productionn.
/prəˈdʌkʃn/, U.S. /prəˈdəkʃ(ə)n/, /proʊˈdəkʃ(ə)n/ I. Senses relating to creation or generation.
1.
a. The action or an act of producing, making, or causing anything; generation or creation of something; the fact or condition of being produced.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production
generationa1382
engenderinga1400
outbearinga1425
productionc1450
produce1562
prolation1577
procreation1578
generating1579
edition1605
producement1613
elaboration1617
flowering1634
pullulation1641
factory1664
development1794
output1841
output1887
c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 175 (MED) Of þinges skars and diminute Nature ne took noght hire produccioun [L. exordium].
1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton A ij b God is the unyuersel commaundour of all our production.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 129/2 By generacion & produccion did the doers work both willingly & naturally.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie x. 74, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) I haue woondered..what soyle it might bee, or what constellation so furious, as effected theyr operations in production of so bad and vile a creature.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. i. 203 Mettals are (as plants,) hidden and buried in the bowels of the earth, which have some conformitie in themselves, in the forme and maner of their production.
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 100 What alteration was in the Deed at the production of the effect?
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 346 The Production and Modulation of the Voice by the Elision of the Air, the Larynx, &c.
1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 84 What hinders its being an Instrument subservient to the Supreme Agent, in the Production of our Ideas?
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. viii. 98 The demand for men..necessarily regulates the production of men. View more context for this quotation
1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 95 The manner in which those molecules are aggregated in the production of crystals.
1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. ii. x. 192 In this purely dynamical action consists the production of sound.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native III. vi. i. 263 Their records had perished long ago by the plough, while the works of these remained... It reminded him that unforeseen factors operate in the production of immortality.
1900 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 16 6 The production of delicate and bright shades of pink.
1938 S. J. L. Taylor in Lancet 26 Mar. 759/1 I hope to show that environment plays no less a part in the production of what I venture to call ‘the suburban neurosis’ than it does in the production of physical disease.
1988 Harrowsmith Jan. 106/2 The pressure cooker..can greatly speed the production of a stew, reducing preparation and cooking time to less than one hour.
2004 Daily Mail (Nexis) 26 Jan. 12 Cannabis..particularly affects logical thought, reasoning, judgment and memory, sensory perception, co-ordination and the production of emotions including pleasure.
b. spec. The action or process of making goods from components or raw materials; the manufacture of goods for sale and consumption.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun]
makinglOE
workinga1382
forge1390
fashion1463
facture1574
workmanship1578
fabrication1602
manufaction1602
opificec1616
manufacture1622
makec1631
manufactorya1641
manufact1647
manufacturage1665
manufacturing1669
production1767
mfg.1854
artificing1866
process work1881
machine-production1898
metal-bending1964
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects
overheating1609
consumption1662
supply1744
production1767
demand1776
effective demand1819
employment rate1833
equilibrium1871
opportunity cost1894
bankers' ramp1931
multiplier1936
multiplier effect1937
market forces1942
cost push1952
externality1957
fiscal drag1964
demand-side1975
1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oeconomy ii. xxvii. 412 Let the production of superfluities, not exportable, be produced by workmen whose branch is overstocked, prices will undoubtedly fall.
1784 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations (ed. 3) II. iv. viii. 515 Consumption is the sole end and purpose of production... The mercantile system..seems to consider production, and not consumption, as the ultimate end and object of all industry and commerce.
1817 D. Ricardo Princ. Polit. Econ. xx. 444 The cost of production, and therefore the prices of various manufactured commodities, are raised to the consumer by one error in legislation.
1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. i. iv. 30 Capital is the wealth which has been appropriated to assist future production.
1887 S. Moore & E. Aveling tr. K. Marx Capital I. ii. vi. 147 In order that a man may be able to sell commodities other than labour-power, he must of course have the means of production, as raw material, implements, &c.
1933 S. Hook Towards Understanding K. Marx xi. 120 For Marx it is the relations of production, not the forces of production and not the conditions of production, which are the basis of the cultural superstructure.
1964 S. M. Miller in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 300 We need sustained economic growth, high production, and high employment in order to solve many of the problems of the unemployed and the poor today in America.
1989 Which? Feb. 63/3 All our survey results apply to cars three or more years old, so some are now out of production or have been replaced by newer versions.
2004 Portland (Maine) Press Herald (Nexis) 11 Apr. 1 f For years, the technique has been common in low-wage manufacturing, such as clothing production and product assembly.
2. † c. A consequence, effect. Cf. product n.1 4. Obsolete. rare.† d. The yield or proceeds of something. Cf. produce n. 2. Obsolete. rare.
a. A thing produced as a result of an action, process, or effort; a product. Also: produce, products collectively. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product
blossomc1230
fodmea1325
burgeona1340
progenya1393
geniture?1440
fruitc1450
productionc1450
offspring1573
product1573
nursling1591
bantling1593
excrement1600
procedue1602
issuea1616
procedure1626
creature1651
produce1657
parturition1659
outbirth1663
sequel1669
brat1678
operation1774
outgoing1850
fruitling1876
c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 41 (MED) Afterwarde Ioyne the produccioun, and þere wol be the some totalle.
1630 P. Massinger Renegado iii. v. sig. G4 Nature, the great Queene, and Mother Of all productions.
1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. iii. §67. 170 A mountain may travail, and the production may be a mouse.
