lien held by the state on property subject to taxation, which has priority over all other claims (Funk). tax-list n. = tax-book n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax list or book stent-roll1517 king's books1536 tax-roll1545 task-roll1577 task-book1624 tax-booka1640 cadastre1804 cataster1855 tax-list1898 1898 F. I. Antrobus tr. L. Pastor Hist. Popes VI. 91 The tax-list..has been preserved, and is interesting. tax-loss n. a loss that can be offset against taxable profit earned elsewhere or in a different period; also transferred and attributive. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions relief1732 concession1888 tax relief1916 tax deduction1942 tax credit1946 tax allowance1950 tax-loss1959 tax break1968 1959 Times 24 Dec. 7/4 (heading) Tax-loss farming. 1959 Times 24 Dec. 7/4 Sir,—The so-called tax-loss farmer is generally speaking a man who carries on two businesses, one profitable and the other unprofitable. As a matter of taxation machinery he pays tax in respect of his profitable business and afterwards claims a refund of tax in respect of his unprofitable farming business. 1965 I. Fleming Man with Golden Gun vii. 100 Others would want to buy in..cheaply, and use it [sc. a hotel] as a tax-loss to set against more profitable enterprises elsewhere. 1975 Times 14 Jan. 12/6 (advt.) Wanted. Large run-down school... High tax losses an inducement to purchase. taxman n. a tax-collector; also, an inspector of taxes or similar official; (with the) the Board of Inland Revenue, personified. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > tax collection > [noun] > tax-collector catchpoleOE publicanc1175 tallagerc1400 leviera1513 vectigal1535 renter?1536 task-gatherer1552 exactor1570 uptaker1576 exacter1596 mise-gatherer1597 taxer1603 tax-taker1610 raiser1611 summonitor1617 summonisterc1625 riding officer1675 zamindar1683 tax-gatherer1693 desai1698 amildar1761 amil1763 collector1772 tax-master1796 tehsildar1799 taxman1803 tax-receiver1830 tax-collector1833 the taxes1874 revenuer1877 revenue1880 levyist1923 T-man1938 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > department which collects national taxes revenue1657 taxman1968 1803 G. Colman John Bull i. i. 4 She had disgraced her family by marrying herself to a Tax-man. 1830 A. E. Bray Talba I. x. 279 The griping taxman, and the conquered and taxed Moor. 1891 R. Dowling Isle of Surrey 21 The taxman and the gasman and the waterman. 1968 Guardian 22 June 5/5 I don't know what the taxman would say if you tried to get that as an expense allowance. 1970 Money Which? Mar. 43/2 You are allowed free of tax..family allowances, most pensions and some other social security benefits. The taxman views all these as earned income. tax point n. the date upon which value added tax becomes chargeable in any particular transaction. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > value added tax > date when chargeable tax point1972 1972 Accountant 21 Sept. 369/2 It might be of interest..to mention the special rule for the tax point of barristers' services. tax relief n. remission of income tax due on a proportion of earned income; cf. relief n.² 8. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax allowances and deductions relief1732 concession1888 tax relief1916 tax deduction1942 tax credit1946 tax allowance1950 tax-loss1959 tax break1968 1916 Act 6 & 7 Geo. V c. 24 §37 Income tax relief on war insurance premiums. 1931 Economist 28 Feb. 456/2 A resident British holder of ‘Kaffirs’ is subject to income tax on dividends at the full rate of British tax (4s. 6d. in the £), less Dominion tax relief (at present 2s. 3d., namely, half the British rate). He is thus liable at the ‘reliefed’ rate of 2s. 3d. 1980 Times 9 Aug. 16/4 I have been offered remortgage, but my accountant says it will not qualify for tax relief. tax-roll n. = tax-book n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax list or book stent-roll1517 king's books1536 tax-roll1545 task-roll1577 task-book1624 tax-booka1640 cadastre1804 cataster1855 tax-list1898 1545 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 21 To bring in with him the taxt roll. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 399 In Campania..Honorius was compelled in the year 395 to expunge from the tax-roll, as become utterly waste, more than three hundred thousand acres of land. Categories » tax-sale n. U.S. a sale of the property of a delinquent taxpayer, made in order to defray the taxes due by him ( Cent. Dict.). tax shelter n. an opportunity for incurring expenses so that they can be used to reduce tax liability. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [noun] > tax avoidance tax avoidance1927 tax shelter1961 shelter1976 1961 Guardian 20 Feb. 16/7 If all the tax shelters were eliminated..the income tax yield would be increased by a third. 