1695 Pennsylvania Arch. I. 117 Any of the Production or Manufacture of Europe not Legally Imported in the said Province.
1748 D. Hume Ess. (ed. 3) xviii. 193 His utmost Art and Industry can never equal the meanest of Nature's Productions, either for Beauty or Value.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xviii. 93 Their only productions, salt, wax, and hides.
1834 Penny Cycl. II. 189/1 [The apple] from its hardiness and great abundance, is one of the most important productions of cold climates.
1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic iii. 22 We constantly talk of the productions of a country meaning the products.
1885 Manch. Examiner 3 June 5/3 The market is reported to be glutted, and the production has of late been largely going into stock.
1928 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 25 Mar. (advt.) At the Ashby you will find assortments to choose from, carefully selected from the productions of America's foremost manufacturers.
2004 News India (Nexis) 9 July 19 The aim of the agreement is to initiate enhanced cooperation in agricultural biotechnology research and development to help improve the quality and quantity of farm productions.
b. A product of human activity or effort; spec. a literary or artistic work. Chiefly in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product > of human art or activity
artifice1600
production1603
creationa1616
artefact1644
product1650
artefac1906
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxiv. 62 Nature..causeth oftentimes, even in rudest and most vnarted nations, productions of spirits [Fr. des productions d'esprit] to arise, that confront and wrestle with the most artist productions [Fr. les plus artistes productions].
1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. Ep. Ded. sig. A9v We lay a partiall estimate upon our own productions.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A3 It is the great School of Musick and Painting, and contains in it all the noblest Productions of Statuary and Architecture.
1770 W. Baker Peregrinations Mind 159 The Odyssey, which has been generally esteemed an inferior production [to the Iliad].
1801 Port Folio 19 Dec. 406/1 Two large cartoons of Rubens have been offered for sale, at Rome, at a hundred ducats each. This is wonderfully cheap, for the productions of so renowned a master.
a1828 H. Neele Lit. Remains (1829) 48 Chapman's Homer is a production of great value and interest.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar ix. 100 The finest productions of Praxiteles or Zeuxis.
1907 Times 25 July 14/5 Mr. Whistler was to be the subject of the book, and..it was to be illustrated by means of his artistic productions.
1963 F. C. Crews Pooh Perplex 88 That this applies equally to Winnie-the-Pooh would, I believe, be not unsuperfluous to add, even in a study devoting itself single-mindedly, as the present one does, to exhaustive criticism of that literary production.
1991 Raritan Summer 133 Libraries..bursting at the seams with the acidifying productions of unremembered scribblers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun]
proofc1330
worka1382
workinga1382
consequentc1386
effectc1390
processa1400
consequencec1400
sequel1477
efficacea1492
operation1525
branch1526
efficacy1549
trial1559
ensuing1561
repercussion1603
success1606
productiona1610
salutation1609
succeedinga1616
pursuancea1626
spawna1631
income1635
result1638
importance1645
consequency1651
product1651
causal1652
causate1656
consectary1659
propter hoc1671
inference1673
corollary1674
resultment1683
produce1698
recussion1754
development1803
suitea1806
eventuation1813
sequent1838
sequence1853
causatum1879
sequela1883
ramification1925
a1610 J. Healey tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) 58 To follow..the causes and productions of all that seemeth usefull.
1696 C. Sedley Antony & Cleopatra (new ed.) iv. v. 45 They're Cleopatra's Subjects: let that be A full Production in our Victory.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > amount produced or manufactured
produce1650
supply1744
make1749
output1841
turn1870
production1878
turn-out1879
throughput1884
run1926
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production > product > produce, yield, or return
gettinga1382
increasingc1384
fruitc1450
increase1560
growth1580
increment1593
brood1600
return1614
produce1650
improvement1706
out-turn1801
bag1858
production1878
1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein I. 142 The one financial procedure was to increase the production of the royal domains.
3. In transformational grammar: a rewriting rule for the generation of expressions. Also: = production rule n. (b) at Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > [noun] > artificial intelligence > production rule
production rule1957
production1960
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [noun] > change of word order or position > specifically in transformational grammar > transformational rule > specific
production1960
rewrite rule1960
rewriting rule1961
projection rule1962
morphographemic rule1965
readjustment rule1967
1960 Y. Bar-Hillel et al. in Bull. Res. Council Israel 9 F. 5 A simple phrase structure system..is an ordered couple = (V, P), where..P is a finite set of productions of the form X → x (o ≠ x ≠ X) (read: rewrite the symbol X by the nonempty string x).
1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xxviii. 233 Parsing is the process of defining the productions which when applied by recursion result in the given legal sentence or expression.
1984 P. H. Winston Artificial Intelligence (ed. 2) vi. 201 A production can mark an item in short-term memory.
1988 P. N. Johnson-Laird Computer & Mind xviii. 333 John Anderson has developed a semantic network that similarly does not decompose meanings but instead uses productions—the computational equivalent of meaning postulates..—to make inferences.
2002 Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery 49 6 Conversion..may cause a quadratic increase in the number of productions in the grammar.
II. Senses relating to presentation or exhibition.
4.
a. The action of bringing forward or out; the exhibiting or provision of something for consideration, inspection, or use; (Law) the presentation of a document or article before a court. to satisfy (the) production (Scots Law): to produce and submit a document when requested to do so by a court of law (implying recognition of the title of the pursuer and competence of the court).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > offering for inspection or consideration > [noun]
production1470
subjection1615
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > production of document
production1470
proferta1733
1470 Memorandum W. Worcester in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 181 Produccyons by both partyes sewyd that is the vtmost that the spirituell lawe gevyth, was [etc.].
1482 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 101/2 Thomas sal Restor..the sade sovme..in defalt of productioune of his prufe.
1556–7 in W. Mackay & H. C. Boyd Rec. Inverness (1911) I. 4 Apon the production of ane blank reversion onselit.
1566 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 443 Summondis of errour for productioun and reductioun of the said declaratioun of the assyisis.
1625 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. (1948) II. 312 In a vnlaw..for not production of ther mesouris to the deane to be markit [ed. maikit].
1722 W. Forbes Inst. Law Scotl. I. iv. 166 A Decreet of Transumpt..hath all the Effect of a registred Writ, save that it doth not satisfy Production in a Reduction and Improbation.
1788 J. Russell Theory Conveyancing iii. 32 An extract of a deed,..registered in the books of session,..will suffice to satisfy the production in a process of improbation.
1818 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 364 That the Surveyor do furnish the Mayor for production at the next Council with a plan.
1821 Times 17 July 2/2 No person whatsoever will be permitted to pass into Westminster-abbey, on the day of the Coronation, except on production of a ticket.
1878 E. Robertson in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 742/1 Public documents in general must be proved either by the production of the original or by the official copies.
1883 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 23 49 There is a broad distinction between a general application for discovery of documents..and an application for production of documents referred to in the pleadings.
1916 J. A. MacLaren Court of Session Pract. 690 The Lord Ordinary, having heard counsel on the preliminary objections and considered the process, repeats said objections and appoints the defender to satisfy production within—days.
1928 W. C. Hall & J. C. Hall Law of Adoption i. 47 The production of a birth certificate is necessary for candidates for nearly all important examinations and for many kinds of employment.
1974 Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Jrnl. 31 July 1/7 Under current rules, examination of witnesses, production of evidence, statements by lawyers and voting would take place in public.
2004 Metro 1 Nov. (London ed.) 25/3 Throughout November, students (on production of NUS cards) can..get a free bottle of Cobra beer.
b. Scots Law. A document or piece of evidence produced in a civil action or criminal trial.
ΚΠ
1817 Acts of Adjournal 17 Mar. Letters of Exculpation and Productions by the Accused.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. s.v In judicial proceedings, written documents produced in process, in modum probationis..are technically called productions. So also in an action of reduction, the writ, or deed, or decree, called for.., is called the production.
1887 W. G. Dickson Law Evid. II. 992 A formal production, that is, an article to be used substantively as part of the evidence in the case, being exhibited to the different witnesses and produced in process.
1962 T. B. Smith Short Comm. 226 When the evidence for the prosecution has been heard and (where there are productions) examined, evidence is called for the defence.
1991 Times Sc. Law Rep. 17 July 28/8 Some of the productions might never have been led in evidence.
5.
a. The action or process of producing a play, record, film, etc. Also: the resulting work, esp. viewed in terms of its making or staging. in production: in the process of being made or produced, in preparation.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > a performance > production of performance
production1786
mounting1828
setting1885
routining1923
1786 Daily Universal Reg. 21 Mar. 2/4 To-morrow will be represented for the first time, a new comic piece, called, La Physicienne, and on Friday, Beaumarchais's admired production of the Folle Journee.
1821 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 8 Dec. 3/5 At the Prune street Theatre, where they appear to be exceedingly industrious in the production of new pieces, the Historical tragedy of Damon and Pythias, is in preparation.
1847 Times 28 Sept. 5/1 Any one with a certain amount of ‘pluck’ might introduce scenes which a predecessor had left out, but Mr. Phelps has gone to work at the production in a style of his own.
1894 Westm. Gaz. 4 Dec. 2/1 The great event of the past week has been the production of the Greek play.
1925 Scribner's Mag. July 7/1 Jesse Lynch Williams has been..preparing a play for production in New York in the fall.
1932 New Yorker 11 June 52/2 Wherever she appears.., as a telephone operator in some big, showy production—a breath of humanity sweeps over the screen.
1942 C. Beaton Diary Jan. in Self Portrait with Friends (1979) xi. 90 I've been..thinking it was a wonderful thing to give up those two plays that were already in production to do a job that anyone else could have done.
1972 Commerce Jrnl. (Texas) 13 Apr. b4/3 A double exposure captures the moods of an Irish girl in East Texas State University's upcoming drama production, ‘Lovers’.
1997 Independent 18 Feb. 2/3 While the film is still in production, the Wallace family complain that it presents the Governor and his wife as ignorant Southerners with ‘hee-haw’ manners.