1982 Financial Times 13 Mar. 14/3 Investors will be seeking to use up the effective tax shelter offered by an appreciation of their assets each year in line with inflation. tax-sheltered adj. providing such an opportunity. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > payment of taxes > [adjective] > tax avoidance tax-sheltered1959 tax-avoiding1980 1959 Wall St. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 21 (advt.) Tax-sheltered investment. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 17 Jan. 9/6 And how to defer income tax on the interest you get. Plans that offer marvelous tax-sheltered advantages. tax threshold n. the level of income at which tax begins to be payable. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > liability to taxation > point at which tax becomes payable threshold1914 tax threshold1976 1976 F. Zweig New Acquisitive Society ii. iv. 108 The tax thresholds in real terms have been substantially lowered over the years. Categories » tax-title n. U.S. the title conveyed to the purchaser of property sold for taxes (Funk). Draft additions December 2006 tax preparer n. North American Accounting a person or company employed to complete the annual tax return of another. ΚΠ 1963 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 11 Dec. 31/4 (advt.) Male, female help wntd... A tax preparer experienced in individual income tax work. 1967 Daily Times (Salisbury, Maryland) 27 Feb. 4/3 Then there are the tax preparers, part-timers generally, who operate in variety stores, gasoline stations, hardware stores or wherever else they can hang a sign for a few weeks before April 15. 2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 17 Mar. g15 Proportion of Canadians who use professional tax preparers: More than 30 per cent. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † taxn.² Forms: Also in 1500s taxe. Etymology: < Latin taxus yew. Obsolete. The yew-tree (also tax-tree); transferred a bow made of the wood of the yew. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > yew trees > [noun] yeweOE yew treea1398 tax1541 vew1570 shin wood1778 ground-hemlock1807 taxad1846 Pacific yew1903 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > yew as timber tree yeweOE yew treea1398 elk1541 tax1541 vew1570 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > types of bow tax1541 livery bow?a1549 bow of lath1597 yew1605 slug1614 seventy-five1840 self1856 three-wood1875 recurve1961 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 9 §6 No bowyer shall sell..any bowe of ewe of the taxe called elke, aboue the price of iii. s. iiii. d. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. xii. 495 Poison..is commonly there scruzed out of Tax-trees. 1651 G. Hill in W. Cartwright Comedies sig. 6^v Their unbridled Muse [can] securely run Undaunted through the rage of Tax or Gun. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021). taxv. Brit. /taks/, U.S. /tæks/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s taxe*. Etymology: apparently < Old French taxe-r* (13th cent. in Littré), < Latin taxāre to censure, charge, tax with a fault; to rate, value, reckon, compute (at so much), make a valuation of; in medieval Latin also to impose a tax. The inherited form was Old French tausser, taucer (later, by assimilation, tauxer), Italian tassare, Spanish tasar, Portuguese taxar. Senses 1, 3, 6 are all in French. I. Senses relating to the levying of tax. 1. To estimate or determine the amount of (a tallage, fine, penalty, damages, etc.); to assess; rarely, to impose, levy (a tax); also, to settle the price or value of. Obsolete except in Law, to assess (costs). Const. †to (the amount). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] taxc1290 araisec1386 levy1388 raise1389 cess1495 fine1570 cut1596 impose1600 680 K. Cædualla Grant in Earle Land-Charters 281 Hanc libertatem sub estimatione LXX tributariorum taxauimus.] c1290 Beket 397 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 118 A taillage þov taxt fram ȝer to ȝer þoruȝ-out al þi londe. 1314–15 Rolls of Parl. I. 290/2 La partie serra atteynt du trespas..& les damages taxes a la volunte son adversair.] 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 271 Þe chirches of Engelond were i-taxed to þe verray value [L. secundum valorem taxatæ sunt]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27321 [To] knau þe circumstances o þe plight, For to tax þe penance right. 1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 9 Þe damages..were taxed to cxx li. 1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 15 Fines and amerciamentes affiered, taxed, sette, extreted, or judged. 1551 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 207 Taxable..to suche taxe and tallenge as shall be uppon hym taxed and sessyd. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Taxe damages in sute, æstimare litem. 