2006 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Nexis) 26 Feb. 13 The scene-specific commentary by Redford answers just about every question one might have about the film's production.
b. figurative. An unnecessarily elaborate performance; a fuss, commotion, drama. Frequently in to make a production of (or out of). Cf production number n. at Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > briskness or activeness > bustle or fuss
to-doc1330
adoc1380
great (also much) cry and little woolc1460
feery-fary1535
fray1568
stirc1595
do1598
coil1599
hurl1603
ruffle1609
clutterment1611
buzz1628
bustle1637
paddle1642
racket1644
clutter1652
tracas1656
tracasserie1656
circumference1667
flutter1667
hurly-burly1678
fuss1701
fissle1719
fraise1725
hurry-scurry1753
fix-fax1768
fal-lal1775
widdle1789
touse1792
fuffle1801
going-on1817
hurry and scurry1823
sputter1823
tew1825
Bob's-a-dying1829
fidge1832
tamasha1842
mulling1845
mussing1846
fettling1847
fooster1847
trade1854
scrimmage1855
carry-on1861
fuss-and-feathers1866
on-carry1870
make-a-do1880
miration1883
razzle-dazzle1885
song and dance1885
to get a rustle on1891
tea-party1903
stirabout1905
whoop-de-do1910
chichi1928
production1941
go-go1966
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > be brisk or active > bustle > fuss or make a fuss
nytelc1400
to make a matter1549
to keep a coil1568
squatter1593
fiddle-faddle1633
to play hell (with)1750
fuss1792
to play hell and Tommy1825
piggle1836
palavera1840
to make a time1844
to make a time1844
friggle1848
fussify1868
to make a production of (or out of)1941
1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? vii. 128 Something tells me that when our blast comes, it will really be a production.
1959 R. Condon Manchurian Candidate (1960) ix. 131 You make a production out of it like I was involved somehow in your life.
1962 M. Gordon & G. Gordon Journey with Stranger (1963) xi. 74 The simplest tasks at home became productions when travelling.
1974 R. Butler Buffalo Hook ii. 15 Why should there be this big production over a cargo..that's covered by insurance anyway.
1995 M. Kesavan Looking through Glass 148 I made a production out of drinking it, blowing and slurping in turn to keep him from telling me things I didn't want to know.
III. Senses relating to extension.† 7. Anatomy. An extension of or projection from a bone or other part; a protuberance, a process. Obsolete.
6. Extension or lengthening in space or time. Cf. produce v. 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time > lengthening in duration or prolonging
continuancec1374
prorogationc1400
prolongation?a1425
training1440
lengthingc1480
enlonging1509
prolonging1528
protraction1535
protract of time1536
productionc1540
trait1545
lengthening1574
continuation1587
prolongment1593
conserving1610
extensiona1631
wire-drawing1640
continuing1643
spinning1644
permansion1646
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer
prolongation?a1425
lengthingc1480
longation1598
extendure1610
production1658
elongation1676
lengthening1748
extension1796
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. x. xxi. f. 151v/1 To yt fyne, yt king Gregourius army be production [L. productione] of lang tyme suld laik vittallis.
1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie Pref. sig. B2 Animals long-liv'd, being fed upon, conduce much to the production of life.
1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Production,..also a lengthening, or making longer.
1663 G. Harvey Archelogia Philosophica Nova II. i. xx. 129 Whether Life may be prolonged to an eval duration... By what means many pretend to prolong life. That the production of life to an eval duration is impossible.
1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 280 Hence a tangent may be drawn to a parabola from any point T, in the production of its axis.
1984 Victoria Govt Gaz. 8 Aug. 2831/1 All that land bounded by the southern alignment of Arden Street, the western alignment of Laurens Street, the production of the southern alignment of Miller Street and a line 6 metres east of the Coburg railway line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > parts of bones > [noun] > natural outgrowth or projecting part
process1565
production1578
apophysis1611
processus1664
probole1684
spine1706
ramus1731
spinous process1732
plectrum1792
buttress1824
epicondyle1828
spiculum1873
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 25v These bones are endewed with three notable productions, or Processes.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 485 Through these passages & productions aire and vapors attracted or drawn in respiration through the nosthrils..are carried vn to the braine.
1725 H. Sloane Voy. Islands II. 284 There being no such production on the upper chap.
1858 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) 1020/1 Productio,..a prolongation; a production.
8. A leading or carrying forth. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 11 Men of meaner ranke..were not allowed this princely kinde of production to their graues.
Compounds
C1. General attributive in sense 1, as production control, production industry, production order, production planning, production process, etc.
ΚΠ
1879 Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 6 Feb. Any demands of fishermen or..other actions likely to increase production costs.
1895 W. Smart Stud. Econ. 8 Production goods..may be shortly described as..all the forms of land, capital, and labour that go, proximately or remotely, to provide and produce the consumption goods and services.
1897 Ld. Masham in Westm. Gaz. 29 Jan. 3/2 When capital ceases to be invested in our production industries.
1898 Engin. Mag. 16 40 This is used either for production order or for sales order.
1929 T. H. Burnham Engin. Econ. xv. 192 Production control necessitates a system of records and charts which indicate at a glance whether the planned production is being adhered to, or if departure therefrom is occurring, at what stage the divergence is arising.
1938 E. Ambler Cause for Alarm i. 17 He's afraid of the production figures falling off.
1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? xi. 283 Production costs have been too high.
1957 Technology Mar. 8/1 Then he goes into the production shops, where he gains experience of the many aspects of aircraft construction.
1958 J. F. Magee Production Planning & Inventory Control i. 1 A manager necessarily thinks of problems in production planning in terms of people and their responsibilities.
1962 A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control x. 89 In striving for the shop-floor efficiency associated with long manufacturing runs, the Production Manager will always be tending to drive stock levels upwards.
1975 North Sea Background Notes (Brit. Petroleum Co.) 7 Production licences..give the licensee exclusive rights over a specific area to explore for and produce hydrocarbons.
1977 Observer 24 Apr. 1/6 The rig crew was about to install a safety valve on the top of a production pipe.
1983 J. S. Foster Struct. & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iii. 11/2 The production process is concerned with the nature and sequence of the operations.