1592 Acts Court Requests 97 The costs to be taxed to the vttermost charge approved due. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xxiv. 400 These costs on both sides are taxed and moderated by the..proper officer of the court. 1885 Daily Tel. 24 Dec. (Cassell) A returning officer, whose bill of costs has been taxed on the application of the candidates. †2. a. To impose, ordain, prescribe (a thing) to a person; also, to order (a person) to or to do something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > impose setc888 layOE to lay on11.. enjoin?c1225 join1303 adjoina1325 cark1330 taxa1375 puta1382 impose1581 aggravate1583 fasten1585 clap1609 levy1863 octroy1865 society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > force or impose something upon to lay on11.. join1303 taxa1375 intruse?a1500 oversetc1500 beforcec1555 impose1581 threap1582 fasten1585 intrude1592 thrust1597 enforcea1616 forcea1616 entail1670 top1682 trump1694 push1723 coerce1790 press1797 inflict1809 levy1863 octroy1865 wish1915 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5124 Loke..þat neuer þe pore porayle be piled for þi sake, ne taxed to taliage. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 147 To the knyht this lawe he taxeth, That he shall gon and come ayein [etc.]. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 287 Such a Statut thanne he sette, And in this wise his lawe taxeth. c1450 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols, & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 79/249 [Fortune] as her-self liste ordre & devise, Doth euery man his parte devide & taxe. c1500 Melusine (1895) 210 We taxe you to pay to this noble pucelle all such dommages that she hath had at your cause. 1814 W. Scott Diary 6 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. iv. 152 The islanders retort, that a man can do no more than he can; that they are not used to be taxed to their work so severely. †b. To settle, fix, determine the extent of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measure [verb (transitive)] > fix the measure or amount of tax1390 dimensionate14.. commensurate1646 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 223 Whan Salomon his bone hath taxed, The god of that which he hath axed Was riht wel paid. 3. a. To impose a tax upon; to subject to taxation. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > tax (a person or thing) layc1330 tailc1330 taxc1330 scot1432 patise1436 sess1465 task1483 assessa1513 cessa1513 lot1543 toust1565 imposea1618 talliate1762 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 247 Þe dettes þat men þam auht, þer stedes & þer wonyng, Wer taxed & bitauht to þe eschete of þe kyng. c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 342 For oon mai seie þat..he [the Pope] haþ power singuler to taxe gracis, as him likiþ. 1453 Rolls of Parl. V. 233/1 Rightfully charged or taxed to the Dismes. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccclx It shalbe lawfull for euery Magistrate to taxe y^e people for y^e same cause. 1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth xviii. f. 64 The people of the Countrie..beyng taxed and pilled so often as hee thinketh good. 1627 Sir E. Coke in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 501 The King cannot tax any by way of Loans. 1657 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 214 The same Ley..being unduly taxed. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. v. ii. 429 In the Venetian territory all the arable lands which are given in lease to farmers are taxed at a tenth of the rent. View more context for this quotation 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. vii. 351 It was in the same reign that there was settled the right of the people to be taxed entirely by their representatives. b. to tax into or out of some state. ΚΠ 1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 70 Proposals have been made..to tax the landlords out of existence. 4. figurative. To burden; to make serious demands upon; to put a strain on. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)] wearyc897 tirea1000 travailc1300 forwearya1325 taryc1375 tarc1440 matec1450 break1483 labour1496 overwearya1500 wear?1507 to wear out, forth1525 fatigate1535 stress1540 overtire1558 forwaste1563 to tire out1563 overwear1578 spend1582 out-tire1596 outwear1596 outweary1596 overspend1596 to toil out1596 attediate1603 bejade1620 lassate1623 harassa1626 overtask1628 tax1672 hag1674 trash1685 hatter1687 overtax1692 fatigue1693 to knock up1740 tire to death1740 overfatigue1741 fag1774 outdo1776 to do over1789 to use up1790 jade1798 overdo1817 frazzlea1825 worry1828 to sew up1837 to wear to death1840 to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847 gruel1850 to stump up1853 exhaust1860 finish1864 peter1869 knacker1886 grind1887 tew1893 crease1925 poop1931 raddle1951 the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > make difficult > make excessive demands or put strain on strain1609 taska1616 tax1672 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > put the limbs or faculties to abnormal exertion swinkc1300 strain1446 stress1540 to put, set, place, etc. on the rack1599 taska1616 tax1672 force1825 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 51 Some Critical People, who will..tax up an old-wife's fable to the punctuality of History. 