2002 A. Feenberg Transforming Technol. (rev. ed.) iv. 94 Unforeseeable..breakdowns arise from the vagaries of wear and tear, materials quality, operator error, and changes in production systems.
C2. In sense 5 (chiefly 5a).
production assistant n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [noun] > people involved in television production > others
production director1915
production manager1927
television engineer1930
production assistant1932
vision-mixer1938
TV engineer1946
lighting cameraman1947
floor manager1960
helmer1974
showrunner1989
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming
director of photography1916
grip1918
continuity writer1921
script girl1922
gaffer1926
production manager1927
best boy1931
production assistant1932
continuity girl1933
titler1933
clapper-boy1937
AD1957
1932 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 22 Feb. 9/5 Paramount Studios... W. H. Wright has to be exactly that as production assistant.
1969 W. Rutherford Gallows Set i. 18 In one group were the members of the film crew. In the other..were..the most senior director..[and] Anne, his production assistant.
1990 T. Hoyle Last Gasp 51 I'm a PA. Production assistant... I do the running around, getting everything organised... PAs are the gofers of the television industry.
2001 Future Music June 4/1 Our production assistant Duncan and his band recently won an unsigned competition on XFM.
production clerk n.
ΚΠ
1963 Movie Apr. 11/1 Production clerk at R.K.O., then second assistant director.
1983 E. Ward & A. Silver Film Director's Team i. 5 The assistant directors were, in turn, assisted by a production clerk, who functioned as a liaison with the production manager.
production control n.
ΚΠ
1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production i. 15 Some networks prefer to have separate rooms for production control.
2005 Post-Crescent (Appleton, Wisconsin) (Nexis) 11 Mar. 3 b This marks Plucker's seventh recording, but it's the first time he relinquished production control to another.
production control room n.
ΚΠ
1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production i. 15 Through the window of the production control room we can see the studio below.
2003 A. Notaro Back after Break xix. 171 The production control room, or the ‘box’, was a glass-panelled room located above the studio, suspended, as it were, in mid air.
production designer n.
ΚΠ
1924 Pointer (Riverdale, Illinois) 19 Dec. Mr Earl Ross, production designer and builder... Mr Ross can well be termed a ‘leading man’ while not in view of the audience.
1940 Mansfield (Ohio) News-Jrnl. 21 Mar. 20/3 Menzies, whose contributions to motion picture advancement as production designer for ‘Gone With The Wind’ won him a special award.
1996 Time Out N.Y. 4 Sept. 51/3 The feature-length debut of Vancouver-based quadruple threat Wild (producer, director, writer, production designer).
production director n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [noun] > people involved in television production > others
production director1915
production manager1927
television engineer1930
production assistant1932
vision-mixer1938
TV engineer1946
lighting cameraman1947
floor manager1960
helmer1974
showrunner1989
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > producer or director
art director1871
producer1891
director1911
production director1915
actor-producer1927
1915 Washington Post 4 Apr. 3/6 The Columbia Musical Comedy Co... Production Director Frank M. Rainger.
1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production i. 15 Facing these monitors sit the production director and his assistant.
1993 H. Stern Private Parts v. 121 Soon they made me production director, too, because I became really good at cutting tape and coming up with creative commercials.
production editor n.
ΚΠ
1920 Evening State Jrnl. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 21 Apr. 2/7 Gardner Hunting, eastern production editor of Famous Players-Laski Corporation.
2006 Monterey (Calif.) County Herald (Nexis) 8 Jan. (Brunch Entertainment section) After a brief stint as a production editor at an NBC affiliate in San Jose, he was accepted into the master's program at the American Film institute.
production manager n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [noun] > people involved in television production > others
production director1915
production manager1927
television engineer1930
production assistant1932
vision-mixer1938
TV engineer1946
lighting cameraman1947
floor manager1960
helmer1974
showrunner1989
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming
director of photography1916
grip1918
continuity writer1921
script girl1922
gaffer1926
production manager1927
best boy1931
production assistant1932
continuity girl1933
titler1933
clapper-boy1937
AD1957
1927 Times 29 Nov. 23 [The British Lion Film Corporation] has..acquired the services as Production Manager..of Mr Percy Nash, who is amongst the pioneers of British Film Producers.
1973 Listener 22 Nov. 727/1 In..the film-within-the-film, the wife of the production manager..sits sourly knitting on set.
2001 M. Azerrad Our Band could be your Life x. 361 The label's production manager..panicked because the meter was ‘pinning’, meaning the level on the tape was so high that it was distorting.
production staff n.
ΚΠ
1922 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press-Telegram 25 Oct. 10/2 Cecil B. DeMille, accompanied by his production staff and several members of the cast, went to Santa Barbara..on location.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 246 Control cubicle (BBC), the soundproof room equipped with control desk..which is occupied by production and operational staff.
1997 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 16 Nov. 87/1 These [film] budgets are prepared by the production staff after a script is written.
production studio n.
ΚΠ
1939 L. Jacobs Rise Amer. Film iii. vi. 85 With the financial offices separated from the production studios, film directors were more independent.
1988 Millimeter Apr. 41/1 A cooperative effort between several equipment manufacturers, a production studio, and motion-picture lab.
2003 Arkansas Business (Nexis) 23 June 24 He..works with production studios producing promotions, commercials and documentaries.
production team n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > production of television broadcast > [noun] > people involved in television production
lightman1892
production team1944
telly man1954
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun]
unit1914
film crew1919
film unit1922
production team1944
crew1954
1944 Times 27 Mar. 2 The frame of the picture is set down in detail by the production team and is recorded shot by shot by the camera.