1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. f2 What had become of me, if Virgil had tax'd me with another Book? 1772 H. Mackenzie Man of World ii. v I have no right to tax you with my sorrows. 1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram I. i. x. 155 We will not tax the patience of the reader. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxvi. 325 My ingenuity was often taxed for expedients. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iii. xxvi. 167 Most men are afraid of being bored or taxed by a wife's family. 5. U.S. (esp. New England) colloquial. To price (a thing at so much); to charge (a person so much for a thing). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > charges > [verb (transitive)] > a person spend1590 debit1682 tax1846 to chargea1889 society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of) loveOE prizea1325 setc1420 make1423 cheapa1464 price1471 ratify1511 to set up?1529 apprize1533 rate1599 to set down1599 pitch1624 tax1846 to charge1889 sale-price1959 1846–7 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers 218 (Bartl.) In trading with the clergy [he] only taxed his goods at half price. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) (at cited word) ‘What will you tax me a yard for this cloth?’ 1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms (at cited word) An everyday colloquialism is ‘What will you tax me?’ II. Senses relating to censure or reproval. 6. a. To censure; to reprove, blame (a person, his action, etc.); to accuse, charge; to take to task, call to account. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > dispraise or discommend [verb (transitive)] > censure or condemn bidemea1200 convictc1366 reprovea1382 damnc1386 condemna1400 deema1400 saya1400 judgec1400 reprehendc1400 reproacha1475 reprobate?a1475 arguec1475 controlc1525 twit1543 perstringe1549 tax1569 traduce1581 carp1591 censure1605 convince?1606 syndic1609 syndicate1610 to check at1642 reprimand1660 impeach1813 to stroke over1822 1569 Ld. Cecil Let. in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. liii. 532 To think of us as our evil willers are disposed..to tax us. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xi. 20 Another kind of Poet, who intended to taxe the common abuses and vice of the people in rough and bitter speaches. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta i. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkkk/2 If any therefore can their manners tax..Let 'em speak now. 1692 J. Dryden Cleomenes ii. ii. 17 I have been to blame; And you have justly tax'd my long neglect. 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 34 Fear most to tax an Honourable Fool, Whose Right it is, uncensur'd to be dull. 1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 12 (note) That Chronicle..which seems to tax the envy and rapaciousness of Clarence as the Causes of the dissention. a1806 S. Horsley Serm. (1816) II. xvi. 39 Eve..taxes the serpent as her seducer. 1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab v. 96 I was next taxed, and replied that [etc.]. b. Const. †for, of (now rare), with (now usual); †also infinitive and object clause (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] edwitec825 witec893 accuseOE bespeaka1000 forwrayOE atwiteOE blamea1300 impugn1377 publishc1384 defamea1387 appeach1430 becryc1440 surmisea1485 arguea1522 infame1531 insimulate1532 note1542 tax1548 resperse1551 finger-point1563 chesoun1568 touch1570 disclaim1590 impeach1590 intent1613 question1620 accriminate1641 charge1785 cheek1877 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (transitive)] accuseOE witea1000 blamec1200 lastc1225 awreakc1275 friec1300 lack1340 impugn1377 aretc1386 default1489 remord1522 culpate1548 tax1548 finger-point1563 witen1589 attask1608 refounda1653 thank1667 bumble1675 to take to task1682 twitter1749 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. E viij Apertly to tax their goouernour w^t y^e note of dissimulacion. 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 82 Thy lippes..so modest as nere taxt of sinne. 1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1375 All the world would taxe him to haue violated the law of nations. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 159 I know I shall bee taxed for writing so much of my selfe. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. B8 Taxing him to be an usurper and an unjust Tyrant. 1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour iii. ii. 31 None shall tax me with base perjury. 1697 K. Chetwood Pref. to Pastorals in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. ***1^v A Celebrated French Writer taxes him for permitting Æneas to do nothing without the assistance of some God. 1703 tr. A. de Courtin Treat. Honour* vii, in tr. A. de Courtin Rules Civility (rev. ed.) 262 A Magistrate..has been taxed, that instead of Administring Justice fairly, he sells it to the highest Bidder. 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 437 Tax not..Of rage, or folly, my prophetic mind. 1777 [see sense 7]. 1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. iii I do not mean to tax Rhoda with falsehood. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 322 Chants which an after-time shall tax of vanity never. †c. absol. To censure, find fault. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > blame > [verb (intransitive)] to say black is a person's eye (also eyebrow, nail, etc.)a1450 remord1522 tax1589 finger-point1959 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xv. 26 In those dayes when the Poets first taxed by Satyre and Comedy, there was [etc.]. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy Democritus to Rdr. 4 I did sometime laugh and scoffe with Lucian, and Satyrically taxe with Menippus. †7. To call in question; to challenge, dispute (a statement, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > protesting or remonstrance > protest against [verb (transitive)] biremec1200 to cry against ——1382 to cry outc1385 reclaimc1449 reclaim1566 to exclaim at, on, upon1583 to exclaim against1594 to cry on ——1609 disentreat1611 tax1614 deprecatea1643 to make a noise about1668 protest1887 the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (transitive)] > dispute or call in question traversea1325 challengec1386 disputea1535 quarrel1548 contestate?1572 to controverse in question1602 question1613 tax1614 contest1663 to call upon ——1746 1614 Sir R. Dudley in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 8 In all wherin my honour nor honestye may not be taxed. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 24 Prone to taxe Gods wisedom, and call him to our barre. 1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xii. 152 If..any person will tax my opinions..I shall tax him with great stupidity. III. Senses relating to enrolment. †8. Used to render Greek ἀπογράϕειν, to enter in a list, to register, enroll, enter in a list or statement of property. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > enter on tax-list tax1526 list1658 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke ii. f. lxxiiij^v And every man went in to his awne shyre toune, there to be taxed. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke ii. f. lxxiiij^v And Joseph also ascended from Galile..in to a cite of David, which is called bethleem..to be taxed. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Luke ii. 1 Ther went oute a commaundment from Auguste the Emperour, that all the woorlde shuld be taxed [1526 shulde be valued; L. describeretur; Wyclif schuld be discryued; Geneva, 1611 taxed; Rheims, 1881 (R.V.) enrolled]. Draft additions July 2002 intransitive. Politics (originally U.S.). to tax and spend: to increase or collect taxes for the purpose of increasing public spending; to pursue a policy of tax-and-spend. Cf. tax-and-spend n. and adj.The collocation of the two verbs was perhaps strengthened by the alleged declaration of H. L. Hopkins in quot. 1938. ΚΠ 1928 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 22 662 Their theory holds the bolder implications of fiscal reform through taxing and spending. 1936 D. G. Yorkey in Cornell Law Q. June 630 (title) Validity of agricultural adjustment act: extent of congressional power to tax and spend for the general welfare. 1938 A. Krock in N.Y. Times 13 Nov. iv. 3/2 Administrator Harry L. Hopkins became the spokesman to a group at the Yonkers (not Saratoga) racetrack: ‘We will spend and spend, tax and tax, elect and elect.’] 1969 H. Holloway Polit. Southern Negro iii. 45 Some even condemned Mississippi Democrats..as ‘populistic’ in their willingness to tax and spend. 1999 Independent 1 July ii. 3/1 Those most unashamed of taxing and spending among the Liberal Democrats happen also to be those least keen on co-operation with New Labour. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1327n.²1541v.c1290
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taxn.1

Compounds

Draft additions December 2006

† taxn.2

taxv.

Draft additions July 2002

taxn.¹

† taxn.²