1974 Listener 27 June 820/2 My wanting to make this series of documentaries..aided by my production team's talents as film makers.
2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 23 Jan. ii. 13/3 [A] stellar cast, led by Dame Judi Dench and Bob Hoskins.., and an award-winning production team to score, art direct, costume and choreograph the modest project.
C3.
production brigade n. (in some communist countries, now chiefly China) a unit within a commune required to meet specified production targets, esp. for agriculture.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > other types of association, society, or organization
invisible college1647
rota1660
working party1744
free association1761
working committee1821
Ethical Society1822
bar association1824
league1846
congress1870
tiger1874
cult1875
Daughters of the American Revolution1890
community group1892
housing association1898
working party1902
development agency1910
affinity group1915
propaganda machine1916
funding body1922
collective1925
Ku-Klux1930
network1946
NGO1946
production brigade1950
umbrella organization1950
plantation1956
think-tank1958
think group1961
team1990
the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > farm worker > worker on collective farm > labour unit
link1939
production brigade1950
1950 Soviet Stud. 2 73 The Party and the government recommended the permanent production brigade..as the basic and chief form of labour organization.
1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) lix. 453 About management? It is in the hands of the production brigade.
1998 China Q. No. 156. 988 The expansion of the production brigade co-operative health systems and the training of barefoot doctors probably increased survival chances in rural areas.
2006 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 9 Feb. 7 A villager in Taishi..was slashed with a knife and two others threatened by a production brigade leader.
production code n. Film a set of ethical guidelines for the regulation of motion picture content; spec. (sometimes with capital initials) a code for self-regulation which prohibited material such as sexually explicit scenes, nudity, profanity, violence, etc., created in the United States in 1930 and applied strictly from 1934 until the early 1960s; = Hays code at Hays n.In spec. sense short for Motion Picture Production Code.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > [noun] > ethical guidelines
Hays code1930
production code1930
1930 N.Y. Times 8 May 25/1 Mr. Hays..said that by next Fall or early Winter the pictures made under the production code recently announced by the industry will be released.
1946 Hammond (Indiana) Times 5 Apr. 2/4 [A] Catholic Archbishop..asserted today that the motion picture, ‘The Outlaw’, is ‘morally offensive’... The picture,..starring buxom Jane Russell, was rejected by the Hays office when it was made in 1942. but later received the production code seal of approval after some deletions were made.
1968 N.Y. Times 12 June 36/2 Under the new system, the industry's Production Code Administration would rate certain films ‘restricted’. From those children under 16 would be barred unless accompanied by a parent.
1977 J. Monaco How to read Film 229 The first production code dates from 1930... The code made absurd demands on filmmakers. Not only were outright acts of sex and violence strictly prohibited, but a set of guidelines was laid down..that prohibited the depiction of double beds, even for married couples.
2001 L. J. Leff & J. L. Simmons Dame in Kimono 237 Lolita..[was] a picture about a love affair between a man and a child, compounded by an aura of incest... No matter what the deletions, the theme would undermine the Production Code.
production engineer n. a person employed in production engineering.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > [noun] > production engineer
production engineer1904
process controller1922
1904 Washington Post 4 Sept. 9/3 An enterprise that did not exist, but which would have been financed if the production engineer could have proved that there would be big money in it.
1908 Econ. Jrnl. 18 25 A new kind of expert called..the ‘production engineer’... He is really a consulting economist.
1946 G. Galle in Philips Resistance Welding Handbk. ii. 41 Production engineers should be careful to watch that the seam welder is not overloaded.
1997 Metalworking Production Oct. 5/2 What the production engineer ultimately wants is to be able to plonk a component on the CMM table..and tell the computer to check if it's true to the design requirements.
production engineering n. the planning and control of the manufacturing processes, plant, and equipment involved in the production of any manufactured product.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > production engineering
production engineering1902
process control1918
1902 Bucks County (Pa.) Gaz. 27 Nov. 2/3 Minna C. Smith tells of the new profession—production engineering.
1956 Nature 4 Feb. 200/1 The art of precasting concrete has given rise to an established industry producing staple things like blocks, tiles, floor beams and parts for small structures, where problems are in the nature of factory production-engineering.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) X. 640/1 Production engineering as a planning activity takes place between product design and the planning of the over-all manufacturing process.
1998 Automotive Engineer Mar. 15/1 Engineering..must be regarded as multi-disciplinarian. These multi-disciplines..include, for example, product planning, production engineering and finance.
production number n. a spectacular song or dance in a musical show or revue; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > variety, etc. > [noun] > song and dance > item in
production number1915
Lambeth Walk1937
1915 Christensen's Ragtime Rev. Oct. 3 The best ballad ever written by these gifted composers... Can be used as a straight ballad, production number.
1921 R. W. Lardner in Sat. Evening Post 1 Oct. 19/3 It was more of a production number than anything else and ought to go in a show like the Follies.
1955 F. Brown Wench is Dead iv. 54 ‘Billie, aren't you making a bit of a production number out of this?’ ‘I am not, Howie. You're in an awful spot if the cops find out you were up there.’
1967 P. G. Wodehouse Company for Henry v. 98 One of those big production numbers so popular in revue, where the whole strength of the company let themselves go in uninhibited dance.
2000 Newsweek 1 Jan. 100/1 What will happen when Debbie Allen isn't around to choreograph production numbers featuring chorus boys dressed as Private Ryan?
production platform n. Oil Industry a platform which houses equipment necessary to keep an oil or gas field in production.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > oil and natural gas recovery equipment > [noun] > platform
platform1938
production platform1955
1955 Daily Independent (Kannapolis, N. Carolina) 30 Aug. 5/3 It can be turned into a giant production platform by removing the drilling equipment.
1993 Offshore Oil Internat. Sept. 17/1 A record one million man hours without a Lost Time Incident has been recorded by [a] team on the Brent Charlie production platform.
production reactor n. a nuclear reactor designed to produce fissile material.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > nuclear fission > nuclear reactor > [noun] > producing fissile material
converter1953
production reactor1954
1954 In Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer (U. S. Atomic Energy Commission) 958 Q. Was any of them a so-called heavy-water reactor? A. No... There was no production reactor involving heavy water.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XI. 359/1 Water is used as a coolant in the United States production reactors, whereas in the United Kingdom gas cooling has been the basis for most designs.
2004 M. Eisenstadt in H. Sokolski Checking Iran's Nucl. Ambitions vii. 119 Destroying the reactor at Bushehr..might set back Iran's plutonium program several years, provided Iran is not building or operating a clandestine plutonium production reactor elsewhere.
production relations n. [after either French rapports de production (1847 in the passage translated in quot. 1892) or German Produktionsverhältnisse] (in Marxist theory) the social relationships that characterize particular forms (e.g. capitalism, feudalism, etc.) of the process of production.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun]
industrial relations1833
labour relations1858
production relations1892
1892 tr. K. Marx Poverty of Philos. ii. 123 It thus becomes clearer that the production relations [Fr. rapports de production] in which the bourgeoisie moves have not a simple, uniform character, but a dual character; that in the selfsame relations in which wealth is produced, poverty is produced also; [etc.].
1936 J. F. Brown Psychol & Social Order vi. 113 The production relations are therefore at the basis of the class alignment in society.
1973 C. D. Kernig Marxism, Communism & Western Society VII. 36/1 In the historico-materialist view of history..it is assumed that revolutions arise out of a state of conflict between production and production relations.
2006 Africa News (Nexis) 29 May Pseudo capitalist societies struggling out of feudal production relations—at the same level of social development as today's Botswana.
production rule n. (a) a rule or principle governing industrial or agricultural production; (b) Computing a rule which associates a particular condition with an action to be taken when the condition is satisfied.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > [noun] > artificial intelligence > production rule
production rule1957
production1960
1957 Operations Res. 5 185 A method is presented for choosing the constants in a linear production rule so as to achieve an optimal balance between the cost of inventory fluctuation and cost of production-level fluctuation.
1971 B. Brainerd Introd. Math. of Lang. Study iv. 155 Intuitively speaking, a production grammar is a finite set of rules, the production rules, which can be applied to certain strings in order to generate other strings.
1985 V. D. Hunt Smart Robots ii. 43 Because of their modular representation of knowledge and their easy expansion and modifiability, production rules are now probably the most popular artificial intelligence knowledge representation.
1998 D. D. Salvucci & J. R. Anderson in J. R. Anderson & C. Lebiere Atomic Components of Thought x. 343 The mechanism operated by finding a mapping between the current problem and a previously solved problem and creating a production rule that implemented this mapping.
2004 Free Lance-Star (Fredericksburg, Virginia) (Nexis) 16 Sept. [He] belongs to a network of precast groups called Precast/prestressed Concrete Institute, which sets production rules, oversees the industry, publishes books,..and issues certifications.
production run n. a continuous period or spell of producing something; spec. a run (run n.2 50a) in the manufacture of a product.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > spell of manufacturing
production run1923
run1962
1923 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 20 Jan. 1/5 A five year old..holstein cow..has just finished a year's production run..which makes the cow a world champion..for [milk] production.
1942 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 9 May 3/1 Texas oil operators today begun the longest and heaviest production run since January.
1951 Times 23 Feb. 7/5 The United States Navy has an annual production run of about 70 aircraft to each design.
1973 J. Leasor Host of Extras i. 22 Many people think that the Ford Model T had the longest production run of any car—eighteen years. Rolls beat them on this..by being in production with the Silver Ghost for nineteen consecutive years.
1999 Materials World July 404/2 Many offshore yachts are individual designs, or..made in only small production runs.
production-sharing n. a system of sharing the resources and profits related to the production of a particular commodity, especially oil (frequently attributive).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > business affairs > management methods or systems > [noun] > profit-sharing
profit sharing1872
production-sharing1948
1948 Bridgeport (Connecticut) Times 7 July 20/6 There are many kinds of [profit-sharing] plans... I believe the so-called production-sharing plan to be the best.
1963 Economist 8 June 1046/1 The concept that the Indonesians prefer is one of ‘production-sharing’, under which the contractor takes over existing or potential development, brings in his capital equipment to carry it out, and has as his reward a share of what is produced, processed and sold.
1991 South Aug. 53/3 India's Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Royal Dutch/Shell, UP and Clyde Petroleum have signed a 25-year production-sharing agreement which allows each company to explore for oil at a cost of $50-60m.
production-test v. (transitive) to test for productivity; (also) to test under the conditions in which production would take place.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > manufacture or produce [verb (transitive)] > production-test
production-test1960
the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > try or test [verb (transitive)] > in specific conditions
static-test1922
field-test1938
reality-test1958
production-test1960
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 19 Jan. (Suppl.) 41/1 It should provide a means of production-testing individual hens.
1975 Petroleum Economist Aug. 286/1 An exploratory well was production tested in June last year at rates of 4 200 b/d of condensate and 23 million cubic feet per day of gas.
2005 St. John's (Newfoundland) Telegram (Nexis) 1 Oct. b13 The well in the area was production-tested at a promising 120,000 cubic metres of gas per day.
production-tested adj. that has been tested for productivity; (also) that has been tested under the conditions in which production would take place.
ΚΠ
1929 Lincoln (Nebraska) Evening Jrnl. 7 June 15/4 One member purchased seven production tested cows to replace thirteen low producers.
1946 Science 28 June 766/2 Features include a production-tested Thermocouple Gauge circuit.
1999 FT Energy Newslett. (North Sea Let.) (Nexis) 24 Feb. 1 Production, initially from one previously drilled and production tested well, which will be opened up, is scheduled for July.
production testing n. testing for productivity; (also) testing under the conditions in which production would take place.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > prior testing of product
production testing1931
the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > specific tests or testing > test of materials or equipment > testing under specific conditions
static test1823
static test1876
production testing1931
1931 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 9 Jan. 16/1 Production testing has been successfully carried on in it [sc. a herd of cows] for several years and at the present time cows tested by the university here hold seven state age class Jersey championships for butterfat production.
1963 Times 6 Feb. 19/5 The well has not flowed of its own accord except for a short period just prior to the commencement of production testing.
1998 Plumbing, Heating & Air Movement News July 25/6 The..controllers have been built to industrial standards with separate head-ends for certification testing and production testing.
production value n. (a) Economics the material or monetary value of the amount of a particular commodity produced; (b) Theatre and Film (in plural) the quality of a production in terms of the money spent on its staging, set, and appearance.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > specific theories or doctrines > value theory > amounts or parts of value
added value1814
surplus value1816
production value1894
value-added1932
1894 Manitoba Morning Free Press 20 Feb. 3/2 Ignorance of the farmers regarding the production values of the necessaries of life was..the most prominent factor in occasioning any existing enmity.
1922 Daily Kennebec Jrnl. (Augusta, Maine) 10 Nov. Lon Chaney gives another unforgettable performance... The production values are flawless.
1997 W. M. Fruin in T. Shiba & M. Shimotani Beyond Firm xi. 284 Given a host of other internal factories making products for the firm, the production value of what is manufactured needs to show consistency.
2002 N.Y. Mag. 25 Mar. 163 The production values in this German POW camp melodrama are impressive.
production well n. Oil Industry a well from which oil or gas is actively being produced.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > oil rig > [noun] > well
well1652
spouting well1776
petroleum well1801
rock well1830
oil well1859
spouter1865
gusher1876
test well1877
wild cat1877
wildcat well1883
roarera1885
oiler1890
discovery1900
edge well1904
wild well1915
offset well1922
stripper1930
offset1933
production well1934
outstep1947
step-out well1948
1934 Proc. World Petroleum Congr. 1933 1 359/1 (heading) The tubing of production wells under pressure.
1976 Offshore Engineer Mar. 6/4 At present only one production well is operating; depending on final assessment of reserves, from four to six wells will be used.
1996 Marine Engineers Rev. June 49/3 A total of 16 wells will be drilled, nine of which will be horizontal production wells and the remaining seven wells used for water and gas injection.
C4. Designating a product (originally a vehicle) made in the ordinary course of production, as opposed to a prototype or other special version; that has been manufactured in large numbers; not custom-made.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [adjective] > manufactured or produced > in ordinary course of production
production1922
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [adjective] > of or relating to motor vehicles > made in ordinary course of production
production1922
1922 Lincoln (Nebraska) Sunday Star 31 Dec. This year the Jewett will appear not as a newcomer but as one of the big production models of the past season.
1927 Lincoln (Nebraska) Sunday Star 2 Feb. 8/7 Automobile authorities agree that the new little Marmon eight-in-line engine delivers more power per cubic inch of piston displacement than any other production engine.
1955 J. Ashworth Operation & Mech. of Linotype & Intertype II. xxxiii. 329 The film magazine is a holder containing the film and a mechanism for advancing it between lines... Production models will be able to produce either wrong- or right-reading positives as desired.
1961 Motor Sport Dec. 1002 This talented designer has shown quite outstanding genius in placing another production B.M.C. engine across the front of his Mini.
1978 Gramophone Mar. 1642/2 A raffle for the first ever production model Quad Electrostatic loudspeaker.
1987 Windsurf Jan. 52/2 In the National Series held in varying conditions, the Superlight consistently outperformed other production boards.
2002 Chicago Tribune 13 Jan. xii. 10/2 Only problem with the system in the pilot truck is that..the light that flashes on to inform you of the setting was difficult to see. GMC said company internals noticed the same problem, and the production model will have brighter, easier to see lights.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.c1450- semiscale
- semischematic
- semischolastic
- semiscientific
- semiseafaring
- semisecrecy
- semisecret
- semisection
- semisegment
- semisemi
- semisenior
- semisentence
- semiseparatist
- semiseptate
- semisequitur
- semiserious
- semiseriously
- semiseriousness
- semiservile
- semises
- semisessile
- semisexfid
- semisextile
- semishade
- semishady